Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping, and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today all about the Vikings and how the Vikings settlement changed Britain.

So, shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to explain how England came to be ruled by Vikings as well as Anglo-Saxons in the 11th century.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The keywords we'll be using today are reign, tribute, contest.

I'm gonna say those again and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

Reign, tribute, contest.

Good job.

Now let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Here are the definitions for each of our key words.

To reign means to rule as a monarch and be king or queen.

Tribute was payment made often by one ruler to another.

To contest something, you fight for a position of power.

Pause the video here to make a note of these keywords, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we'll be working through together in today's lesson.

The reign of Ethelred the Unready, the Viking Kings of England.

In the first learning cycle, we will explore the reign of Ethelred the Unready.

When the Anglo-Saxon King Athelstan died in 939 CE, there were six Anglo-Saxon kings that reigned after him.

Each king continued to fight back against the Danes and re-conquered the Danish lands in England.

By 954 CE, the Danes had lost control over all of their English territories and many retreated back to Scandinavia.

Ethelred was the sixth Anglo-Saxon King to follow after Athelstan, and his reign was not easy.

Ethelred was crowned the King of England in 978 CE when he was only around 12 years old.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Complete this sentence.

Ethelred was the Anglo-Saxon king to reign.

So fill in that gap, is it second, sixth, or fourth? Pause the video here, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? Ethelred was the sixth Anglo-Saxon king to reign.

Well done if you got that right.

During the mid 900 CE, England had experienced a period of peace after recapturing the Danelaw areas.

However, early in Ethelred's reign in the 980 CE, a series of Viking raids began along the coast of Northumbria.

Hampshire, Thanet, and Cheshire were also rated in 980 CE.

Devon and Cornwall in 981 CE.

And Dorset in 982 CE.

At first, these raids were not a significant threat.

However, the Viking attacks became more serious in the early 990 CE.

King Ethelred did not have a large enough army to fight back against the raids, and this became a big problem in 991 CE when a large Viking fleet attacked the southeast of England.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

When did the Vikings launch an attack on the southeast of England? 980 CE, 991 CE, 981 CE? Pause the video here, have a moment to think, and press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said 991 CE, you're absolutely right, well done.

A battle began in Maldon, where an army of Viking raiders attacked the army of Essex, led by Earl Byrhtnoth.

The earl and the Essex army were defeated, and Byrhtnoth was killed.

Despite their defeat, a poem was written portraying the English as heroic.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

The Vikings were not a threat to the Anglo-Saxons, is that true or false? Hmm, what do you think? The Vikings were not a threat to the Anglo-Saxons, is that true or false? If you said that that is false, you are absolutely right, well done.

Now looking at these two statements, which would help to justify your answer? The Vikings were successful in raids and battles against the Anglo-Saxons.

The Anglo-Saxons were successful in raids and battles against the Vikings.

So pause the video here, have a discussion with your partner, which of these two statements would help to justify your answer? And press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said the Vikings were successful in raids and battles against the Anglo-Saxons, you are absolutely right, well done.

Following the Battle of Maldon, the English king, Ethelred decided that the English should pay tribute to the Vikings.

This tribute was a large sum of money to make sure that the Vikings would not attack Ethelred's kingdom again.

Ethelred and the Vikings signed a treaty.

However, this treaty did not last as the Viking raids began again in 997 CE.

Lots of people have thought that King Ethelred did not make very good decisions during his reign, and so he is often referred to as Ethelred the Unready.

This has been translated to mean badly advised or badly prepared.

One of those decisions was to repeatedly pay tribute or Danegeld to the Danes to keep a truce.

In 1002, when it was thought the Danes were a threat to Ethelred's life, Ethel had ordered all Danes living in English territories to be killed.

This became known as the St Brice's Day massacre.

Historians believe many Danes were killed.

However, they are unsure of the specific amount.

The massacre angered many Vikings, and this put England's throne at risk.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding here.

In order to kill all the Danes in England put the English throne at risk, is that true or false? Hmm, what do you think? If you said that's true, you are absolutely right, well done.

Now looking at these two statements, which would help to justify your answer? The massacre angered the Anglo-Saxons.

The massacre angered the Vikings.

So pause the video here, have a quick discussion with your partner, which of these two statements helps to justify your answer, and press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said, the massacre angered the Vikings, you are absolutely right, well done.

We're now ready to have a go at our first learning task.

I'd like you to describe Ethelred's reign to your partner using what you've learned.

Use these words and phrases to help you.

Reign, raids, 978 CE, tribute, Battle of Maldon, St Brice's Day massacre.

So pause the video here, give yourself enough time to describe Ethelred's reign to your partner using what you've learned, and press play when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example? So your answer may have included, Ethelred became king in 978 CE.

Early in his reign, Viking raids took place along the coast.

Ethelred did not have a large army to fight back.

So when the Vikings attacked the southeast of England, they were a real threat to England.

At the Battle of Maldon, the Vikings defeated the Anglo-Saxons.

Ethelred responded by paying a large tribute to the Vikings to secure a truce.

However, in 1002, Ethelred ordered all Danes in English territory to be killed.

This was known as the St.

Brice's Day massacre.

Well done for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to move on to the second part of this lesson.

We're going to explore the Viking Kings of England.

Sweyn Forkbeard, the king of Denmark, wanted revenge for the St.

Brice's Day massacre.

