Good morning.

My name's Mr. Chandrapala, and we're gonna be talking today about the final chapter of the "Strange Case of Dr.

Jekyll and Mr. Hyde." Yes, this morning, we're going to be having a look at chapter 10, Henry Jekyll's full statement of the case.

I'm really looking forward to talking to you about this today, because it's finally the moment where Stevenson allows us to hear from Henry Jekyll himself, and we get to hear about his motivations and how he views himself for the creation of Hyde, whether he views himself to have been truly justified in the creation or whether he understands the evil that he has wrought upon the world.

So today, we're going to be making a judgement on Jekyll's attitude in the opening of chapter 10.

We're gonna be thinking a little bit about how remorseful he is, how conflicted he is, and how he sort of balances the different elements, the different impulses of his character.

To do that, as ever, we have our key words.

Our first key word for today is "conflicted," an adjective which means to be torn by opposing emotions or thoughts, having an internal struggle.

So if we think about that with Jekyll, we see how actually, even though he is an upper class man, a Victorian gentleman, he knows that he has these secret sins, these desires that he struggles to deal with, and he's conflicted between these two elements.

Because of his reputation in society, he chooses to repress, which means to force yourself to control your emotions, your thoughts, your impulses.

He chooses to repress those desires he has to do the things that he knows aren't morally accepted or traditionally accepted in society but he knows he still wants to do.

These things, he feels, are inherent with him.

They are a naturally existing characteristic.

And we'll see actually how he believes that it's not just him, but actually, a whole of society that seems to have this sort of inherent duality.

And part of the issue with his role as a scientist is that he's not sure how to deal with this coexistence, the harmonious existence of different elements within his personality.

This could also mean the coexistence of groups or individuals, but really, today, we're gonna be thinking about the different elements of his personality coexisting together.

And finally, going back to that big question, we'll be thinking about how remorseful, how much deep regret or guilt does he feel for his wrongdoing, how much moral anguish does he feel for what he has done? So to begin with, we're going to start off with a justification for the experimentation provided by Jekyll, the man who we have been looking to understand and see whether we can piece together his existence in any further detail.

To start with, it's worth pointing out that the chapter is titled Henry Jekyll's Full Statement of the Case." Now, I'm going to ask you to pause the video and really think about what that word "statement" means to you.

What predictions can we make based on the use of that word? We have here Jun and Izzy.

Jun points out that police take statements from witnesses and people they believe to be involved in a crime.

And Izzy points out that actually, this is a great idea.

What does that mean then for Jekyll's confession? What do we think this chapter will include? Take a moment for yourselves, and you can either in your group discuss it or jot down your own ideas, your own predictions for what you think may be based in this chapter, based off the inclusion of that word "statement." Some excellent ideas, and I really love the fact that people are really getting into the idea of, okay, if Jekyll is writing a statement, what does that suggest actually about his relation to the crime? Is he someone who has done something morally wrong? I personally look at that word "statement" and think about if you are providing a statement on something, you are often producing what we would call an objective fact, something that we would think is the truth.

Now, the question is, how far do we really believe Jekyll is telling the truth? We're gonna start off by reading chapter 10, and we're gonna read from the start to the line, "I saw for the first time the appearance of Edward Hyde." This chapter opens with Jekyll feeling really conflicted, and we need to identify why that is.

So as you're reading, and whether that is individually and independently or whether that's part of a wider class, I need you to be thinking about why Jekyll feels conflicted using the following questions to aid your ideas.

You'll want to think about what does Jekyll argue about duality? How does Jekyll feel about this dual nature? What does Jekyll do to try to resolve this issue, this fundamental conflict in his nature? And how does Jekyll feel the first time he takes the potion that turns him into Edward Hyde? Pause the video now and start to read through for yourselves, underlining as you go through to find evidence to answer those questions.

Some fantastic annotation there, and I was really pleased to see people really getting into the nuts and bolts of whether Jekyll feels proud of his dual nature or how he feels genuinely conflicted.

I'm always struck by the fact that he talks about how he has this desire to hold his head up high.

He has that imperious desire, and yet also, he knows he has these secret sins.

