Hello, welcome and thank you for joining me today.

I'm Mrs Butterworth and I will be guiding you through the learning.

Today's lesson focuses on chapter six of "Animal Farm," and it's entitled "Working like Slaves," which doesn't sound too good for the animals in the story.

So let's find out what happens.

So by the end of the lesson, you'll be able to explain the events of Chapter six in "Animal Farm." So before we begin, let's just look at a few key words that will help us as the lesson progresses.

These are manipulate, compliance, disillusionment, and authoritarian.

So the outline of our lesson today looks like this.

So for the first part, we will be reading chapter six, and then we will move on to discuss chapter six in a little bit more detail.

So, let's get started with reading that chapter.

So before we do any close reading, let's just read the start of the chapter together.

All that year the animals worked like slaves.

But they were happy in their work; they grudged no effort or sacrifice, well aware that everything that they did was for the benefit of themselves and those of their kind who would come after them, and not for a pack of idle, thieving human beings.

Throughout the spring and summer they worked a 60 hour week, and in August, Napoleon announced that there would be work on Sunday afternoons as well.

This was strictly voluntary, but any animal who absented himself from it would have his rations reduced by half.

Even so, it was found necessary to leave certain tasks undone.

The harvest was a little less successful than in the previous year, and two fields which should have been sown with roots in early summer were not sown because the ploughing had not been completed early enough.

It was possible to foresee that the coming winter would be a hard one.

The windmill presented unexpected difficulties.

There was a good quarry of limestone on the floor and plenty of sand and cement had been found in one of the outhouses, so that all the materials for building were at hand.

But the problem the animals could not at first solve was how to break up the stone into pieces of suitable size.

There seemed no way of doing this except with picks and crowbars, which no animal could use, because no animal could stand on its hind legs.

Only after weeks of vain effort did the right idea occur to somebody- namely, to utilise the force of gravity.

Huge boulders far too big to be used as they were, were lying all over the bed of the quarry.

The animals lashed ropes around these and then altogether, cows, horses, sheep, any animal that could lay hold of the rope, even the pigs sometimes joined in at critical moments.

They dragged them with desperate slowness up to the top of the quarry where they were toppled over the edge to shatter to pieces below.

Transporting the stone when it was once broken was comparatively simple.

The horses carried it off in cartloads, the sheep dragged single blocks, even Muriel and Benjamin yoked themselves into an old governor's cart and did their share.

By late summer, a sufficient store of stone had accumulated, and then the building began, under the superintendence of the pigs.

What was the animals' response to working on Sunday afternoons? Well done to everyone that said A.

Absolutely right, Napoleon made it impossible for the animals not to volunteer due to the halving of rations.

And again, this really shows how clever those pigs are because ultimately they're putting the animals in an impossible position.

They can't refuse to do the voluntary work because they need to eat.

So let's delve into chapter six in a little bit more depth.

So we've got this interesting language technique here.

"The animals worked like slaves." Do you know what technique Orwell is using here? And what does it suggest about the revolution? So Orwell is using a simile.

So we've got the use of the word "like" so it's a simile and it shows how the animals are now working very hard and enduring hardship.

And it's very similar to how they worked under human rule.

So that comparison is really powerful in showing how the animals are working just as hard as they were under Mr. Jones.

And it also reveals that the revolution is not living up to its promise of freedom.

These animals are compared to slaves.

So now let's just focus on the language in this section.

Have a look at the highlighted parts.

How does this language reveal the animals' attitude and motivation to work towards their work? So it absolutely highlights the animals' strong sense of purpose and dedication to Animalism.

They have a positive attitude as they believe so strongly in the collective betterment of their lives and those of future animals.

So these animals aren't just working for themselves.

For them, this is about all of the animals around them.

It's about animals on different farms. It's about the animals that are going to be in the future.

So they have this real strong sense of collectivism.

And what that really shows as well is how the pigs' manipulation is working.

It's really clever because not only are the animals working exceptionally hard, but they're also doing it happily.

They almost feel it's their duty to.

They've got such a sense of purpose that they're happy to work like slaves, which really shows how clever the pigs are.

So let's look a little bit further at how the pigs are controlling the animals.

So this work was strictly voluntary, but any animal who absented himself would have his rations reduced by half.

So this tactic manipulates the animals into compliance by making them believe they have a choice.

So it's really clever.

