Hi, everyone.

My name is Ms. Panchal and I'm really excited you've decided to join me on this science lesson.

So our lesson today is going to be focusing on animals in danger, and this is part of our bigger units of learning on living things and the environment.

So we're going to be looking at lots of different animals today.

Let's get started with the lesson.

So the outcome for our lesson today is I can understand that changes to environments can sometimes pose dangers to animals.

So having a look at the link between the change in environment and the impact this has on different animals.

So here on the screen, we've got a series of different keywords that we're going to use in our lesson today.

So what I'd like you to do is pause the video here and take it in turn of your talk partner to read out the keywords and their definitions.

So the words we have for today are environment, endangered, estimate, and researcher.

Click play when you're ready to continue and we'll start the lesson.

Off you go.

Brilliant reading, everybody.

Well done.

So our lesson today is split up into two parts.

We're first going to be thinking about changing environments and then we're going to be looking at researching the impact of changing environments.

So let's get on with the first part of the lesson.

So Alex and Sam have gone to the park to explore their local environment.

Explain to our partner what do we mean by environment.

So pause the video here and maybe you can jot down your ideas on a whiteboard or have a talk with your partner.

What do we mean by environment? Off you go.

Brilliant ideas, everybody.

Well done.

So an environment is the surroundings of a living thing, including plants or animals and the conditions they live in.

Sam says, "I have observed different animals in this environment.

I wonder why they live here." Do you know? So pause the video here, have a little bit of thinking time on your own.

So think about what Sam is saying.

Why do those animals live in that environment? Have a think.

Brilliant ideas, everybody.

Well done.

Environments must contain all the things required for living things to survive and grow.

So we've got images of some squirrels in the park here.

What does the park provide for these squirrels? So have a think with your talk partner.

What does the park provide for these squirrels? Why do these squirrels live in the park and enjoy themselves so much? Great, so Alex says, "The local park provides animals like squirrels with food, water, air, and shelter." Let's do a check of our learning.

True or false.

Environments only provide places for animals to live.

Do we think that's true or false? Brilliant.

The answer is false.

I'd now like you to have a little think about why this statement is false and can you change a statement so it's now true? Have a go.

Brilliant.

So an animal environment must contain all the things required for living things to survive and grow.

This includes food, water, and air, as well as shelter and protection.

Super job, everybody.

Well done.

Let's move on to another question.

Which of these would provide what a hedgehog needs to grow and survive? So look at the images A, B, and C.

So which of these places would provide a hedgehog with the things it needs to grow and survive? Look really closely.

Brilliant.

The answer is B.

So A is a desert, that would not be very suitable for a hedgehog.

B, a grassland and wood would be perfect for a hedgehog, and C, a car park would not be suitable for a hedgehog.

Let's move on.

Sam and Alex are watching a television programme about how environments can sometimes change.

Sam says, "I learned that when environments change, plants and animals can become endangered and that means that they are at risk of becoming extinct." Alex says, "I wonder what changes are happening to their environments." Do you have any ideas? So have a think with your talk partner.

What different types of changes do you think are happening to their environments? Maybe you can write down some of your ideas.

Great job, everybody.

Well done.

So hawksbill turtles need healthy coral reefs, clean coastal waters and safe sandy beaches to provide food, shelter, and somewhere to lay their eggs.

Sam says, "Human actions including plastic waste in the sea, use of fishing nets, and illegal hunting are changing the environment that hawksbill turtles depend on, so they have become endangered." And so you may have read or seen before that unfortunately lots of turtles can get stuck in plastic or mistake plastic for food and then become very unwell and sometimes maybe even die.

Kakapos live in just a few places in New Zealand and they cannot fly so they need forests with safe areas to build their nest and lay eggs.

Alex says, "Human actions including deforestation, which is the cutting down of trees, are changing the environment that kakapos depend on so they have become endangered." Sam also says, "The animals on the television programme live in countries far away from where I live.

Are there any endangered animals in the UK?" What do you think? So pause the video here, have a little bit of thinking time on your own, and then I want you to share your ideas with your partner.

Do you think there are any endangered animals in the UK? Can you gimme some examples if you think there are any? Brilliant.

So Alex says, "Yes, some types of bats, birds, bees, mice, and other animals are endangered in the UK.

Also, animals such as hedgehogs are not yet endangered, but their numbers are steadily decreasing." Let's do a check of our learning.