We're going to do a quick check now to understand why does Jekyll undertake this experimentation in the first place? So we'll go through, as ever, the three options, and you'll need to make a choice for yourself for why you think Jekyll undertakes these experimentations.

Is it A, because he's depressed about his repressed life? Is it B, because he believes a man has a dual nature but is forced to repress one side, he wants to purge that evil side of himself? Or is it C, Jekyll believes he will live an unhappy life if he is not able to express himself truly, purging himself of repression? Take a moment now.

Choose A, B, or C.

And well done to those of you who chose B.

Even though each of these words uses the word 'repression', B is the best choice to use, because actually, he is looking to, he views life as being formed of these compounds, this compound of good and evil.

And he wants to repress that evil side to create something that is entirely evil so that all that can be left for him is the side that is entirely good.

Now, Jun shared his opinion on the opening of this chapter.

And June said, "Dr.

Jekyll discovers the inherent duality within himself, realising the coexistence of good and evil in all humans.

This revelation evokes discomfort as he grapples with the unsettling truth that humanity harbours conflicting impulses.

This internal struggle makes Jekyll a sympathetic character." Now, we're going to pause the video here, and I'd like you to discuss with your partner or by yourselves, to what extent do you agree with Jun's point of view? How far do you think that Jekyll is right, that this coexistence of good and evil exists in all humans? And is he right to say that actually, the internal struggle makes Jekyll a sympathetic character? Pause the video and discuss with your class or take some notes by yourselves, finding evidence to see whether you can support your ideas.

Some really fantastic ideas here.

So pleased to see so many of you going back to text and trying to find evidence that suggests that Jekyll is a sympathetic character.

It's not that he feels entirely proud of what he has achieved initially, but there is a sense that maybe, he doesn't fully understand the ramifications of what he's chosen to do.

Izzy shared her opinion on the opening of this chapter and pointed out, "I agree to a certain extent.

I do think Jekyll seems conflicted in the opening of this chapter, yet it feels like he's trying to justify his experimentation.

He feels like a man making excuses to me." Some really interesting ideas there from Izzy.

And the fact that he's trying to make excuses is something we should consider.

As often, we only make excuses when we know we have done something wrong and we're trying to find a way out of it.

We're trying to find a way of making ourselves seem less guilty for this terrible thing that we've done.

I'm gonna ask you to pause the video again and find three quotations from the opening of this chapter, which would justify Izzy's argument.

So we're trying to support her ideas and substantiate the claim that actually, Jekyll is trying to make excuses.

And even though he is conflicted, that's only agreeable to a certain extent.

Pause the video.

And again, find evidence to support Izzy's view.

So you may have selected the following quotations to support Izzy's ideas.

You may have said that actually, Jekyll points out, "I hid them with an almost morbid sense of shame." The focus there may be on that adjective 'morbid' or that noun 'shame'.

If you feel ashamed of something, you feel like you almost want to reject it, you realise that it doesn't reflect well on yourself.

If something is morbid, it's almost related to death.

This sense of shame is so strong maybe that it feels like he's almost overwhelmed by it.

Then we have that quote, "My scientific studies shed a strong light on this consciousness of the perennial war." Perennial means everlasting, ongoing.

If he's describing that consciousness or his consciousness being a perennial war, that means it's consistently conflicted, fighting between what he knows to be right and what he knows he wants to do, his desires, his urges.

And then finally, "Life would be relieved of all that was unbearable." We're seeing here that he's actually trying to step away.

He's trying to make some sort of way out for himself where he doesn't have to deal with the full ramifications of his choices.

He would be relieved of that manner.

And then he points out, "I've been doomed to such a dreadful shipwreck." It's interesting here, isn't it? The fact that he uses that victimising language.

He creates himself as a victim, that dreadful shipwreck.

You may cast your mind back earlier into the novella where he describes himself as not only chief of sinners but chief of sufferers also when talking with Utterson.

So that moment of the dreadful shipwreck seems to create this pattern that he views himself as a victim.

So really good work so far.

We're now going to have a look at Jekyll's guilt.

So well done.

