Hi there, great to see you today.

My name is Mr. Barnsley.

Thank you so much for joining me.

In today's lesson, looking at Animal Farm, we are going to do a deeper analysis of Squealer.

Okay, time to get started.

Now, today's outcome is that by the end of the lesson, you'll be able to develop your own extended response on the character Squealer.

So we're really focusing on Squealer today, and we're really gonna be thinking about those developed detailed responses that we can give if we were ever asked to write an essay about him as a character.

So, four keywords in today's lesson.

These are juxtaposed, pivotal, sycophant, and integral.

The definitions of each of these four words are about to appear on screen.

Do read through each of them carefully pausing the video if you need to make sure you understand what each of these words mean.

I don't want any of you to be confused when you see them later in today's lesson.

(mouse clicking) So, two parts to today's lesson, two different learning cycles.

First, we're gonna think about how we analyse language and how we do that well.

And then we're gonna move on to really thinking about how we develop those analytical paragraphs.

So let's dive into our first learning cycle shall we, analysing language.

So Sam and Alex have been given a task.

They've been told you need to come up with success criteria for analysing quotations.

Before they get started, I want you to give them a little bit of help.

What ideas might they have come up with? Pause the video.

If you've got a partner with you that's brilliant, you can discuss with them, share some ideas together.

But don't worry if you're working by yourself.

If you're working by yourself, you might just want to think through this question individually to yourself, or you may even wish to make a few notes that's up to you.

Okay, so it's time for you to pause the video.

Think about this question.

What do you think they might have come up with? What success criteria might they have created for analysing quotations? Pausing the video to discuss it and press play when you're ready to continue.

Lovely stuff.

I heard some really nice discussions and I could hear people thinking of examples and saying, "Ah, yes, remember when we wrote that essay?" Or, "Remember when we covered this topic, we had to do this." So, really well done for trying to think about what you might have learned across your time studying English, fantastic work there In your discussion.

Let's have a look at what Sam and Alex said, and see if their ideas are similar to any that you came up with.

Well, Sam says, "Okay, Alex, I've had my first idea" that they're gonna add to the criteria, and that is to refer to characters as constructs.

This is like meaning that we don't talk about them like they are real people, we acknowledge that they have been created by a writer.

So we might refer to the characterization, the methods and the themes, and I think this is a great idea from Sam.

Alex says, "Yes, good one." So what does this look like? Well, he says, instead of saying Squealer said, you would say, "Orwell users Squealer dialogue to." Okay, it's a very subtle shift here, but it's acknowledging Squealer is not a real character.

There isn't a real walking talking pig out there called Squealer or at least I hope not.

But actually, Squealer is a character who's been very deliberately crafted by Orwell.

Squealer is a construct.

So rather than Squealer said, Orwell uses Squealer dialogue.

Really great advice from Sam and Alex there.

So one down, what have you thought about Alex? Well, Alex says, link the quote to the progression of a character.

For example, this reveals how squealer has become more, or this links to the start of novella.

So really thinking about tracking those characters, thinking about how they change and their progression, because that is a deliberate choice by the writer.

A writer chooses what happens to a character and the journey that they go on, and there's often a message behind that.

So really try and link quotations to characters, journeys, characters progressions, the characterization that's really, really top stuff.

So, Sam says that's also really useful for linking to structure.

When they analyse quotes, they try and link it to the structure or style of the novella, the form of the novella.

So, not just seeing quotes as an opportunity to analyse language, but really think, "Okay, well structurally what is the the writer trying to do?" You know, what type of novella is this? What style of novella is this? And how does this quotation link to the style? You can't do that with every quote you analyse.

But, you should always be asking yourself, "Is this an opportunity to do this?" Alex says, don't forget to identify keywords within your main quotes using terminology where appropriate.

Okay, most quotations you choose are always gonna have one or two really juicy analyzable words in there.

And you really want to identify them, draw attention to them, pick them apart, dive deeper, tell me what they mean.

But you want to use terminology where it's appropriate.

You don't want to throw terminology in for throwing it in sake.

We do not want an essay just full of bits of terminology that you've kind of thrown at the wall and hoping as much of it will stick, but you want to use it appropriately when you are focusing and zooming in on keywords or phrases.

So Alex wants to recap everything.

These are therefore success criteria that we're gonna be working on in today's lesson.

We want to make sure we refer to characters as constructs.

We see that the writers have created them for a reason.

We want to link this to progression.

We want to link to structure form or style where we can and we want to use terminology where appropriate.

Great criteria there, well done to Sam and Alex, and of course any of you who suggested any of those things in the initial discussion.

