Hello and welcome.

Thank you for joining me today.

I'm Mrs. Butterworth and I will be guiding you through the lesson.

And today we are focusing on George Orwell's "Animal Farm," and we are looking at chapter five, which is all about Snowball's expulsion.

So by the end of the lesson, you'll be able to explain the events of chapter five, and you would've begun to consider Napoleon's rise to power.

So let's look at our keywords today that will help us in the lesson.

These are allegiance, collaboration, deception, manipulation, and scapegoat.

So the outline of our lesson looks like this.

We will begin by reading chapter five and looking at a few key parts of that chapter.

Then in the second part of the lesson, we will focus on Napoleon's rise to power and look at how Napoleon is becoming increasingly more powerful.

So let's start by reading chapter five.

So before we do any close reading, let's just read the start of chapter five together.

"As winter drew on, Mollie became more and more troublesome.

She was late for work every morning and excused herself by saying that she had overslept and she complained of mysterious pains, although her appetite was excellent.

On every kind of pretext, she would run away from work and go to the drinking pool where she would stand foolishly gazing at her own reflection in the water.

But there were also rumours of something more serious.

One day, as Mollie strolled blithely into the yard, flirting her long tail and chewing at a stalk of hay, Clover took her aside.

"Mollie," she said, "I have something very serious to say to you.

This morning I saw you looking over the hedge that divides Animal Farm from Foxwood.

One of Mr. Pilkington's men was standing on the other side of the hedge, and I was a long way away, but I'm almost certain I saw this, he was talking to you and you were allowing him to stroke your nose.

What does this mean, Mollie?" "He didn't! I wasn't! It isn't true!" cried Mollie, beginning to prance about and paw the ground.

"Mollie, look me in the face.

Do you give me your word of honour that that man was not stroking your nose?" "It isn't true!" repeated Mollie, but she could not look Clover in the face.

And the next moment she took to her heels and galloped away into the field.

A thought struck Clover.

Without saying anything to the others, she went to Mollie's stall and turned over the straw with her hoof.

Hidden under the straw was a little pile of lump sugar and several bunches of ribbon of different colours.

Three days later, Mollie disappeared.

For some weeks nothing was known of her whereabouts.

Then the pigeons reported that they had seen her on the other side of Willingdon.

She was between the shafts of a smart dog cart painted red and black, which was standing outside a public house.

A fat red-faced man in check breaches and gaiters, who looked like a publican, was stroking her nose and feeding her sugar.

Her coat was newly clipped and she wore a scarlet ribbon around her forelock.

She appeared to be enjoying herself, so the pigeons said.

None of the animals ever mentioned Mollie again." So we're just going to do a quick check to see what you can remember.

So what items were discovered hidden under the straw in Mollie's stall by Clover? Excellent.

Well done.

It's absolutely A, the lump sugar and bunches of ribbon.

So now we're going to read through chapter five again, but this time, we're gonna focus on some key specific details.

So at the start, we get this description of Mollie.

She's troublesome, late for work, overslept, foolishly gazing at her reflection in the water, flirting her long tail.

So what does this tell us about her, but more specifically about her attitude towards the farm? Now interestingly, her behaviour and attitude deviate from the principles of Animalism and the collective spirit of the farm.

We see that she's portrayed as self-indulgent and vain.

You know, she's very self-obsessed, which doesn't really align with this idea of collective responsibility.

Her interest in her appearance and desire for comfort indicate a preference for a life of luxury and an unwillingness to fully embrace the ideals of the animal rebellion.

So it's interesting for Mollie because even before the rebellion, she was really well looked after.

So for her, the rebellion is much more of a sacrifice.

So she doesn't really want to give up her luxuries because for her, she can't really see the benefits.

So what does Clover confront Mollie about in this passage and how does Mollie respond? So we can see that Mollie has been accused of interacting with humans, which we know since the rebellion has been outlawed.

She becomes really defensive.

So this highlights her difficulty with the ideals of the revolution.

So obviously, Mollie wants to be part of the animals' cause because she's an animal herself, but she's really struggling to give up those luxuries and her interactions with humans.

And what is significant about what Clover finds? So we know that Clover finds the lump sugar and the several bunches of ribbons.

So not only does it confirm Mollie's interaction with humans, it shows how she's completely unable to make any sacrifices for the greater good of the farm.

It goes against Animalism and Mollie is willing to compromise the values of the rebellion for comfort.

And we know that these items have also been recognised of tools of oppression.

