Hi, everyone.

It's Ms. Panchal here.

I hope that you are well.

Thank you for joining me on the next science lesson that is part of our bigger topic of human development.

So we're going to be focusing today on the changes in old age.

Now we've got lots of learning to do today, so let's get started.

So our learning outcome for today's lesson is I can describe changes in humans as they develop into old age.

So we're first going to think about some key words that we're going to use in today's lesson.

Now as part of our bigger topic of human development, you may have seen or heard of these words before or maybe in some of your other science lessons, but we're going to just quickly talk over them.

So we've got human, develop, adult, elder, and elderly.

So as I said, some of these words you may have heard of before, seen it before, or know what they mean and some of you might not be so sure, but don't worry because that's what today's lesson is all about.

So as I said, some of these words you may would know the meaning of, but some of you may not be so sure.

So I'm going to put up the definitions here and I would like you to just pause the video and have a moment to read over these key words.

Maybe you can take it in turns with your partner to read out each sentence.

Off you go.

Click play when you're ready to continue.

Super job.

Well done.

So our lesson today is split up into two parts.

So we're first going to think about old age and we're then going to move on to finding out about the changes that happen during old age.

So let's get started with the first part of the lesson.

So humans change in lots of ways as they develop over time.

So we've got some diagrams here to help us.

So we've got baby, toddler, child, adolescent, and adult.

So we know that these are different stages of a human life.

Now I want you to have a think of what's happened at each of these stages.

So what I would like you to do is pause the video here and maybe jot down some of your ideas on a Post-it note.

Well, have a talk with your partner, at which of these stages can you describe what types of changes happen? Have a think and click play when you're ready to continue.

Great job, everyone.

I hope you had a good time discussing all of those different changes.

Now as we can see from the diagram there actually one very clear change is that you grow up.

Okay, you grow or taller and you learn to walk, you learn to talk.

And as you get older, you learn to become a little bit more independent, meaning you're less reliant on other people to help you do things and then you become completely independent when you are an adult.

Well done, everyone.

So you may have come up with a couple of these suggestions.

So this child has said, "Toddlers learn to walk and begin talking." Another child has said, "Children learn to read, write, and understand numbers." Another child has said, "Adolescents go through lots of changes during puberty, like changing body shape and growing hair in new places." Another child has said, "By the adult stage, humans' height and muscles are fully developed." Did you get any of these ideas or did you get any different ones? Well done for having a good to go.

So old age is the last period in human life.

So you've got a picture here of two elderly people.

Old age is generally considered to begin at around 65 years old.

Adults at this stage of life are called elders or elderly people.

So when you hear the word elders or elderly people, it's referring to people in that stage of their life.

So let's do a quick check of our learning so far.

So the question is, which best describes what old age is? Is it A, the first period of human life? B, the last period of human life? Or C, when human life has ended? So have a think back to the learning we've done so far in the lesson.

Which answer do you think is correct, A, B, or C? Have a think and we'll go through the answer soon.

Super job, everyone.

Well done.

The answer is B.

So we know the old age can be described as the last period of human life.

Fantastic work, everyone.

So let's look at the next question to check our learning.

At what age is someone generally considered to be elderly? Is it A, 20 years old, B 40 years old, or C 65 years old? What do you think? Super job.

The answer is 65 years old.

Well done, everyone.

So how do you think you might be different when you are an elderly person? How will your body and mind develop at this stage? So Aisha's having a think about these two questions and she's thinking, how will she be different when she's an elderly person? But also how would your mind and body develop or change at this stage? So I would like you to pause the video here and maybe you can do a mind map with your partner or in a small group to think about the different changes that may happen in old age.

And also you might want to have a think about what might be different when you are an elderly person.

So have a think in your partners or in small groups.

Drop down your ideas and maybe compare your ideas with another group.

Did you get the same ideas or did you get some different ones? Off you go, and click play when you're ready to continue with the lesson.

Super job, everyone.

I can see you've had a really good discussion there about the changes that elderly people would experience.

So during old age, skin changes and becomes more wrinkled, hair can also become more grey and thinner or fall out.