"Oh, the work is voluntary, but you're gonna get half of your food." So even though it is voluntary, the consequence makes it impossible for them to refuse.

So it's a form of control that the pigs employ to maintain authority.

And then there's this construction of the windmill.

Look at the highlighted part.

Why is it so difficult for the animals to construct the windmill? So they actually lack the physical capability and tools to break up the large stones.

So they need picks and crowbars and they actually can't use these.

So it really serves to emphasise their non-human status and highlights how the animal's lack of human attributes can be a hindrance in certain activities.

So it reminds us of the animals' limitations and their struggle to adapt to tasks that were previously carried out by humans.

And then let's look at the pigs again.

What role did they play in helping to break up those large quarry stones? And why is their involvement significant? Now again, we see the pigs being very clever because it shows that they join in and they sometimes join in at critical moments.

So it shows that they have a choice when they work, and the fact that they join in at critical moments suggest they choose to work when it has the most impact, when they're going to seem to be doing the best part or the most work.

So again, it's those pigs being incredibly clever.

And then again, this final part here, "Building began under the superintendence of the pigs." So what does this tell us about the hierarchy and the role of the pigs? Yes, absolutely, it shows that the pigs have higher status and will manage and oversee the animals' work rather than conducting the labours themselves.

So they are positioning themselves away from the animals that are working.

Okay, let's answer this question.

Which sentence best describes the events and atmosphere at the start of chapter six? Well done, so it's interesting because in spite of the extra work, the animals are happy, but there is a sense of foreboding with the forthcoming winter.

So this is really interesting because we would just assume that the animals at this point are really miserable with all the working that they're doing.

But they're not, they're happy.

They do it begrudgingly and Orwell has done this to really emphasise how the pigs have almost brainwashed the animals into believing in this revolution so much that they're happy to sacrifice their freedom, their lives.

So it's a really interesting thing to think about.

Okay, so we're onto our first practise task and it's over to you to do some reading.

So I would like you to read from, "But it was a slow.

." to the end of the chapter, "Long Live Animal Farm!" As you are reading, pause and discuss the following questions.

How does Napoleon plan to get supplies which the animals cannot produce? Who is Mr. Whymper? Where do the pigs start to sleep? And why is this significant? How does Clover react to the pigs breaking the seven commandments? And what does this suggest? In this chapter, a commandment is doctored to include the additional clause "with sheets." Why are the animals unable to challenge this change? And finally, what is the significance of pronouncing the death sentence upon Snowball? Pause the video, read the chapter, and I look forward to hearing the answers to those questions.

Well done everybody.

I hope you enjoyed reading that chapter as much as I did, although it is hard to see the animals being manipulated in such a way and all the hard work that they are putting in.

So let's run through these questions.

So how does Napoleon plan to get supplies which the animals can produce? So Napoleon plans to get supplies through trade with humans, specifically the neighbouring farms. So this is really interesting and it marks a significant shift from the original principles of Animalism, which initially prohibited any interactions with humans.

So we're seeing this gradual decline and erosion of the original principles of Animalism.

So who is Mr. Whymper? Mr. Whymper is that human solicitor who negotiates for the pigs, and his name is really interesting.

So it suggests his role as a mediator and the pigs' is willing to compromise.

Where do the pigs start to sleep and why is this significant? So they start sleeping in the farmhouse beds and this again symbolises their growing resemblance to the oppressive humans they rebelled against.

It also shows their continued violation of the seven commandments.

How does Clover react to the pigs breaking the seven commandments, and what does this suggest? So Clover is a really loyal and perceptive horse, and she reacts with a sense of unease and concern.

So she recognises the corruption and betrayal of the pigs and is worried about the direction in which the farm is headed.

And her reaction shows the emerging disillusionment of the working class animals.

And Clover's reaction is interesting, isn't it? Because she can see that something isn't right, but she is so loyal and probably very afraid that she isn't able to challenge the pigs.

Question five, a commandment is doctored to include the additional clause "with sheets." Why are the animals unable to challenge this change? So they're unable to challenge because they are illiterate, which means most of them cannot read.

And the pigs have purposely done this to maintain control over information and knowledge.

So they are able to control the animals because they don't fully understand what is happening.

And what is the significance of pronouncing the death sentence upon Snowball? So this allows Napoleon to consolidate his power and also eliminate a potential rival in Snowball.

