Lesson video

Hi there and welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss.

I love spelling and I'm really looking forward to teaching you.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains, as well as that, something to write with and write on and someone or something to talk to would be great, as well.

Let's get right into today's spelling lesson, then.

In today's lesson, we're going to be changing nouns from singular to plural, using some alternative rules.

The outcome will be, I can turn nouns from singular to plural by changing F to a V and adding the suffix E-S.

Here are the key words for today's learning.

Please keep an eye and an ear out for them as they're going to be very important.

My turn, your turn.

Make sure I can hear you saying these back to me.

Suffix, plural, singular, root word, noun.

Fantastic.

So let's have a chat about what these words mean, then.

A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a root word.

Plural means more than one.

Singular means only one.

A root word is the base word from which other words are formed, often by adding prefixes or suffixes.

And a noun is a naming word for people, places, and things.

And so today we're going to be using singular nouns as our root words.

And onto these root words, we are going to be adding suffixes to turn them into plurals, more than one of those nouns.

So here's the lesson outline.

We're changing nouns from singular to plural using some alternative rules.

We're going to look at more rules for using the suffix E-S and then we're going to practise and apply some spellings.

Let's get on with having a look at some newer rules then for adding our E-S suffix to turn nouns from singular to plural.

Common nouns name people, places, and things.

Nouns can be singular or plural.

There can be one of them or there can be more than one of them.

Here we have one car, singular.

Then I have more than one car, two cars, plural.

Noun, my singular noun there, sorry, is car.

My plural noun is cars.

And you'll notice the word has changed.

The spelling of a noun changes if it is plural.

Here we can see I have my singular noun key, and I've added the suffix S to the end to create keys.

When we add the suffix S or E-S, it can be used to show plural nouns.

Here I have house.

Add an S, it becomes houses.

There are many houses on the streets.

There was one house on the street, singular, many houses, plural.

Here I have lady, it becomes ladies.

Lunch becomes lunches.

Notice here, some of these examples show me adding the suffix S and some show me adding E-S.

Also, notice that sometimes the root word, my root singular noun stays the same.

I don't change its spelling before adding my suffix.

Sometimes that root word will change.

Notice the word lady.

I've removed the Y and added an I-E-S.

So there are different ways to show a plural noun.

Sometimes we just add S, sometimes we add E-S.

Sometimes the root word changes before we add our E-S.

Let's have a read of some words.

Coins, stories, cities, toys, benches, wishes, glasses or glasses, boxes.

Hmm, what do you notice about all of these words? Pause the video and have a think.

Have a go at saying them again.

Think at how they're spelled.

What comes at the end of each one? Off you go.

Good job, team.

So they all end with the suffix S or E-S.

They are, therefore all plural nouns.

These words follow different rules, though, for when that suffix S or E-S is added and the root word may have changed in some instances.

What rules can you remember? Think about what the root word is, the singular noun and think about how that root word has changed when we've either added an S or an E-S to create that plural noun.

Pause the video, see if you can remember any of our spelling rules for adding our plural suffixes.

Off you go.

Some lovely conversations going on there.

Oh, I can see a word like coin, singular, has become coins.

I've just added an S.

A word like story or city, those root words end in a Y, don't they, making that E or that I sound.

And I've removed the Y in those instances and added I-E-S.

Toy, though, that ends in a Y but remember, it's part of a vowel digraph.

It's preceded by vowel, so I just add an S.

Bench, wish, glass, and box either end in a C-H, an S-H, an S-S, or an X and therefore, we just add E-S to create that plural noun.

So remember, they were some of our rules: just add S, remove the Y and add I-E-S.

Keep the Y and add an S, and then just add E-S.

So choose the correct word to complete these sentences.

There's six words underneath.

There's three gaps, so you have to think carefully about the words you're going to put in.

I'm gonna read the sentence with the blanks for you and then you are gonna pick the correct words to put in.

S and E-S are types of, hmm, that are added to the mm of a word.

When S or E-S is added to the end of a word, it can show that the word is, mm.

Pause the video.

Have a go at saying, the sentence with the gaps filled in with the correct words.

Off you go.

Really good job.

So let's have a look.

S and E-S are types of suffix, really well done.

Not a prefix, that comes at the start of a word.

Remember, our suffixes are added to the end of a word.