Okay, let's have a look then at quote from Squealer, "The other said of Squealer that he could turn black into white." Discuss then, what analytical comments can you make about this quote? I want you to think about that success criteria we've just looked at.

If you need to, you might want to rewind the video or look back on the slide.

What could we say about this quotation? Pause the video, have a discussion and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic discussions there and well done to those of you who are really carefully looking at that success criteria to make sure you are really picking out interesting things to say about the quotation.

Well, here are some questions you could be asking yourself.

Why do you think Orwell used as this metaphor the first time he described Squealer the first time? Okay, thinking about structure as well there.

And does Squealer change or progress as the text unfolds? Because if we want to think about structure, we want to think about our character's journey.

That's a really nice question we can be asking ourselves.

So let's have a look.

Let's try and collect all the ideas that we might have discussed and the ideas for those two questions that I've just shared.

And let's look at this model response that someone might write about this quote, Orwell establishes squeals deceptive characterization with the use of metaphor, the juxtaposition of the adjectives, black and white emphasise Squealer's mastery of language and propaganda, suggesting he can manipulate something dark to seem light and pure.

More specifically, it links to Orwell's views on political language and how it makes lies sound truthful.

This initial description hints at the power Squealer will wield as the novella progresses.

Let's have a look at the success criteria then.

How this analysis, the quote has helped meet that success criteria.

Well, first of all, it refers to the character as a construct and links to characterization.

You know, we're not saying Squealer acts in a deceptive manner.

He does, but he's a character.

He, you know, it's a choice that Orwell has made to have Squealer act in a deceptive manner.

So we want to make sure that that's very clear that this is Orwell's choice.

This is the characterization Squealer is a construct.

We identify methods and we explain kind of what the impact of them, and we use terminology where appropriate, okay? So we use that terminology there, juxtaposition and the word adjectives, because actually that's what we're analysing.

We're analysing how this adjectives black and white have been juxtaposed, placed together, and what the impact of that and what we learn about squealer from that.

But we've got to link it to Orwell's messages and themes here, because if a character is a construct, if they've been deliberately created, they've been deliberately created for a reason.

And the reason why Squealer, or one of the reasons why Squealer has been deliberately created, it can be argued, is because he represents the criticisms Orwell wants to make about political language and how political language can often be used to manipulate.

And finally, we've got this, this final sentence, which gives us a hint of what is to come with Squealer.

So it's acknowledging that this is just the start of Squealer journey, and there's gonna be a progression.

So really, really nice analysis of this quote and kind of starting to really explore this quote in a lot more detail.

So great job if you picked out any of these things during your discussion.

Okay, let's check our understanding, it's a good point now in the lessons to check how we are getting on.

True or false, you should talk about characters if they are real people.

Is that true or false? Pause the video, have a think and press play when you're ready to continue.

That is of course, false.

Let's justify our answer.

Is it referred to characters as constructs and comment and methods of characterization and theme? Or is it referred to characters as constructs and comments on their fictional backstories? Pause, think, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Yes, that is of course, A, we need to remember that characters are constructs.

They've been created by a writer for a reason, and then we can comment on what the writer does with them, or how the writer links them to certain themes.

That is an excellent use on commenting on character.

Okay, over to your first task of today's lesson.

Here is another key quote from the novella, "It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples." What I want you to do is discuss how does this add to the characterization of Squealer? So we're gonna use this discussion grid to really help us formalise our discussion so we're not just talking aimlessly.

We're gonna have a really, really focused discussion.

So we want to make sure that we identify and explain any methods that Orwell uses in that quotation.

We want to develop our ideas by using phrase like more specifically, or more precisely indeed, like we zoom in and we want to draw conclusions, and we might link these conclusions to Orwell's ideas and Orwell's purpose.

So therefore, ultimately, consequently all great ways of like drawing our ideas, you know, discourse markers that suggest we're gonna kinda pull some ideas together.

Let's just quickly model that together so we can see what a really high quality discussion will look like.

So Orwell reveals Squealer continued role as a master manipulator.

Indeed, Squealer propaganda is pivotal in the progress of the pigs of power.

As a result, the pigs are able to establish a totalitarian regime with the support of the other animals.

So really nice analysis there of that quotation, or this is, you know, this quotation, but it's adding layers of detail by using those centre starters in the table.

It's time to hand over to you so you're gonna want to pause the video and discuss with your partner.

If you're working by yourself, you might wish to try and find someone else that you can practise that discussion with.

It's always great if you can practise discussion, but if there's no one around, then you can always make a few notes and write down what you would've said.

Okay, pause the video over to you and press play when you're ready to continue.