It solidifies Napoleon's authoritarian rule and further highlights the corruptions of the original ideas of the animal rebellion.

If we remember at the start, Old Major made it quite clear that killing or harming any other animal was not allowed.

And here we see Napoleon threatening that which also emphasises his use of fear and terror to maintain control.

We are now on to the second part of our lesson.

So now we have read chapter six, we can discuss some of the key parts within that chapter.

So in a moment we're going to look at some quotes along this arrow.

I want you to discuss what links these quotes and what do they tell us about the revolution and the pigs' power? "Those ribbons that you are so devoted to are the badge of slavery." The bits, the nose rings, the dog-chains, were thrown onto the rubbish fire, which was burning in the yard.

So were the whips." "How they toiled and sweated to get the hay in!" "A pig walking behind and calling out, "Gee up, comrade!" "Enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn." "The animals worked like slaves." So, pause the video and discuss what links these quotes and what do they tell us about the revolution and the pigs' power? Well done some excellent discussions going on there.

Let's just share some of our ideas.

So what links these quotes? So we can see these two quotes are linked because they link to the idea of slavery and emphasise how the animals are treated.

And again, the motive of slavery is repeated in Chapter six.

The oppression of the animals is being repeated.

So we can see here how Orwell is really emphasising how everything is just really similar to working under Jones.

Then these two quotes.

So if you remember, initially, whips, chains, nose bits, rings, they were all burnt in chapter two because they represented these physical symbols of oppression, so they were rejected and destroyed.

But in Chapter five, we see that Napoleon is using these same tools to control the dogs.

And then these two quotes.

So we know that the animals are working just as hard, if not harder in the new regime.

And then that final simile, which we discussed earlier, is about linking to the intense labour the animals are undertaking, which isn't what the revolution promised.

And finally, this quote shows that the pigs are stepping into the role that they expelled Mr. Jones from.

They're hitching themselves to the back of other animals and shouting commands at them.

So again, this idea of revolution and freedom and equality is slowly becoming more and more distorted.

True or false time.

So the symbols of oppression such as nose rings and dog chains are burnt and never used again.

True or false? Well done everyone.

I heard a lot of people saying false.

So that is fantastic.

Okay, now let's justify your answer.

Excellent, well done to everyone that said B.

So Napoleon uses brass-studded collar on the dogs to assert his power and control again.

And again, this really powerful symbol of brass-studded collars shows how Napoleon is actually using those tools of oppression from the human days to give himself power and control.

We are onto our final practise task.

So well done everybody.

So this task is all about consolidating everything we've learned about Chapter six and its role in the novella as a whole.

So what you are going to do is you're going to complete the sentences summarising Chapter six.

So let's just read through those sentences together first.

So at the start of the chapter the Animals are described as? Orwell uses this language to emphasise suggesting that the revolution.

Despite difficulties, the animals are working hard to? The pigs violate the commandments by? Squealer is used to? And finally, Snowball is blamed, which allows the animals to.

so pause the video and complete those sentences.

I look forward to seeing your answers in a moment.

Well done everyone.

I could hear you all working incredibly hard.

So now let's just share some answers.

So this is one that I have come up with.

You may have something slightly different, which is absolutely fine.

You may want to use some of the answers here to add to your own sentences.

So let's just read through together.

At the start of the chapter the Animals are described as working like slaves.

Orwell uses as language to emphasise the hardship and depression the animals are experiencing, suggesting that the revolution is not working as intended.

Despite difficulties, the animals are working hard to build the windmill.

The pigs violate the commandments by sleeping in the farmhouse beds and making deals with Mr. Whymper, who is human.

Squealer is used to manipulate and control the animals.

Snowball is blamed, which allows the animals to redirect their anger and confusion away from the pigs.

Well done everyone.

We have reached the end of the lesson and you have all worked incredibly hard, so thank you for that.

It's so interesting, isn't it, looking at how these pigs continue to rise in power and gain control.

I find it both fascinating and incredibly shocking.

So let's just remind ourselves of what we have learned today.

So we have learned that the motif of slavery is used to illustrate the plight of the animals.

The pigs violate the commandments by moving into the farmhouse and making deals with Mr. Whymper, who is human.

The pigs doctor the commandments.

Squealer uses rhetoric to convince the animals that life is better than under Jones.

The revolution is not as idealistic as initially promised.

Thanks again everyone, and I really look forward to seeing you again for another lesson, goodbye.

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