Excellent.

When S or E-S is added to the end of a word, it can show that the word is, hmm, singular or plural.

It's plural, absolutely.

We are turning singular nouns today into plural nouns, more than one of that noun by adding our E- suffix, in particular, today.

Why don't you pause the video and how a read of that sentence one more time.

S and E-S are types of suffix that are added to the end of a word.

When S or E-S is added to the end of a word, it can show that the word is plural.

So we have already generated two rules when adding our S suffix, just the letter S.

We just add S or we keep the Y and add S.

Let's have a look at this in action.

Dog becomes dogs, girl becomes girls, house becomes houses.

Here, we just add S.

And in the words like toy, day, and donkey, they're part of vowel digraphs there, aren't they? They're proceeded by a vowel, so O-Y, A-Y, E-Y, all making a singular sound, digraph, two letters making one sound and we just add an S.

So root word stays the same and root words ending in the digraph, including a Y, and that root word stays the same.

So two rules for just adding S, we just add the S, keep the Y and add an S.

We've also generated two rules when using that E-S suffix.

So just add E-S to the word, or remove the Y and add I-E-S.

When we remove that Y and add I-E-S, that Y is proceeded by a consonant letter.

So the word baby, where my Y is making that E sound is proceeded, the Y is proceeded by B.

In puppy, again, like my Y is making that E sound is proceeded by a P.

So I remove the Y and add I-E-S.

And here we can see if the word ends in S-H, C-H, S-S, or X, we just add E-S.

And here, remember that the root word ending in the Y and that Y can be making an E or an I sound often.

And here, the root word stays the same and we just add E-S when those root words end in S-H, C-H, S-S, or X.

So have a look here for me.

I've got three root words underneath, three singular nouns.

Remember, they're the root words we are beginning with today.

Have a look at the root words for me.

That's gonna inform you as to how you're going to add the E-S suffix, and how your new word is going to be spelled.

Are you going to remove a Y and add I-E-S? Or are you just going to add E-S and the root word's going to remain the same? Let's read the root words first.

Lady, wish, puppy, glass or glass.

Pause the video, put 'em into the correct columns and turn them into plural nouns by adding the E-S suffix.

Off you go.

Fantastic job, team.

Let's see how you've done them.

So lady ended in a Y, as did puppy and they're proceeded by a consonant.

So we remove the Y and add I-E-S.

Wish and glass or glass ended in a S-H or double-S so we just had to add E-S.

Really well done.

The pronunciation has changed for words ending in S-H, C-H, S-S, and X.

The E-S here doesn't necessarily sound like an E-S.

It sounds like an is or I-S, wish-is, glass-is.

I didn't say wish-es, glass-es.

So you don't hear that E-S, ez.

It almost sounds like is, wish-is, glass-is.

So be careful with that.

Look at what happens when the suffix E-S is added to these nouns.

We're gonna start having a look at some more rules now.

My singular noun here is wolf.

It becomes wolves.

Hmm, what's happened there to my root word? Here, I have a singular leaf.

The leaf fell to the floor.

Becomes leaves.

The tree was covered in leaves, plural.

Hmm, something similar is happening here, isn't it? That's like something's being gotten rid of.

And then something's being added before E-S is being added.

Calf, this is a baby cow.

The calves were feeding.

Oh, again, a letter's gone, a new letter's been added, and then my E-S suffix has been added.

What do you notice? Pause the video and have a think.

Lovely discussion there.

So, absolutely, I can see here that my F has been removed from each of my singular nouns replaced with a V and then E-S added to create my plural noun.

Wolf has become wolves, leaf has become leaves, calf has become calves.

So the F has been removed and a V-E-S has been added.

So our rule here is when that root we ends in an F, the F is replaced with a V before our E-S suffix is added.

So loaf, like a loaf of bread, becomes loaves.

The baker baked many loaves.

Knife that I might cut with becomes knives.

Thief becomes thieves.

Notice here, my F has been removed each time, replaced with a V before my E-S is then added.

Knife is an interesting one 'cause we sort of got rid of the F-E there at the end, haven't we, and replaced it with a V and added our E-S.

So here's our most regular common rule for this.

Remove the F and add V-E-S when that singular root word, that noun there ends in an F.

What will the spelling of these words be when we add our suffix E-S to the V? We have the word knife, leaf, thief.