We're now gonna be reading about Jekyll's guilt, and we're going to read from chapter 10, from the "I must here speak by theory alone" to "And thus, his conscience slumbered." As you're reading, and again, this may be independently or as part of a wider class, you're going to want to consider the following questions and pause to discuss them as you're reading.

So you may want to be thinking about, how does Jekyll describe the evil side of his nature? How was Edward Hyde different to all other humans? You may want to think about that sort of activistic, animalistic language he uses.

You may want to think about why Jekyll chooses to change his will, having made it really clear that he wants to give everything to Hyde initially at the start of the text.

Why does Hyde give Jekyll a sense of freedom? What is it that Hyde allows Jekyll to do or experience that is so wildly different from Jekyll's normal everyday experience? And then finally, how did Jekyll feel when he reflected on the crimes of Hyde? Is he proud? Is he gloating? Or does he feel a sense of shame about them? Pause the video again and start to read.

And as you are reading, discuss in your groups these questions.

Or, if you're just working alone, just underline taking notes for yourselves.

Some fantastic reading skills there.

Really love seeing how many of you were getting actively involved into that debate and starting to debate that idea of whether he feels truly proud of his actions.

And actually, what is Hyde giving him? I love the fact that so many of you were thinking about that Hyde allows him a sense of freedom initially because he's so much younger and because he's an escape from his reputable expectations.

So we're gonna just check our knowledge here, and we're starting off with a true or false.

So true or false for the statement, the public found Hyde to be abhorrent.

They could not come near him without a visible misgiving of the flesh.

Have a think.

Which one do you think is true? Do you think it's true, do you think it's false? We know that it's true that the public did find Hyde to be abhorrent.

They were disgusted by him.

We know that because even at the start of the text, there's that discussion of the fact that there's a sense of deformity to him.

And we're now going to justify that.

So is it option A, all humans are a mixture of good and evil, whereas Hyde was pure evil? Or is it B, Hyde always had a terrifying look on his face, which suggests that he was evil? We know that the statement is true.

Which of those justifications is correct? And well done for those of you who said A, all humans are a mixture of good and evil, whereas Hyde is pure evil.

And we know that because he's often described as a devil.

He's seen as this undiluted, totally concentrated version of the Satanic, because he seems so without remorse in his actions.

So why did Hyde give Jekyll a sense of freedom? Again, we have three options here.

We'll go through each one, and you need to select which option best explains why Hyde gives Jekyll a sense of freedom.

Is option A, unlike other men who would've had to risk their reputation to sin, Jekyll would never be under suspicion for Hyde's crimes? Is it B, Jekyll could commit crimes and blame it on Mr. Hyde? Is it C, Hyde could never be caught for the crimes committed as Jekyll can make him disappear at will? Have a think.

Select your answers.

Well done to those of you who said A.

I could see that there was a real tussle for some of you between maybe A and C, but A is the one that we're going for.

Unlike other men who would have to risk their reputation to sin, Jekyll would never be under suspicion for Hyde's crimes.

So he's always allowed to remain as this Victorian upright gentleman, never having to deal with the sort of moral backlash of his choices.

So we're going to start now by discussing how would you describe Jekyll's attitude in the first half of his statement? We're gonna look at this quote, "And thus his conscience slumbered." So we see that Jekyll saw Hyde as a separate entity, Hyde alone that was guilty, allowing him to sleep in good conscience.

We can see that by the fact that he even talks about his conscience slumbered.

The fact that he's using that sort of detached third person pronoun there, his, when describing his own conscience is really suggesting that actually, he feels separated from his own decision making.

It's also worth saying that that verb 'slumbered' means to sleep, to not having to deal with things in reality.

Jekyll's attitude seems to be self-pitying rather than remorseful.

Notice how earlier, he said that he lived in a dreadful shipwreck.

But also, here says his conscience slumbered.

He doesn't really have to pay attention to what he's doing.

Which one do we feel is more convincing? Do we really believe him when he says that he is in this dreadful shipwreck? So again, a quick check.

True or false for the statement.

Jekyll appears to be remorseful in the opening of chapter 10.

Pause the video and select which option you would go for.

