Lesson video

Hi there, welcome to your lesson.

Today's lesson is on the conduct of performers.

My name's Miss Hacking and I'm really looking forward to being your teacher today.

By the end of today's lesson, I'm hoping that we can all describe and give examples of both sportsmanship and gamesmanship and explain how athletes should follow the contract to compete.

Today's keywords are etiquette, which is a convention or unwritten rule in an activity and is not an enforceable rule, but it is usually observed.

So something like playing fairly is an example of showing good etiquette.

Sportsmanship means conforming to the rules, spirit and etiquette of a sport.

Gamesmanship is attempting to gain an advantage by bending the rules to their limit but not actually breaking them.

And a contract to compete is an unwritten agreement to follow an abide by the written and unwritten rules.

Today's lesson is split into three parts.

In the first part, we're going to explain sportsmanship using examples.

And in the second part, we're going to explain gamesmanship using examples.

The final part of today's lesson, we're going to look at the contract to compete and we're gonna look at examples of how this can be used in sport.

Let's get started.

So, engaging in sport goes beyond the physical activity, so not just about developing those components of fitness.

It also requires demonstrating good etiquette through respect, fair play, teamwork and a positive attitude towards both teammates and opponents.

So not just being nice to the people on your team, but also showing that respect and fair play to everyone involved, whether that's the officials, the referees or the spectators as well.

I wonder if you can think of a time when you demonstrated positive attitude towards both your teammates but also the opposition.

However, sometimes the desire to win can overshadow these values leading to negative behaviour that can disregard the rules and respect for others involved in the game.

I wonder if you've ever seen anyone demonstrating negative behaviour in sport that doesn't always follow the etiquette of how sport should be played.

So sportsmanship is conforming to the rules, spirit and etiquette of a sport and sportsmanship is a positive thing.

It emphasises the respect for everyone involved in the sport, the opponents, the referee, teammates, coaches and spectators.

It's important to show the respect for everyone involved.

I wonder if you've demonstrated any examples of sportsmanship when you've played sport.

Some examples of sportsmanship include: Respecting officials even when decisions do not go your way.

This can be hard if you feel that the referee or the umpire are not making the correct decisions, but showing good sportsmanship would be always respecting the referee's decision so that the game can be played fairly.

Shaking hands with an opponent after the game really demonstrate sportsmanship by showing respect for the other person competing, whether you won or whether you lost.

Helping an injured opponent up when they fall.

For example, in football, if you have possession of the ball and you notice that there's a player from the opposite team on the floor with an injury, you may choose to kick the ball out of the sidelines so the player can be seen to and kept safe.

Now you are showing sportsmanship there because you could have taken the ball and gone and scored, but instead you are looking out for their health and safety of another athlete.

Apologising when a ball hits a net but goes over in tennis.

Now I'm sure if you've played tennis before, you know how annoying it is when someone is aiming to do a really hard shot right to the back of the court.

However, it gets caught on a net and then it just trickles over the net, which means that you can't return it because you've moved backwards and you're not able to get to the front in time because it was a bit of a dodgy shot.

Now if that was to happen, the person who hit that shot, they weren't intending to hit it like that and that's what happened.

So therefore they should always apologise for that shot because it wasn't an intentional shot.

In rugby union, a way they show sportsmanship at the end of the game is they create a tunnel and this is a tunnel for the opposition to pass under.

Now as the opposition is passing under it, the players create a tunnel will clap and cheer and congratulate the other team whether they won or lost on their performance in today's match.

And also being a gracious winner so not gloating if they win and not belittling the losing person or the losing team if they win shows really good examples of sportsmanship.

Okay, let's have a go to question.

True or false.

Shaking hands with an opponent after a match is an example of sportsmanship.

That's right, it's true, can you tell me why? Shaking hands with an opponent after a match demonstrates sportsmanship by showing respect and appreciation for their effort regardless of their outcome.

Well done if you put something along those lines.

Okay, let's have another go to question.

Which is not an example of sportsmanship? Is it A, creating a tunnel after a rugby union game? Is it B, shaking hands with an opponent after the game? Is it C, grunting in tennis? Or is it D, helping an injured player? That's right, it's C grunting in tennis.

Now grunting in tennis is what tennis players use to try and put off their opponent.

You may have seen it happen in elite sport.

The tennis player when they hit the ball will make a really loud grunt or shriek and they do this to try and put the opposition off.

