Hi everyone, my name is Ms. Panchal and I'm so excited and glad you joined me on this science lesson.

So our lesson today is going to be focusing on changing states and we are going to be thinking about the change between a guess and then to a liquid.

So this lesson is part of our bigger unit of learning on the introduction to States of Matter and Changing States.

So we've got lots of learning to do in our lesson today.

So let's get started.

So the outcome for our lesson today is, I can observe water change from a gas state to a liquid state when it is cooled.

So that's the main change that we're going to be focusing on in our lesson today.

So we're going to come across these keywords in our lesson.

So we've got gas, state, liquid, water vapour and condensation.

So what I'd like you to do is pause the video here and with your talk partner, take it in turns, to read out the definitions of these keywords.

Once you've done that, I'd like you to click play and then we'll start the lesson.

Off you go.

Brilliant reading everybody.

Well done.

So our lesson today is split up into two parts.

The first part of our lesson is going to be focusing on water and condensation.

And then the second part of our lesson is going to be focusing on observing condensation.

So let's get on with the first part of our lesson.

So, "Izzy walks past the local park each morning.

"One morning she notices that the grass is wet." Izzy says, "It hasn't been raining, "so why is the grass wet?" Do you know why? And where has the water come from? So pause the video here, have a little think on your own in your head, and then I'd like you to share your answers and your thoughts with your partner.

So do you know why the grass is wet.

and where has the water come from? Did you get similar ideas to your partner or maybe you got some different ones.

So have a little think.

Brilliant ideas, everybody, well done.

So the grass is wet because it is covered in dew.

Now dew forms when water in gas state in the air changes into liquid water on a blade of grass.

Then Alex says, "I can't remember the name "of water in the gas state." Can you remember? Think really, really hard.

Can you remember the name of water in the gas state? Say it out for me.

Brilliant.

It is water vapour.

So water in the gas state is called water vapour.

Super job everybody.

Do you know any features of gases? So we know that gases are often invisible, but do you know anything else or any other features of gases? Have a think on your own in your head.

Brilliant everyone.

So we know that gases are often invisible, but we also know that gases spread out to fill the container they are in and take the shape of the whole container.

But we also know that gases don't have a fixed shape or volume.

And if their container is not sealed, gases can escape and spread out.

So unless the container is sealed, actually the gas is going to escape into the air and spread out.

Gases can also flow even though we can usually not see them doing so.

We can see water in the solid state as ice or snow.

And this is an example of water in its solid state, and we've got snow here.

We can see water in the liquid state.

We can see pouring water in its liquid state here.

Water vapour, which is water in the gas state is invisible so we cannot see it.

That's why we've spoken about previously how understanding water vapour can be a little bit tricky because we are not able to see it or touch it.

So water vapour turns into liquid water when it is cooled, and we can see an example of dew on the plant here.

But Izzy says, "But why did the dew form? "I thought you had to put things in a fridge or freezer "to cool them." The grass cold during the night when there was no sunshine to keep it warm.

And in the morning the surface of the grass was colder than the air around it.

And when the water vapour in the air touched the cold grass, it cooled down and turned into liquid water.

So let's talk through that a little bit again.

So Izzy has asked, "But why did the dew form?" So we know that water vapour turns into liquid water when it's cooled, but Izzy's thought thinking, "I thought that you had to put things "in the fridge or freezer to cool them." But actually that's not the case.

The grass cool during the night when there was no sunshine to keep it warm.

So the temperature at nighttime was obviously a lot cooler than the temperature in the daytime.

Because in the daytime we have the sun keeping us warm.

And in the morning the surface of the grass was colder than the air around it.

So the surface of the grass was much colder than the air around it.

And when the water vapour in the air touched the grass, so when that gas touched the grass, it cooled down because the temperature on that grass was actually colder than the air and then it turned into liquid water.

So the temperature on the surface of the grass was colder, meaning the water vapour turned into liquid water.

Alex says, "What is the name of the process "when water changes from gas to the liquid state?" Do you know what it's called? Have a little think with your talk partner.

Brilliant work everyone.

The process is called condensation.