There are historical records that state that Sweyn's sister, Gunhilde, and her husband, Pallig Tokesen, were victims of the massacre.

For 20 years, Sweyn Forkbeard, son of the Danish King Harold Bluetooth, took part in raids on England.

He became the first Viking to contest the throne of England.

In 1013, Sweyn launched a large scale invasion, intending to crown himself king of England.

The men of the Danelaw soon surrendered and then the south surrendered too.

When London submitted to Sweyn, King Ethelred fled to Normandy in France, leaving the whole country under Viking control.

In 1013, Sweyn was the first Viking to become king of England.

However, his kingship was short-lived as he died in 1014.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Sweyn Forkbeard was king of England for a long time.

Is that true or false? Sweyn Forkbeard was king of England for a long time, true or false? If you said that's false, you are absolutely right.

Now looking at these two statements, which helps to justify your answer? Sweyn was only King between 1013 and 1014.

Sweyn was king for five years.

Pause the video here and have a quick discussion with your partner, which of these two statements helps to justify your answer? And press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said Sweyn was only king between 1013 and 1014, you are absolutely right, well done.

Now the death of Sweyn gave Ethelred the chance to return.

Ethelred's council of advisors invited him to return to the throne on the condition that he agreed to settle their grievances.

Now, Ethelred only ruled for a further two years as he died in 1016.

Now, although Ethelred made some poor decisions during his reign, evidence from his charters and coins suggest that Ethelred's government was more effective than was once believed.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Ethelred's reign was a complete failure, is that true or false? What do you think? If you said, that's false, you are correct, well done.

Now looking at these two statements, which would help to justify your answer? He made some poor decisions, but his coins are evidence that his government was still a success.

He made some poor decisions and his government was a failure.

So pause the video here, have a quick discussion with your partner, which of these two statements helps to justify your answer? And press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said, he made some poor decisions, but his coins are evidence that his government was still a success, you are absolutely right, well done.

Now, Ethelred's death gave Sweyn's son, Canute, a chance to contest the throne of England.

Canute was successfully ravaging England and was a real threat to the Anglo-Saxons.

Therefore, Ethelred's son, Edmund Ironside, made a truce with Canute where they agreed to divide the kingdom between the Anglo-Saxons and the Vikings.

However, shortly afterwards, the Anglo-Saxon Edmund Ironside died and the Viking Canute became king of England in 1016.

In 1018, Canute also became the king of Denmark, and he united the two kingdoms, England and Denmark, in trade and wealth.

In 10 28, Canute became king of Norway as well, and this created a huge North Sea Empire.

This empire benefited from the unity and stability King Canute brought through his power and government.

He was the first Viking leader to be acknowledged by the Pope as a Christian king.

At the height of his power when Canute ruled all three kingdoms between 1028 and 1035, he was the most powerful ruler in Western Europe after the Holy Roman Emperor.

So take a look there, that map of the North Sea Empire, can you see those pinkish areas on the map? That is Canute's North Sea Empire of England, Denmark, and Norway.

Harthacnut was the son of King Canute who ruled Denmark, Norway, and England.

When King Canute died in 1035, Harthacnut became king of Denmark, and became king of England in 1040, after the death of his half-brother Harold Harefoot, king of England.

Harthacnut struggled to retain his father's empire, and Magnus I took control of Norway.

Harthacnut died suddenly in 1042 and was succeeded by Magnus in Denmark and Edward the Confessor in England.

Harthacnut was the last Dane to rule England.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

Can you place these kings in chronological order? So have King Harthacnut, King Canute, and King Ethelred.

So pause the video here, place these kings in chronological order, and press play when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at the order? So King Ethelred ruled first, then King Canute, then King Harthacnut.

Well done if you ordered those correctly.

This brings us to our second learning task.

I'd like you to write one paragraph to explain how England came to be ruled by Vikings as well as Anglo-Saxons.

Use these images to help you.

We have King Ethelred, Sweyn Forkbeard, and King Canute, and Harthacnut.

So pause the video here, give yourself enough time to write one paragraph to explain how England came to be ruled by Vikings as well as Anglo-Saxons.

And press play when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example? So your answer may have included, King Ethelred became the sixth Anglo-Saxon King in 978 CE.

His reign lasted until 1013 when Sweyn Forkbeard, the king of Denmark, came to contest the throne.

Sweyn Forkbeard became the first Viking king of England in 1013.

But sadly, he died in 1014.

Ethelred returned as King of England from 1014 to 1016.

After his death, Sweyn's son, Canute, was the first to contest the throne.

Ethelred's son, Edmund Ironside, made a truce with Canute, where they agreed to divide the kingdom between the Anglo-Saxons and the Vikings.

Canute's son, Harthacnut, was the last Dane to rule England.

Well done for completing that learning task.

Now, before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about changing rulers in the 11th century.

Ethelred was the sixth Anglo-Saxon King following Athelstan.

And his reign was not easy, as Viking raids increased across England.

In 1013, Sweyn Forkbeard was the first Viking to become king of England.

However, he died in 1014.

Sweyn's son, Canute, was the next to contest the throne of England, and he divided the kingdom with an Anglo-Saxon, Edmund Ironside.

Canute became king of England, Norway, and Denmark.

His son, Harthacnut, succeeded him in 1035 and became the last Dane to rule England.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson today.

I hope to see you in the next one.

See you next time.