So the louder they go, the more likely they will put the opposition off.

So this is actually an example of gamesmanship.

It is negative, it is not an example of sportsmanship.

So well done if you spotted that.

Okay, now it's your turn for a practise.

For this task, it's split into three parts and for the first part I'd like you to define sportsmanship.

For the second part of this task, I'd like you to give a sportsmanship example, and for the third part, using a different sporting example, I'd like you to explain why sportsmanship is important.

You may wish to pause a video now to give you time to answer these questions.

Okay, you are asked to define sportsmanship.

I'm hoping that you've wrote something along these lines.

Sportsmanship is conforming to the rules, spirit and etiquette of sport.

For the second part of the task, you are asked to give a sportsmanship example and you could have used any of the following: Respecting officials even when decisions do not go your way.

Shaking hands with an opponent after the game.

Apologising when the ball hits a net but goes over in tennis.

Or creating a tunnel for the opposition to pass under after a rugby union game.

Using a different sporting example, you are asked to explain why sportsmanship is important in sport.

So you may have written a footballer may choose to kick a ball out play when they spot an injured opposition player on the pitch.

Despite the footballer having possession of the ball and potentially scoring, they have prioritised the health and safety of an opposition player.

This acts of sportsmanship is important because it demonstrates respect, compassion and fair play.

This strengthens the integrity of the game and builds mutual respect between teams. It reminds players, coaches and fans that while winning is a goal, respect and empathy for others are central values in sports, making experience meaningful for everyone involved.

So I'm hoping that you've highlighted that sportsmanship demonstrates respect and fair play.

So whatever example you've used as long as you've put something along those lines, you will have got that correct.

Well done.

Okay, we are now going to move on to the second part of today's lesson where we explain gamesmanship using examples.

Now some people sometimes get sportsmanship and gamesmanship a bit muddled, but all you need to remember is that sportsmanship is positive and gamesmanship is negative.

So gamesmanship is attempting to gain an advantage by bending the rules to their limit but not breaking them.

Gamesmanship is a negative approach that prioritises personal advantage over respect for the opponent.

It focuses on then themselves gaining as much advantage as they can in order to win.

Now it's important to note that gamesmanship isn't actually illegal, they're not actually breaking any of the rules, but morally or ethically it is maybe wrong because it doesn't always fit in to the etiquette of the sport.

I wonder if you can think of any gamesmanship examples that you may have seen in elite sport.

Examples of gamesmanship include: Grunting in tennis like we've already discussed, shrieking or grunting really loudly when you hit the ball to try and put off the opposition.

Sledging in cricket, this is where the wicket keeper or the fielding team will say negative things to the batter as they're about to hit the ball.

This might try and get a psychological edge over the batter so that they put pressure on the batter to hit it and if they don't they might miss and get out so the fielding team would get an advantage.

Time wasting when your team is winning.

This might happen in, for example, hockey or netball or football or rugby where a ball has gone out of the sideline and a person getting a ball is on a winning team.

So they take their time getting the ball back to the sideline, or perhaps if there's a free pass, a player might undo and then redo their shoelaces in order to waste time because the result is that they're currently winning.

Another example of gamesmanship would be faking an injury such as diving in football.

This is trying to manipulate the referee so that you would get a free kick or a free penalty, which gives you an advantage and more chance of being able to score more points.

Again, similar to sledging in cricket, trying to get in the head of another athlete might then negatively affect that opposition's performance.

So that's why people might do that in order to get an advantage by bending the rules.

Okay, let's have a go to check.

True or false? Gamesmanship supports the positive values and etiquette of sport.

It's false, can you tell me why? Yeah, gamesmanship does not support the positive values of sport as it encourages the bending of the rules to gain advantage for oneself.

So it's about you or your team trying to gain that advantage to win and ignoring the etiquette and the respect and fair play of sport itself.

Well done if you wrote that.

Okay, now it's your turn to have a go at a practise task.

For the first part of the task, I'd like you to identify whether the examples below are sportsmanship or gamesmanship.

You just need to write an S or a G after each example.

So, the first one is accepting all official decisions without arguing.

Pulling on an opponent's shirt when the referee can't see you.

Coughing when someone is about to hit a shot, for example, in golf or tennis, letting faster players go through if you're holding them up in golf.

Appealing for a sideline hit even though you know you touched it last.