Which of these changes to environments can cause danger to the animals within them? A, plastic waste.

B, planting trees.

C, putting up nest boxes.

D, deforestation.

So which of these changes to environments can cause danger to the animals within them? Brilliant.

So plastic waste and deforestation are changes to environments which could actually cause danger to the animals within them.

So let's move on to the first task of our lesson today.

So I would like you to choose an environment to find out more about.

So you could choose a river, forest, beach, or desert.

Use junk materials to create a model of this environment in a recycled box.

Aim to include what an animal that lives there needs to grow and survive.

Then I'd like you to share your model with a partner and talk about how this environment could change and cause danger to the animals that depend on it.

So pause the video here, choose your environment, and collect all your junk materials.

Pause the video, have a go at doing this task, and I can't wait to see all of your final tasks.

Press play when you're ready to continue and we'll go through an example.

Off you go.

Amazing work, everybody.

Well done.

I can see you've worked so hard to use lots of different materials to create your model environment and I'm so impressed with what you've done.

So let's look at an example.

So this example here is a rainforest model.

So many animals live in their rainforest.

It provides plants for animals to eat and shelter in, like snakes and frogs, tree frogs.

It provides water for caimans to hunt in and dragonflies to lay their eggs in.

Deforestation and pollution can leave the animals in danger with nowhere to shelter, less food to eat, and dirty water to hunt or lay their eggs in.

Did you get similar ideas or did you get some different ones? Well done for having a good go and I can see you've worked really hard to make your model environments.

Make sure you keep those really safe and you can put them on display.

Well done, everybody.

So we finished the first part of our lesson while we've spoken about environments changing.

So we're now going to be learning about researching the impact of changing environments.

So Sam and Alex are talking about animals in danger.

Sam says, "How do we know that an animal is endangered?" Alex says, "I wonder if a team of people count how many animals there are every year.

They can use this information to calculate if the numbers are decreasing and whether the animals have become endangered." What do you think? So how do we think we know that animals, certain animals, are endangered? How do we think we know this? What do you think? Great ideas, everybody.

Well done.

So researchers estimate the number of animals in different environments.

But why might this be a challenging task? See if you just have a look at the image on the screen here.

We've got some different animals, but why do you think it might be quite difficult for researchers to estimate the number of animals in different environments? Why do you think it's quite hard? Excellent, well done.

So it can be difficult to estimate the number of animals for a few reasons because some animals move fast or in large groups that are hard to count.

In addition to that, it's not always easy to spot animals in their environment as they can hide away from their predators.

And a word for that is they are camouflaged really well into their natural environment.

So actually it can be very tricky to find them.

Let's do a check of our learning.

True or false.

It is easy to count the exact number of animals in an environment.

Do we think that's true or false? Brilliant.

The answer is false.

I now want you to think about why this statement is false and can you change the statement so it's now true.

Have a go.

Brilliant.

So animals can be very hard to spot in their environment and they can also be many moving around.

So it's hard to know which ones have already been counted.

Let's move on.

So researchers often estimate the number of plants or animals instead of counting them all.

And this can be done in different ways.

Do you know what researchers do in order to help them to estimate population numbers? So remember, estimate is having a good guess, educated guess based on the knowledge and information you have.

So do you know what researchers do to help them to estimate population numbers? Show your ideas with your partner.

Do you have similar ideas or do you have some different ones? Great ideas, everybody.

Well done.

So researchers sometimes carry out surveys of animals and this means they observe and count animals in lots of different places and use these numbers to estimate how many there are in total.

Laura says, "We did this when we counted garden birds for a national survey.

We counted which different birds landed in the school garden and use this information to estimate how many there were in total." So we can see some birds on a bird feeder here and the bird feeder is a fantastic way to attract lots of different types of birds.

Sometimes researchers capture a few animals without hurting them, mark them in a harmless way and then release them.

And we can see here a tagging a bird with a leg ring.

Later another sample of birds is captured and the researchers count how many are marked and unmarked and uses to help them to estimate the total number.

This method is called capture-mark-recapture.

So this tag here we can see helps researchers keep track of this particular bird.

Laura says, "Sometimes the researchers don't see the animals at all, but they can tell that they have been there." How do you think this might be? How do you think they know this? So although the animals can't actually be seen, but researchers can tell that they have been there.