Thief is someone who steals something.

I want to turn these into plural.

Remember, look at the spelling of the root word that's going to help us to spell our new word.

Look at each of these words.

What do they end in? I have knife, leaf, thief.

I want to make knives, leaves, thieves.

What do I need to remove, what do I need to add? Have a go at spelling those words out now.

Pause the video.

Excellent, team.

So knife becomes knives.

I remove my F-E there and replace it with a V-E-S.

Leaf, I replace the F with a V-E-S and thief, I replace the F with a V-E-S.

Remember our rule, remove the F and add V-E-S.

So now look at what happens when the suffix E-S is added to these nouns.

Another rule here.

Tomato becomes tomatoes.

Hero becomes heroes.

Volcano becomes volcanoes.

What's happening here? What do you notice? Is my root word changing? What am I just adding to make them plural? Pause the video and have a think.

Excellent, absolutely.

I can just see here, I'm just adding E-S to the end of these words to turn them into plural nouns.

So if a noun ends in an O, we add the suffix E-S to turn it into a plural noun.

However, there are some exceptions to this rule, so watch out.

Remember, exceptions are ones that don't follow the general rules that we generate and the patterns that we spotted.

Words like piano and photo, to turn them into plural, we just add an S, we don't add the E-S.

But most of the time, if a root word, singular noun ends in an O, we do add an E-S.

So if a noun ends in an O, we add the suffix E-S to turn it into a plural.

Potato becomes potatoes.

Domino that you might play with becomes dominoes.

Mosquito, the one that might bite you, buzz.

Mosquitoes, we have an E-S.

So here our rule is it's ending in an O, we're just adding E-S.

So have a look here for me.

On one hand, I've got the singular noun, and on the other hand, I've got the plural noun.

I've got loaf that's become loaves, like loaves of bread.

Calf has become calves, those baby cows.

And domino has become dominoes, the game that you might play.

Have a look, which rule has been used? Have I removed the F and added V-E-S? Or I just added E-S? Match these now to the correct rule.

Pause the video, off you go.

Excellent, team.

So loaf and loaves, I've removed the F and added V-E-S.

Calf and calves, there, I've removed the F and added V-E-S.

And domino and dominoes, I've just added my ES 'cause it ended in that O.

Brilliant.

So we've generated two new rules so far today.

Remove the F and add V-E-S when that root word, that single noun ends in F.

And if the word ends in an O, most of the time we're gonna add E-S.

But remember, there are some exceptions.

Here we go.

So you can see I've got thief, wolf, knife, and I've removed the F or the FE in each of these and added V-E-S.

And then I've got tomato, volcano, mosquito and I've just added E-S to each of these.

Root word ends in an F, remove it, add V-E-S.

And here, root word stays the same and you just add E-S.

Remember, looking at the spelling of that root word is going to help us know how to spell our new word, our plural noun.

So for our practise task here, I'd like to put the root word into the correct column and show what will happen when our E-S suffix is added to it.

Have a go at writing the new plural noun.

Is it gonna go into the remove the F and add V-E-S? Or is it ending in an O and just adding E-S? And we've got those root words leaf, tomato, hero, knife, potato, loaf.

Put them in the correct columns and have a go at turning them into plural nouns by adding that E-S suffix.

Off you go, pause the video.

Brilliant work, team.

Let's see how you've done them.

So leaf, knife, and loaf all ended in F or an F-E.

So we remove the F or the F-E and add a V-E-S.

Tomato, hero, potato all ended in that O so we just had to add E-S.

Pause the video, see how you did with sorting those and see how you did with spelling the new plural nouns.

Off you go.

On to our next learning cycle then, which is practise and applying the spellings.

So let's read the following word.

My turn, your turn: guard.

Guard.

Hmm, something interesting about this spelling.

There's a letter in there that I find a little bit naughty.

Pause the video.

Have a go at saying the word and think which letter there do you think is a little bit naughty? Guard.

Brilliant.

For me, it's this U here.

It's almost like a silent letter.

It's sort of that U and that A are working together to make one sound.

It's an R sound, isn't it? So I don't hear here that U and the A and the R are working together to make that R sound.

I don't say G, g-ard, do I? I say guard.