Well done to those of you who said false.

He isn't totally remorseful here.

He doesn't seem believable enough to be remorseful.

And now, we need to think about the justification for our answer.

Is it A, Jekyll seemed to be more distressed contemplating the duality of man rather than the crimes of Hyde? Or is it B, chapter 10 is written as a statement, so Jekyll is addressing his guilt.

Take a second, select A or B, pause the video and unpause when you're ready.

Well done to those of you who said A.

Jekyll does seem to be more distressed contemplating the duality of man rather than the crimes of Hyde.

He remains quite theoretical, potentially because Stevenson was trying to make a comment about what scientists were living or the morals that scientists seemed to live by during this time, that they weren't totally aware of the true ramifications, the consequences of their choices.

So you're going to be having a look at Jekyll's guilt, and you are going to do that by imagining Jekyll is alive and has delivered his part of his statement to a courtroom.

You're now going to practise and take on the role of the prosecution.

So it's your job to highlight how Jekyll lacks remorse for the crimes Hyde has committed.

To do that, I'm going to suggest that you use the sentence starters below to write your summary for the jury.

Initially, you'll say, "Henry Jekyll, I put it to you that you feel no remorse for the crimes committed under the guise of Edward Hyde." You'll then say, "For example, in your statement, you said.

." And you'll provide a quote here to support your idea, going back to chapter 10 and finding the best piece of evidence to show that he doesn't feel remorse.

"This clearly suggests your lack of remorse as.

." And here, you'll explain your quote, paraphrasing it and showing why it shows that he doesn't feel remorse.

"In particular, your use of the word.

." And this is where you choose a specific word that you want to focus from your quote and explain what it specifically shows, really analysing that language.

Pause the video now and have a go at that practise task using those sentence starters to guide you.

Some really fantastic first draughts.

And we're now going to really refine that by using these coaching questions to self-assess our work.

So as you are looking at your partner's work or maybe reviewing your own, have you selected quotations which illustrate Jekyll's lack of remorse? Have you selected one? Have you selected a couple? Have you embedded them within your work? Have you fully justified why this quotation demonstrates a lack of remorse? Have you stayed focused on explaining how it shows that he doesn't truly feel sorry for what he has done? And have you zoomed in on key vocabulary to support your inferences? Have you focused on the key language that Stevenson has included there for Jekyll's work? Pause the video and annotate your work using those questions.

You may have said something like, "Henry Jekyll, I put it to you, you feel no remorse for the crimes committed under the guise of Edward Hyde.

For example, in your statement you said, whilst Hyde, a man who is "alone in the ranks of mankind" and "pure evil" was committing crimes, you "could afford to laugh at suspicion" and your "conscience slumbered." This clearly suggests your lack of remorse as you were fully aware of the horrific crimes your alter-ego committed, but you chose to embrace the inherent coexistence of your good and evil, as long as you were not found out.

In particular, your use of the word "slumbered" implies that you found it easy to separate Hyde's evil from the respectable facade of Henry Jekyll, so easy that you were able to sleep easily at night." So this is a really good answer because we've got multiple quotations there which show Jekyll's lack of remorse.

We've explained it a little to show that he embraces this coexistence of good and evil.

And then we focus on that particular word "slumbered" to show that actually, Jekyll's really comfortable separating the evil of Hyde and the respectability of his own character so that he can sleep easily at night.

So let's summarise Jekyll's presentation in this first half of the case.

Jekyll frames this narrative as a confession, yet he seems remorseless at times.

He doesn't want to take responsibility for the creation of Hyde.

He doesn't want to take responsibility for Hyde's actions.

Jekyll also discusses the challenges of the conflict between the human desires and society's expectations.

And he argues that good and evil coexist in all humans, except for Hyde who he has created and who seems to be a distillation of everything evil in his own nature.

Hyde's existence allowed Jekyll to purge his own inherent evil, but it does unleash it on the rest of society.

You've done really well today.

I've been really impressed.

Hopefully, this has been a really helpful way of experiencing the first half of Jekyll's full statement of the case.

Thank you very much for joining me, and I hope to see you again soon.