How might they know this? Talk with your talk partner.

Brilliant.

So they observe samples of animal droppings or prints in the ground to identify which animals are in the environment.

The number of droppings or prints can help researchers to estimate the number of animals that have been there.

So droppings and prints can be really good clues for researchers to use and that information is really helpful to them to think about counting population of certain animals.

Researchers often take photos of the areas they want to estimate the number of animals in using technology such as drones.

So here is a picture of a drone here and a drone is a fantastic and very clever piece of technology as you'll be able to take some photos and videos of places that can be really hard to reach and maybe on foot as a human you may not be able to reach there and often you'll be able to put the drone really, really high, which means you can get a picture that's covers a very large area of land.

Drones are radio controlled robots that have cameras attached to them.

They make it easier to survey large areas that are difficult to reach on foot.

Researchers then ask volunteers to help them count all the animals in the photographs.

This is a good method for animals that move around a lot.

So the drone is a fantastic piece of technology and it's used in lots of different industries and in lots of different ways as well.

Researchers can repeat their estimates at different times to see if changes to an environment have posed dangers to the animals that live there.

So we can see a new road here through a forest.

Researchers discovered that the building of this new road through the middle of a forest caused the number of rabbits, badgers, and deer in this environment to decrease.

So we can see that road in the middle there between the forest.

So we know for a fact that there are going to be some trees that have had to be cut down in order for the road to be created, but also all the materials that are needed for the road would've had to get there.

So that means even more trees would've had to been cut down, which means the environment has had many changes.

Let's do a check of our learning.

How do researchers estimate the number of animals in the wild? A, count every animal.

B, count the number of animals in lots of places as parts of a larger survey, or C, use capture-mark-release.

Which one do we think is correct, A, B, or C? Brilliant.

The answer is B and C.

So count the number of animals in lots of places as part of the larger survey and also use capture-mark and release.

Let's move on to the next task.

So you have been given the task of finding out whether flamingos are at risk of becoming endangered.

To do this, you need to estimate the number of flamingos in their environment.

I'd then like you to explain to a partner what you think would be the best way to estimate their numbers.

So what I'd like you to do is pause the video here and have a go at this task.

Think really carefully about the different strategies we've spoken about and how researchers count different animals and estimate the number of animals in a particular area.

It's completely up to you how you would like to display your work.

You can maybe write down some notes, you can write a paragraph, or you could record yourself talking to your partner about the explanation.

So pause the video here, have a go at this task, and I'm really looking forward to seeing your final work.

Off you go.

Wow, everyone, I'm so impressed with your work.

You've come up with some brilliant ideas and I can see you've worked really hard using all of the knowledge from our lesson today.

So let's look at an example.

Laura says, "I would use the capture-mark-recapture method.

I would first capture some flamingos and use a leg ring to mark them.

I would then let them go.

A few days later, I would capture some more flamingos and use the number of them that had a leg ring to help me estimate the total number of them." So this method is quite a useful method, quite a popular method.

Did you choose this method as well or did you use a different one? Well done for having a good go at this task, everybody.

I'm so impressed with your work.

Another example is Alex says, "I would use a drone to take a photo of all the flamingos in an area.

I would then ask volunteers to help me count all the birds in the photograph.

I would then use this to help me estimate how many flamingos live in the wild." So here are two different examples of things that you could do.

Did you use the same idea as Alex or did you use a different one? Well done.

So we've come towards the end of our lesson.

So let's do a summary of our learning.

So we've learned to lesson today the environments must contain all the things required for living things to survive and grow.

Changes to environments can cause danger to the animals within them.

And estimating the number of animals in an environment can be a challenging task and can be done in different ways.

And now we've got fantastic technology such as drones that can help us to do things we maybe not have been able to do a few years ago.

For example, to take pictures really high up or to get to places where we wouldn't be able to on foot.

In addition to that, we've also learned that researchers may directly observe animals in the wild and also use technology such as drones to survey large areas.

So we've learned today about how changes in environment can cause danger to animals and living things within those environments.

So it's really important that we, as humans, do everything we can to keep our environment and safe for all the living things for them to survive and grow and flourish.

Now a huge well done to you all.

I'm so impressed with all of the work you've done today and I was super impressed with your model environments that you created.

I hope you have a great rest of the day and I'm sure I'll see you really soon in the next science lesson.

Bye-bye.