So initially in chapter two, when the rebellion takes place, the animals get rid of any sign of humanity really.

So anything like clothes, whips, chains, bridles, ribbons, hats, all of that sort of thing are seen as tools of oppression and are got rid of.

And here Mollie is creating her own little stash.

So something else to consider is Orwell's purpose.

So what might Orwell be commenting on through Mollie's actions? So Orwell uses Mollie's character to illustrate how some individuals are easily swayed by personal desires and material indulgences, even if it's at the expense of principles and collective welfare, which reflects Orwell's socialist ideals.

So true or false, Mollie never returns to the farm.

Excellent.

Of course, that's true.

Well done, everyone.

Now let's justify your answer.

So the animals actually never mention her again, which is quite an interesting response.

And perhaps it's a way of them not wanting to confront what Mollie represents, which is that not every single animal is aligned with the ideals of the revolution.

Now we're onto our first practise task and this is going to require you to finish reading the chapter.

So you'll now read from "In January their came" to the end of the chapter, "without further questions." And as you read, pause to answer the following questions.

What are Napoleon and Snowball's key motivators? What are the arguments for the windmill? Where are the signs of democracy on the farm? How did the animals feel after the dogs appeared? How do Sundays change and what does this reveal about the political structure on the farm? What are Boxer's two maxims? And which two events does Squealer alter to vilify Snowball to the animals and why? So pause the video so you can complete your reading and we'll share our answers to the questions shortly.

Well done, everyone.

Excellent reading.

And I heard some fantastic answers to these questions.

So now let's share all our answers so you can check your own work and maybe even add to them if you would like to.

So what are Napoleon and Snowball's key motivators? Well, Napoleon is driven by a desire for control and authority, whereas Snowball seeks to improve the farm and promote the welfare of animals.

So they have very different motivations and they are pitted against each other.

What are the arguments for the windmill? These arguments include that it provides a source of power and progress that will make life easier for the animals by providing electricity and improving their living conditions.

And where are there signs of democracy on the farm? Well, they still have their Sunday meetings and this is where the animals have a platform to express their opinions, vote on issues, and collectively make decisions about the farm's governance.

So those Sunday meetings are a real symbolic element of the farm and they show that the animals still have a say, that there is a sense of kind of collective governance happening there.

How did the animals feel after the dogs appeared? So the appearance of the attack dog instils fear and intimidation among the animals.

They become apprehensive and hesitant to oppose Napoleon's authority.

So the dogs really work and serve their purpose for what Napoleon wants to do, which is to make the animals terrified and ultimately, increase his power.

And then how do the Sundays change and what does this reveal about the political structure on the farm? So as I said, you know, the Sunday meetings are really symbolic in terms of there still being elements of a democratic equal society.

However, they shift from an open democratic gathering to controlled one-way, propaganda sessions where the animals are informed of decisions made by the pigs.

So this change reveals the shift from a more democratic society to an authoritarian one with the pigs consolidating power.

What are Boxer's two maxims? So Boxer can always be heard saying, "I will work harder," and "Napoleon is always right." And these are the maxims that Boxer adopts and that he lives by.

And this shows his unwavering loyalty and his commitment to the leadership.

And then finally, which two events does Squealer alter to vilify Snowball to the animals and why? So Squealer states that Snowball was a criminal and that his role in the battle was exaggerated.

So if you remember when we looked at the Battle of the Cowshed, we have this description of Snowball dashing towards Mr. Jones and the bullets that streak his back.

So we know from the story that actually, Snowball was very present in the battle.

However, Squealer is being used to rewrite that narrative and make Snowball this villain.

And he states that actually, Snowball stole the windmill plans from Napoleon.

Well done, everyone.

We have reached the second part of the lesson.

So now we have read chapter five, we're going to focus on Napoleon and his rise to power.

This is a really significant chapter in kind of consolidating all of those ideas and where we see Napoleon really start to gain complete control.

So in this part of the lesson, the first thing we're going to do is discuss and explore the following quotes.

So the first one is this: "The skull of Old Major, now clean of flesh, had been disinterred from the orchard and set up on a stump at the foot of the flagstaff, beside the gun." So here are some questions to help you with your discussion.

Major's skull is reduced to bone.

What is the metaphorical significance of this? Why is the position of the skull important? And finally, how does this link to the use of military imagery throughout the chapter? You may wish to pause the video to give yourself some time to think and discuss your ideas.

Excellent discussion.