I heard some really, really lovely discussions there.

Let's have a think about what else you might have said.

So we modelled an answer, let's have another look at something that you may have said.

So you might have said through Squealer, Orwell emphasises the power of propaganda.

So again, he's a construct.

He's been used to push this message and this message is that just how powerful propaganda can be.

In particular, this quote shows Squealer's integral role in the continued perpetuation of hierarchical structures.

So Squealer is really important in keeping those hierarchical structures in place.

Ultimately, Squealer is able to manipulate the animals in order to make them complicit in Napoleon rise to power.

All of this can come from the idea that taking milk and taking apples is this propaganda.

Like, we need them, it's for your sake, we eat them, okay? Propaganda is lies, it is not truth.

But we can say much more than this is just a lie, and this is just propaganda.

We can really dig deep into how impactful that is.

Great if you said anything like that.

And of course you'll have different ideas and you might have zoomed in on some of those interesting words or symbolism in the quotation.

Great job.

Okay, it is time for us to move on to our second learning cycle, and we're gonna start developing our analytical paragraphs.

So, I want us to look at this essay question.

I want you to think about, just think to yourself as I share this question, how you might go about answering this question.

So the question is, the other said of Squealer that he could turn black into white.

Do you think Squealer is an important character in "Animal Farm?" And you may wish to write about how Orwell presents the character of Squealer.

You may wish to think about how Orwell uses Squealer to present ideas around people and society.

So we are gonna look at some model paragraphs based on this question.

So you might have already started to have some ideas thinking about, well, what I might say.

Well, let's take some time to look at a model paragraph written by a pupil and think about why this might be successful.

So, Squealer is central to Orwell's messaging "Animal Farm." He's a sycophant who holds no political power or purpose in his own right, but he props up Napoleon's regime to benefit himself.

Through this character, Orwell illustrates how easily the ideals of any revolution can be lost.

Squealer is not invested in the ideology of animalism, but sees the new regime as an opportunity to gain personal power.

Though Squealer can be linked to the Soviet propaganda newspaper Pravda.

He's also more broadly symbolic of the deceit and propaganda that was used to ensure Stalin's absolute authority over his people.

Okay, we've read that together.

I want to see, you can do this via discussion, or you can just do this thinking to yourself.

Can you see any of the success criteria on the right in that extract? So, can you see any inferences that are linked to Orwell's intention and purpose? Can you see any links between language and structure? Can you see any links between characterization and the form of the novella? Okay, so pause the video, reread what you can see on screen and see if you can identify anything that meets any of that success criteria.

Well done if you highlighted any of these phrases, there was a lot in this to think about what Orwell's intention was, what message is he trying to put across? So, the Squealer is really important to his message and that he's saying that actually the ideals of any revolution can be lost.

So there was lots of that in there.

There wasn't actually very much analysis language structure, and there certainly wasn't any link to form.

But let's look at the as it continues 'cause there is more to this model answer.

As a democratic socialist or while was vehemently opposed to this corruption of Marxist ideals and to the idea of any totalitarian regime.

Squealer is characterised as deceitful from the outset with the ability to turn black into white.

This immediately suggests that he's morally unscrupulous and is happy to cover up from Napoleon's corrupt actions stating with the stolen apples, it is for your sake that we drink the milk and eat the apples.

Okay, let's pause, we know what success criteria we're looking for.

Can we see any of it in this section of the model response? Pause the video, have a think and press play when you're ready to continue.

Right, great, you should definitely have found some link to Orwell's intention.

We know that Orwell believed in Marxist ideals.

We know that he hated the idea of them being corrupted, and he also did not like the idea of totalitarian regimes at all.

So we can link Squealer existence as a construct in a text to Orwell's own beliefs.

You might have also picked up that we were starting to do some links between language and structure.

So we look at this quote, black into white, but we link that to the plot.

We link that to something else.

We say, look, we know that he solely can turn black into white, and we see that lying happen when we start with the stolen apple.

So we're starting to say, look, this is the first time we see that lying in action.

And that phrase, starting with is really useful, useful for saying, look, this might be the first time we see the lying in action, but it also gives a hint that we are gonna look at more times that Squealer lies throughout the text.

Again, I don't think we've seen any links between characterization in the form of the novella.

Let's look at this final part.

This is one of the many instances where Orwell uses direct speech for Squealer with his authoritative tone conveyed through direct address your sake.

The fact that pigs take the apples for themselves represents a turning point in the novella, and Squealer is instrumental in this.

Again, pause the video, compare this against the successful criteria, have a think to yourself, what can you see? Where can you see it? Press play when you're ready to continue.