Can you say that for me? Brilliant, well done.

It's quite a long word to remember, but we're going to be learning lots about it today in our lesson.

So we can see water droplets from condensation, when air with lots of water vapour in it touches a cold surface.

An an example of this is water droplets on cold tiles.

Let's do a check of our learning.

When water vapour is called what state change takes place? Is it A, from gas state to liquid state? Is it B, from gas state to liquid state? Or C, from liquid state to gas state? What do we think is the correct answer? Brilliant work, everyone.

The answer is A.

So from gas state to liquid state.

Let's do another question to check our learning.

What is the name of the process when water changes from the gas state to the liquid state? Is it A, freezing? B, condensation? Or C, melting? Which do we think is the correct answer? Brilliant job everyone.

The answer is B, condensation.

Let's move on to the first task of our lesson today.

So I would like you to answer the following questions to show your understanding of condensation and water.

So question one says, what state change happens during condensation? Question two is, what are the features of water in the gas state? And question three is, what causes condensation of water vapour to occur? So we've got three questions for you to answer here.

So what I'd suggest you do is actually go over the last few slides we've gone through in the lesson today just to go over the learning before you have a go at answering the questions.

Now, when answering the questions, you can write your answers down in a paragraph or you might want to record yourself talking about your understanding of condensation and water.

Now I'm gonna give you a little bit of an extra challenge here, and what I'd like you to do is work really hard to include key words in your answers.

For example, using the word state, using the word gas, using the word liquid, water vapour, condensation.

So if you need to, go back to the keyword slide at the beginning of the lesson, and I want you to work really hard to try and use those words in your answers.

Now pause the video here, have a go at these questions and then we'll talk through some example answers really soon.

Off you go.

Brilliant work everybody, well done.

And I can already see how hard you have worked to include all of those keywords in your writing, I'm so impressed.

So here are some example answers.

So for number one, during condensation, water changes from the gas state to the liquid state.

Question two, in the gas state, water will fill the container it is in and takes the shape of the whole container.

It is invisible and would escape from an open container and water vapour can flow.

Question three, condensation takes place when water vapour is cooled.

So did you get these answers as well or did you get some slightly different ones? But well done for having a good go everybody.

And as I said, I can see you've worked really hard to include lots of keywords in your answers.

Super job everybody.

So let's move on now.

So with the beginning parts of our lesson focused on water and condensation separately.

So we're now going to be thinking about observing condensation, and we can do that now, now that we have an understanding of what condensation is.

So when condensation occurs, we say that the gas condenses, so we can see an example here of the water vapour gas cloud, and then we can also see the condensation happening and water then being in liquid state.

Is water the only material that can change from the gas state to the liquid state? What do you think? Pause the video here and have a think with your talk partner.

What do you think to what Alex is asking? He's asking, "Is water the only material "that can change from the gas state to the liquid state?" What do you think? Brilliant job, everybody.

So many materials can condense from gas state to liquid states and different materials condense at different temperatures.

So water condenses at a hundred degrees Celsius.

So we can see this diagram here.

So above a hundred degrees Celsius water is in its gas state and between zero degrees Celsius and a hundred degrees Celsius water is in its liquid state.

But Alex is asking what happens below zero degrees Celsius.

And so below zero degrees Celsius water is in its solid state.

So here we've got a diagram to help us understand water in the three different states.

Water in gas states as water vapour.

We've got water in its liquid state, but also water in its solid state as well.

So some materials condense if they are cooled to very low temperatures.

So for example, carbon dioxide condenses at minus 57 degrees Celsius.

Nitrogen condenses at minus 196 degrees Celsius.

And we can change the state of a material from a gas to a liquid by cooling.

Water is a useful material to help us understand condensation because the change of state from water vapour to liquid water occurs at temperatures we experience in our day-to-day lives.

And we can observe water changing from gas state to liquid state when it is cooled.

Can you think of anywhere where you have seen this happening? So pause the video here, have a little think on your own in your head about where you may have seen this happening and then share your ideas with your partner.

And then once you've discussed them with your partner, I want you to share your ideas with the rest of the group.

Did anyone have similar examples to you? Or maybe they had some different ones.