So you don't really hear that U being pronounced, do you? This is a curriculum word and it's very helpful for us to remember because it's gonna appear a lot in our reading and writing.

Remember, a guard is someone or something that stands guard over something.

It's protecting it.

The guard stood in front of the gate.

So which of these is the correct spelling of the word guard? Pause the video and point to it.

Brilliant, absolutely.

It's this one here, isn't it? We have that silent U that we don't pronounce there.

Guard, the first one probably makes the most phonetic sense, but we know it's not how it's spelled.

It's our curriculum word, guard, G-U-A-R-D.

We now are going to have a go and practise spelling some words with the suffix E-S, using our rules.

Remember, the rules that you've looked at are remove the F and add V-E-S, and then if the word ends in an O, often we just add E-S and that root word stays the same.

Remember how this looks in action? Root words ending in an F, remove, add V-E-S, and then ending in an O, just add E-S and our root word stays the same most of the time.

But there are some exceptions.

So have a look here for me.

We've got A, B, and C.

Now I want you to choose the correct spelling for each sentence.

I'll read them to us.

Remember, consider the rules that we've looked at.

Think about the root word that's gonna help you know how to spell the new word.

In the autumn, the leaves fall off the trees.

Sam picks tomatoes from the plant outside.

You can find the books on the shelves over there.

Pause the video, select the correct spelling for each sentence.

Off you go.

Great job, everyone.

So in the autumn, the leaves, now leaf is my singular one there, ending in an F.

What do we do with the F? Chop the F off, add V-E-S.

Sam picks tomatoes.

Oh, it ends in an O, that word, so I'm gonna add E-S, the root word stays the same.

I can see tomato in the word tomatoes.

And finally the book's on the shelves.

Now I can actually hear it there, V-E-S, can't I? But remember, shelf, okay, shelves.

Shelf ends in an F, remove the F, add V-E-S.

Brilliant.

So choose the correct plural spelling.

The root word is wolf.

Have a look, A, B, or C.

Point to it now, pause the video.

Good job, team.

So wolf ends in an F.

We know we're gonna remove that F and add V-E-S.

Our root here is potato.

Which is the plural spelling of potato? Potatoes.

Pause the video, point to it now.

Good job, team.

So potato ends in that O, doesn't it? I don't think it's one of our exceptions.

So what do we do? We just add E-S.

You can see the spelling of the word potato in potatoes.

Brilliant.

So I've got four singular nouns here and I want you to turn 'em into plurals by adding our E=S suffix.

Some of them are going to change, aren't they? Remember the rules we've looked at.

So I've got the words, tomato, leaf, volcano, and shelf.

Can you put books on a shelf? A volcano might erupt.

The leaf as in the leaves on a tree.

And you might eat a nice, juicy tomato.

So I want you to pause the video in a moment and I want you to turn these into their plurals by adding our E-S suffix.

Think about whether the root weather is going to change or not, and if it does change, how will it change? Remember those rules we've looked at.

Pause the video.

Off you go now.

Excellent work, team.

So tomato ends in that O.

Hmm, I need to then add E-S, don't I? I can see the word tomato in the spelling of my plural, tomatoes.

Leaf, Now leaf ends in an F.

What do we do with that F? Chop it off, add V-E-S, excellent.

Volcano, same as tomato.

Ends in that O, what's our rule there? We just add E-S, and the spelling of that root word stays the same.

And shelf becomes shelves.

Remember, remove the F and then add V-E-S.

Brilliant, that's my correct spelling.

How did you guys do? Did you make any matching mistakes? Do you have any corrections to make? Do you want to share your learning with those around you? Make those corrections, share your learning now.

Pause the video.

Great work in spelling today, everyone.

Today we've been changing nouns from singular to plural, using some different rules.

We've been adding that suffix, E-S today, haven't we? Remember, a suffix is a letter or group of letters that we add to the end of a word, which creates another word.

Adding S or E-S to a noun creates plural where we go from a singular having one to a plural, having more than one.

When using the E-S suffix, there are four key rules to remember.

Remove the Y and add I-E-S.

If the word ends in an S-H, C-H, S-S, or X, we just add E-S, remove the F and add V-E-S.

And most of the time if the word ends in an O, we just add E-S.

Remember, though, there are some exceptions to these rules.

Great job, everyone.

Keep up the great spelling.

I'll see you again soon.