So you may have elders in your family and you may have noticed these changes in them.

So Izzy's asking a really interesting question here.

She has asked, "Do humans keep growing as they get older?" And we've got a picture here of Izzy's grandma.

What do you think to Izzy's question? Do you think humans keep growing as they get older? Well done.

So Izzy's grandmother here says, "During old age, the tissue between bones can shrink, making elders look shorter than they were, but not by much." So during the time when elderly people or in that stage of their life, the tissue between the bones can actually shrink.

So they can appear a little bit shorter than they were before, but sometimes it's so little that you may not even notice it.

Well done, everyone.

In addition to that, muscles are generally lose strength and flexibility during old age.

And that's why sometimes you may see elderly people with a walking stick if they're unable to walk as confidently as they were before.

This means that some elders use mobility aids such as canes to help them stay active.

And it's important that people in this stage of their life still remain active.

And I know in local swimming pools and local leisure centres, there's lots of activities that for elderly people because it's really important that they keep on moving.

It's really important for them physically, for their bodies, but also it's really important mentally for them as well.

It's also a great opportunity to meet other people.

Sometimes elderly people's vision and hearing can deteriorate over time.

So the word deteriorate there is a key word and that means to sort of get worse.

So it's saying here that when people are in that last stage of their life, their elderly age, their vision and hearing, so their ability to see and their ability to hear may get worse over time, and it won't be something that necessarily happens overnight.

It may be gradual over a series of months or even over years as well.

Because of this, they may be more likely to use glasses or hearing aids.

So you may see older people having to wear glasses to maybe read something that's quite small.

And that's because as they're getting older, their vision is struggling a little bit.

So they're finding it hard to read those words.

And also similar to hearing, they may wear hearing aids to help them to listen before they may be able to listen and hear out for lots of things, but as they're getting older, they may find it more challenging.

So let's do a quick check of our learning so far.

So the question is, which of these changes happen during old age? So we've got a few options here.

Let's read them carefully.

A, muscles become stronger.

B, height increases.

C, hair becomes more grey.

D, more wrinkles appear on skin.

E, shoulders become broader.

And F, hearing and vision deteriorate.

So have a think back to the learning we've just completed and I'll repeat the question to you just so you have a really good understanding of it.

Which of these changes happen during old age? So think really carefully.

Maybe read those statements again just to make sure you understand them and think about which of these changes happen during old age.

Pause the video here, have a think, and we'll talk through the answer soon.

Super job, everyone.

Well done.

So we've got hair becomes more grey, more wrinkles appear on skin, and we've got hearing and vision deteriorate.

So we know that A said muscles become stronger, we actually learnt they become weaker.

And it says B says height increases, but actually we learnt in the lesson so far that actually the height may decrease slightly.

And E says shoulders become broader.

And we know that that's a change in puberty that happens, not a change that happens during old age.

Well done, everyone.

You've worked really hard on this question.

So we are going to move on to the first task now.

So the task is to sort the changes to complete the table.

So we've got four different columns there, child, adolescent, adult, and elder.

So I'm going to read these statements to you and I want you to have a think about which column they're go into.

Girls start periods.

Skin has many wrinkles.

Learn to read.

Full height is reached.

Intellectual development is complete.

Boys' voices get deeper.

Baby teeth fall out.

Body hair grows in new places.

Hair turns mostly grey.

Muscles lose strength and flexibility.

So pause the video here and you may want to copy out this table onto a big sheet of paper so that you can sort out all of these statements into the correct section.

Now once you've had a go at sorting them, I want you to go through and check your work thoroughly just to make sure you are really happy with where you've put these different statements.

If you need to, go back to earlier in the lesson to understand a little bit more about old age if you are unsure.

So pause the video here, have a go, and we'll talk through the answers really soon.

Off you go.

Super work, everyone.

Well done.

So let's go through the answers.

So in child, there should have been baby teeth fall out and learn to read.

For adolescent, we had girls start periods, boys' voices break, voice gets deeper, and body hair grows in more places.

For the adults, we have full height is reached and intellectual development is complete.

For elder, we have hair turns mostly grey, skin has many wrinkles, and muscles lose strength and flexibility.