So let's just share our ideas on those questions.

So this Major's skull and how is it significant? So it shows how the animals are slowly moving away from Old Major's principles.

It also represents the gradual decline in the ideals and principles of equality.

The revolution is decaying.

So this idea that Old Major represented the idealistic utopian ideals of the revolution and now we're just left with his skull, we're left with the bare bones of something that was first suggested.

And the position of the skull could be seen as a form of propaganda and manipulation by the pigs.

So they're kind of using Old Major's memory to justify their own authority and control over the animals.

And then this military imagery.

So it symbols the farm's transition into an authoritarian regime with centralised power and the potential use of force.

So it is becoming more and more controlled.

Now let's look at this quote.

"Nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn." So who are these dogs? What do the collars symbolise and why are they so significant? And what does this tell us about how Napoleon is gaining power? Again, you may want to pause the video just to give yourself time to think and discuss your ideas.

Great, let's share these ideas.

So who are the dogs? So if you remember, these dogs were taken from Jessie and Bluebell and raised to become Napoleon's loyal enforcers and guard dogs.

And these collars are really, really significant.

So they show that the dogs belong to Napoleon, which completely goes against the idea of equality.

And if we remember, after the initial rebellion, items like collars were seen as the mark of a human being and they were completely outlawed.

And now actually, Napoleon is using these tools for his own gain, which goes against everything the animals first believed in.

And then finally, we can see how Napoleon is gaining power by using fear and violence.

He's totally scaring these animals into submission and he's enforcing a totalitarian regime.

So what does the arrival of the nine dogs with brass-studded collars symbolise? Absolutely, it's the rising power and control of the pigs, particularly Napoleon.

And if we look here at C where it says the successful eradication of symbols of the animals' oppression, the collars are actually the opposite of this.

So where they sought to eradicate the symbols of oppression, here Napoleon has actually just brought them back for his own gain.

We are onto our final practise task.

So I want us to think about Napoleon's journey and his rise to power from chapter two to five.

He uses a number of strategies to gain complete control.

What I would like you to do is I would like you to plot them on the line graph and find an example for each.

So here is the line and you can see it goes to the end of chapter five.

These are the things you might want to consider.

So the use of propaganda, scapegoating, culture of fear, rewriting historical narratives, and drawing on the memory of Old Major.

I will give you an example before you get started.

Here's the example.

So I've chosen the use of propaganda, which we see way back in chapter two and this idea that could turn black into white.

So Napoleon uses Squealer to disseminate messages.

So that's one of the first strategies he utilises to gain power.

Now it's over to you to complete the rest of the line graph.

So pause the video and I can't wait to see what you come up with.

Well done, everyone.

I heard some really interesting ideas coming through.

It's fascinating, isn't it? When we think about how quickly Napoleon has managed to rise to power and gain control, successfully utilising all of these strategies.

It's a very, very clever form of manipulation and control.

So let's look at some answers.

You may have something different, which is totally fine.

You may wish to steal some of these for your own line.

So the first example I've got here is obviously the use of propaganda, which we looked at previously.

Then we've got this culture of fear.

And Napoleon uses the dogs to terrorise the animals.

And the way he draws on the memory of Old Major.

So he uses his skull as a continual reminder of the principles of Animalism.

And this is clever 'cause we know how much the animals respect Old Major.

So Napoleon is still linking to that to kind of gain that respect.

Rewriting historical narratives.

So we know that Napoleon states that the windmill was his own creation and we know that he's now being accused of siding with the humans in the Battle of the Cowshed, which is false.

And this is a really clever way of being able to trick the animals into believing other stories.

And then finally, we get this scapegoating of Snowball.

So they talk about him being a dangerous character and a bad influence.

So they're scapegoating Snowball in order to make themselves look better.

Well done, everyone.

We have made it to the end of the lesson.

Some really fantastic work happening there.

So I've been so impressed with your contributions.

So there has been a lot today in this lesson.

So let's just remind ourselves of everything that we have learned.

So we have learned that Mollie leaves the farm unable to fully sacrifice her comforts for the sake of Animalism.

Snowball advocates for the building of a windmill to which Napoleon initially opposes.

Napoleon's dogs represent the corruption of ideals and the culture of fear used to gain power.

Snowball is violently chased away and used as a scapegoat.

And that finally, propaganda takes the form of rewritten historical narratives.

So a very well done for today.

I have been so impressed by all of your contributions.

I really hope to see you all again soon.

Thank you again and goodbye.