Off you go.

Excellent ideas, everybody, well done.

So Alex says, "Condensation happens "when the water vapour in our bathroom hits the cold tiles." Izzy says, "Water vapour condenses on the inside "of our cold windows in winter." And Sam says, "Water vapour condenses on the inside "of our cold saucepan lids "when we boil water on the cooker." What do you observe happening in each of these cases? So pause the video here and I'd like you to look really carefully at these three examples.

What do you observe happening in each of these cases? If you need to come up a little bit closer to the screen so you can see more closely, what do you observe, so what can you see with your eyes happening in each of these cases? Excellent observations, everyone, well done.

So in all these cases, small droplets of water form on the core surface.

So in these three examples, we can see in the images that we can see lots of small droplets of water and they're formed on the cool surface.

Let's do a check of our learning.

What do we do to change the state of the material? Do we A, change its colour? B, change its container? Or C, change its temperature? Which one do you think is correct? Brilliant job.

The answer is C, change its temperature.

Let's do another question to check our learning.

True or false, water cannot be observed changing from gas state to liquid state when cold because water vapour is invisible.

Do we think that's true or false? Have a think back to the learning we've done in our lesson today.

Brilliant.

The answer is false.

But we need to have a little think about why this statement is false.

So pause the video here and if you need to go back over the last few slides to recap on why this statement is false.

Excellent.

So when water from gas state to liquid state, we cannot see the water vapour, but we can observe the liquid water droplets forming on surfaces.

Super job everybody, well done.

So let's move on to the next task.

So I would like you first of all to observe condensation taking place, by either placing a glass of cold water, containing ice, in a warm room or breathing onto a cold mirror.

So explain what is happening in either 1A or 1B.

So when you're explaining, I'd like you to include the following words, water vapour, cools, changes state, condenses or condensation and liquid water.

So choose either A, placing a glass of cold water containing ice in a warm room.

Or B, breathing onto a cold mirror.

And I want you to explain what's happening using those keywords on the screen.

Now pause the video here, have a go at the task.

I do suggest you go over the slides of our lesson today before having a go just to make sure you've got all the learning correct, and then have a go at doing your explanation.

Now you might want to write down your explanation on a piece of paper or you might want to record yourself talking about the different observations.

Off you go.

And I look forward to seeing and hearing your answers.

A brilliant effort everybody, well done.

I know it was quite tricky to include all of those key words in your explanation, but I can see you've worked really hard to do that and I'm so impressed, so a big well done.

So let's take a look at some example answers.

So the first one was place a glass of cold water, containing ice, in a warm room.

So an example answer may have been, at first the cold glass of water had nothing on the surface.

The water vapour in the air cooled when it touched the cold glass and condensed, which means it changed state into liquid water.

Gradually water droplets appeared on the outside and some ran down.

So did you get the same observations? And did you get the same explanation? if you chose the first example, well done everyone.

Now let's have a look at the second example.

So the second example was breathing onto a cold mirror.

So an example answer may have been, at first the mirror had nothing on the surface.

When I breathed onto the mirror, the mirror's surface went foggy and water vapour in my breath cooled when it touched the cold mirror, I couldn't easily see water droplets, but I know the water vapour condensed because the fog was made by lots of tiny water drops.

So which example did you use? Did you get similar answers or did you get a slightly different one? Well done by having a good go everybody.

And I'm so impressed with how you've included so many of those keywords.

So we've now come to the end of our lesson today.

So let's do a recap of our learning.

So we've learned today that water vapour, water in the gas state, turns into water in the liquid state when it is cooled.

The process in which water changes from the gas to the liquid state is called condensation.

Can you say that for me? Brilliant job, everyone.

So condensation was a real key word for our lesson today.

And we can change the state of the gas to a liquid by cooling.

And water can be observed changing from gas state to liquid state when cooled.

So we've done lots of learning today, all about condensation, and I'm so impressed with the work that you've produced, but also how hard you have tried to include lots of keywords in your activities.

Now I hope you have a great rest of the day and I'm sure I'll see you really soon in the next lesson.

Bye-bye.