Now well done everyone for that task.

I know you worked really hard to sort these different statements into the different stages of a human life, and this is drawing on all the knowledge that we've learned in the human development topic.

So well done, you've all worked really hard.

So our next question to you is, which do you think is the odd one out? And I would like you to have a think about explaining why.

So we've got a picture of an adolescent, an adult, and an elder.

So I would like you to maybe write down your ideas or discuss them first to a talk partner, which do you think is the odd one out? And once you've figured out which one is the odd one out, I want you to think really carefully about why you think it's the odd one out.

Have a go at the task, click play when you're ready to continue and we'll go through some example answers.

Off you go.

Super job, everyone.

Well done.

So you may have had some examples like this.

Laura has said, "I think the adolescent is the odd one out because they are the only one who is still growing." Alex has said, "I think the elder is the odd one out because their muscles are losing strength." And Izzy here says, "I think it's adult because they don't change size and the others do." What do you think? Did you get something similar to these children or did you get something a little bit different? Well done for having a go at this task.

Super work, everyone.

So we've finished the part of the lesson learning all about old age.

So we're now going to think about moving on to finding out about changes in old age.

So let's get started.

So Sam says, "My grandma doesn't use a walking stick or a hearing aid, so I don't think she's an elderly person." Do you agree with Sam? Have a think.

Then I would like you to have a think about, are there any questions you would like to ask her to help you decide? So Sam has said a statement here and we need to think about whether we agree with her or not.

But are there any questions you would like to ask her to help you decide? Have a think.

Great, so there are some questions we could ask.

What colour is her hair? And Sam has said grey.

We could also ask, how old is your grandma? And Sam has said she's 82.

So do we think Sam's grandma is an elderly person? So now that we have a little bit more information about Sam's grandma, do we think she's an elderly person? Hands up for yes or hands up for no.

Super job, everyone.

Well done.

So all humans are different.

So elderly humans will be different from each other.

So Sam's grandma, although she is elderly, she doesn't necessarily need to use a walking aid, okay, or a hearing aid or something to help her with her vision.

So they may change in different ways and at different times.

For example, I have elderly people in my family that don't use hearing aid and don't use a walking stick, but they do need glasses sometimes to read really small writing.

Old age lasts from their age of 65 until the end of a human's life.

Humans continue changing during this time.

So a 65-year-old person will be very different to a 95-year-old person.

So it's important that you remember that during this time, humans will still be changing.

As I said, it's not going to be overnight changes, but maybe over time these changes will happen.

Let's do a quick check of our learning so far.

Which of these statements are true? A, all elderly people age in the same way.

B, often elderly people's hair gets thinner.

C, human bodies keep changing after the age of 65.

Or D, everyone needs a hearing aid when they become elderly.

So have a think of those statements.

You may want to read over those again yourself.

Which of these are true? If you need to click back to this couple of slides before, just to recap on the learning, have a go at this question and we'll go through the answer soon.

Super job.

So statement B and C are correct.

So often, elderly people's hair gets thinner.

That's correct.

That's something we learned earlier in the lesson.

And human bodies keep changing after the age of 65.

So we know that A and D are incorrect.

So A says all elderly people age in the same way.

And we know for a fact that that's not true.

And we know D here, everyone needs a hearing aid when they become elderly.

And we also know that that's not true.

Some people might need hearing aids before they become elderly.

And some people when they're elderly, they might not need a hearing aid.

So everybody is different, and that's completely normal and completely fine.

So let's continue with the lesson.

So these children have some questions about elderly people.

So Izzy says, "When did my granddad's hair turn grey?" Jun asks, "Does hearing deteriorate for all old people?" Alex asks, "How old was my neighbour when he started using a cane to walk?" And Laura says, "How old was the oldest person ever?" So let's have a think.

How could they find answers to these questions? Have a think, have a little bit of quiet time thinking on your own.

How do you think these children can find out the answers to their questions? Excellent.

Well done for having some good focus thinking time.

So some of these questions can be answered using secondary sources.

Can you tell which ones? So secondary sources include books, include the internet.

So which one of these questions do we think we could use secondary sources for? Well done.