Yeah, great, you might have used or was intention.

So the fact that he uses Squealer direct speech to talk about authoritarianism and lies and manipulation.

Again, we see some more language and link between language and structure.

So a turning point is a structural point.

So well done if you picked that out.

But again, you might have noticed there hasn't been any link to the form of the novella.

So when we talk about a novella, we can talk about it as an allegory and we can talk about it as a fairy tale, but there's no reference to that at all in this response, what I'd like you to think about is how could we include this? Can you think of links to allegories or links to fairy tales that would help develop this model answer further? So pause the video, have a think.

If you've got a partner, you might wish to discuss that with them.

If you're working by yourself, just think to yourself, how could we bring ideas around form into this response? Think and press play when you're ready to continue.

I heard some lovely ideas, some of you went down the route of talking about it as an allegory and making links to the Russian revolution.

Others, I really liked how you focused on this idea of fairytale, and that's the one I want to zoom in on.

So by the end of the novella, Squealer stands upright alongside Napoleon, superior to all the other animals in a bitter twist on the fairytale convention of returning to the status quo, the animals find it impossible to distinguish between the pigs and the humans in the final chapter.

A really nice little point there and saying, look, this is based on the idea of fairytale, but using a fairytale or in some fairytales, everything returns back.

You know, and people learn their moral lesson.

Here we don't have that, okay? Here we have a bitter twist, Okay, the animals are much worse off than they ever were under Jones.

You could have also mentioned how Squealer is used to satirise the role of propaganda in the Soviet Russia.

So if you did go down the route of it being an allegory, that might have been what you chose to zoom in on.

Well done if you said that.

Okay, let's check how we're getting on then and check for understanding which sentence best demonstrates linking characterization to form and structure.

There are three fairly long sentences on the screen, so I'm gonna ask you to pause the video and spend plenty of time reading them, making sure you understand what they're saying, and then press play when you are ready for the response.

Great, well done if you said B, the final description of Squealer walking on his hind legs completes this cyclical structure revealing the continued cycle of oppression that Orwell wants to emphasise that is a fantastic analysis.

It's really making a link between a quote and structure, cyclical structure, and linking it to Orwell's argument that actually oppression comes in cycles.

Great, great, great analysis.

Okay, over to our final task in today's lesson.

You are now gonna write your own analytical paragraph based on this question.

The others said of Squealer he could turn black into white, do you think Squealer is an important character in "Animal Farm?" Now, I have given you some statements to help you.

You may use these, adapt these into your own writing.

You may use them to frame your own writing, your own writing should not just be made up of these four statements.

So I, again, I will let you pause the video and you can read through these in your own time.

You want to give yourself plenty of time to do writing.

I always find if I want to do analytical writing, I need to give myself a good 15, 20 minutes so I can really get into that.

So give it your best shot and give yourself plenty of time.

I know you can do this, you've done some fantastic discussion today.

So over to you, pause the video and press play when you're ready to continue.

Welcome back, fantastic work.

It was so great to see you writing so confidently about this character.

Some people will argue Squealer as a minor character, he is not the main pig, he's not Napoleon and therefore it's difficult to write lots about him.

But to see you all writing so confidently then it is brilliant.

So really, really well done.

We're gonna finish today's lesson with a little bit of reflection on what we've written today.

So on screen you can see a checklist.

It's a really good checklist just for you to read and compare your own work again.

So, have you made a range of interesting inferences about Squealer and linked those to Orwell's intention? Have you made links between language and structure? Have you made links between the depiction of Squealer and the form of the novella? So have you mentioned a fairy tale or an allegory? Have you referred to the character as a construct? Meaning you understand that you've commented either on characterization or methods or themes.

Have you shown progression of the character? Have you talked about how the character changes across the novella and have you used terminology, but only where it's appropriate? Pause the video, check back for your work, and if there's anything you haven't done on this list, that is fine, but make a note of it and make sure that is a target for you to do when your next time you do some analytical writing.

Pause the video over to you and press play when you're ready to continue.

Okay, well done some really, really great work there.

I'm really pleased to see how far you've all come.

You've really developed in today's lesson, that's great to see.

On the screen, you can see a summary of everything we've covered, the key learning from today's lesson.

If there's anything on there, you think, "Oh, I'm not quite sure about that, then please do take the time to go back re-watch sections of the video so you're feeling really confident before you move on to the next lesson.

I've been really grateful to have you in today's lesson.

It's been great to see you.

I'm wishing you a wonderful day, whatever you choose to do next, and I hope to see you all soon in a future lesson.

Goodbye, see you all soon.