So we can find answers to general questions about elderly people as a group using secondary sources such as websites or non-fiction books.

So Jun and Laura's questions here are, does hearing deteriorate for all old people and how old was the oldest person ever? So these two questions, we'd be able to find out the answer using the internet or using some non-fiction books.

Did you get the answer too? Well done.

Whereas, there may be some other questions where we are not able to find the answer in a textbook, in a non-fiction book or on a website.

So Izzy's question was asking, "When did my granddad's hair turn grey?" And Alex is asking, "How old is my neighbour when he started using a cane to walk?" So how could we find the answers to these questions? What do you think? Great job.

So we could find the answers to these questions about specific people or our thoughts and feelings by interviewing people.

So asking them questions.

So this means asking them the questions we are curious about and listening carefully to their answers.

So this way, we can ask them specific questions and we can learn the answers to our questions.

So let's do a quick check of our learning.

Which of these questions could be answered by interviewing someone? A, how old were you when you first needed a hearing aid? B, what is the most common age for hair to turn grey? C, do all old people need glasses? Or D, how do you feel different now to when you were young? So which of these questions do you think could be answered by interviewing somebody? So remember when we're interviewing somebody, we're asking quite a specific question about them.

Have a think.

Super job.

The answer is A and D.

So how old were you when you first needed a hearing aid? And how do you feel different now to when you were young? So these both questions are quite specific, so we'd need to ask someone by interviewing them.

Well done, everyone.

So we're now going to move on to the next task.

So I would like you to plan some questions to ask an elderly person that will help you find out about what it's like to be in the elder stage of human development.

You could ask questions about how it feels to get older.

You could think about asking when they noticed certain changes happening, as that might be different for different people.

And you may think about asking how they feel different now to when they were at other life stages.

So remember, try to avoid asking questions that could be answered with research using secondary sources.

So this is your opportunity to ask quite specific questions.

So have a go at writing some questions to ask an elderly person.

Off you go.

Well done, everyone.

So you may have come up with some of these questions.

How strong do you feel now compared to when you were a child and an adult? What is the best thing about being an elder? How old were you when your hair started to turn grey? How old were you when you noticed that you were getting shorter in height? Or did any of your friends need a hearing aid at the same time as you? So these are some example questions.

Were your questions similar or were your questions a little bit different? Why don't you compare some of them to yours? Great job, everyone.

So what I would then like you to do is meet with an elder and find out the answers to your questions.

And if you cannot arrange to speak with someone, a member of your group could take on the role of an elderly person and sit in the hot seat.

It will be their job to imagine they are much older and answer your questions as they are 90 years old.

So if you're able to speak to an elder, but if not, you can do some hot seating and doing some role play and pretend you are 90 years old and answering these questions and then you can take in turns with your partner.

Off you go.

I hope you enjoy speaking to your elders or doing a little bit of role play with your hot seating.

Off you go.

Super job, everyone.

Well done.

So we've got Aisha here and Aisha's grandmother.

So Aisha's grandma had said, "None of my friends have a hearing aid yet.

I noticed my first grey hairs quite early, around 30 years old, but it wasn't mostly grey until around age 70." And she also said, "The best thing about being an elderly person is having so much knowledge and experience that I can help others with." So this is what I should find out.

Did you find out something similar or did you find out something different? Well done for having a great go at this task.

So we've come to the end of today's lesson now.

So we're going to do a summary of our learning.

So we've learned the old ages, the last period of human life.

It begins at around 65 years old, and people in this stage of life are called elders or elderly people.

And they go through some changes during old age, and these changes include hair going grey, the bone shrinking, muscles losing strength and flexibility, and vision and hearing deteriorating.

I remember we said that word deteriorating means getting worse.

We can find out about the changes in old age are the people we know by planning and asking them questions, but we could also use secondary sources for more general questions.

Now well done, everyone, you've worked incredibly hard on learning all about old age.

You've completed all the tasks to the best of your ability, and I'm so impressed with all of your questions and all of your ideas.

So I hope you have a great rest of the day, and I'm sure I'll see you very soon in the next video.

Bye-bye.