Taking an injury break in tennis when you aren't actually injured.

Blocking people in a cycling race causing them to lose speed.

And for the second part of the task, I'd like you to explain the similarities and differences between sportsmanship and gamesmanship.

You may wish to pause a video now to give yourself time to complete the task.

Okay, for the first part of the task, you are asked to identify whether the examples below are sportsmanship or gamesmanship.

Accepting all official decisions without arguing is sportsmanship because it's positive.

Pulling on an opponent's shirt when the referee can't see you is an example of gamesmanship 'cause you are trying to bend the rules to gain advantage over that opposition of the person whose shirt you're pulling.

Coughing when someone is about to hit a shot is an example of gamesmanship.

Letting faster players go through if you're holding them up in golf is sportsmanship.

Appealing for a sideline hit even though you touched it last is gamesmanship as you're trying to manipulate the referee and you're trying to lie about who it actually came off so that you can potentially get the throw and therefore have an advantage.

Taking an injury break in tennis when you aren't actually injured again is gamesmanship.

For example, if your opposition is having a really good flow of serves and therefore you want to break the flow, you might take an injury break in order to break that up so that they come on and they're not as consistent as they were when they came off.

And blocking people in a cycling race causing them to lose speed is an example of gamesmanship as you are trying to keep your advantage and not let them get an advantage by blocking them from overtaking you.

Well done if you've got all of those correct.

For the second part of the task, you are asked to explain the similarities and differences between sportsmanship and gamesmanship.

You may have written something along these lines.

Sportsmanship and gamesmanship are two very different approaches to playing sports, even though they both affect how a game is played.

Sportsmanship is all about showing respect for your opponents, playing fairly and being in good sport.

This helps create a positive atmosphere and builds good relationships with teammates and rivals, rivals are your opponents.

On the other hand, gamesmanship involves using clever tactics to gain an advantage like bending the rules or trying to distract your opponent often focusing more on winning than on fairness.

So I'm hoping that you've said that both sportsmanship and gamesmanship can affect how a game is played, but the main thing to remember is sportsmanship is positive and gamesmanship is negative.

Well done as well if you used any examples to support your answer.

We are now going to move on to the final part of today's lesson.

We're going to look at explaining the contract to compete using examples.

So the contract to compete is something that all people engaging in sport should uphold to ensure fair play and respect within the sport itself, but also with other participants.

The contractor compete is the unwritten but expected rules of sport.

What components do you think would appear on this contract? The contract to compete may include the following unwritten rules: Displaying sportsmanship at all times.

So showing respect and fair play at all times.

Fully complaint with all the rules of the sport.

Showing etiquette to teammates, opponents and officials.

And having a commitment to a level playing field for all competitors.

And what's meant by that is if you think about your school, you are not gonna ask necessarily a year 11 student who is really experienced playing something like rugby to go up against a year seven student who maybe has no experience playing rugby.

So it's about making sure that there is fair groupings and fair leagues and fair competition for all that are taking part.

It is about always trying one's best and again, yes, it's great when we're winning, but also when we are losing as well to ensure that sport is played fairly and it gives everyone the opportunity to push themselves to be the best they can be.

Okay, let's have a go to question.

True or false.

Showing etiquette to teammates, opponents and officials is part of the contract to compete.

That's true, can you tell me why? Showing etiquette to everyone involved in sports develops mutual respect, fair play and sportsmanship and they are all encompass the unwritten rules of sport so they really fit that contract to compete.

Well done if you got that right.

Do you always follow the contract to compete when you play sport? And do elite athletes always follow the contract to compete when they're playing sport? I think if they did, there would be no one that would get sent off or there would be no one that would get a warning or there would be no examples of violence in sport.

So some athletes may actually use deviant behaviour and that does not follow the contract to compete.

You may be able to think of some examples of your own.

Examples of deviance in elite sport include: Taking performance enhancing drugs that's cheating and it is to get an advantage over the competitors in order to win.

Match fixing, bribery and corruption.

Again, athletes here will use deviance so they may purposely lose a match or lose a race in order to receive outside financial gain as a result.

Or like we mentioned earlier, using violence is an example of deviance and that does not follow the contract to compete.

Laura asks, "Is it only the performers that may demonstrate deviant behaviour?" No.

Everyone involved in sport should be abiding by the contractor to compete and this includes officials, spectators, coaches as well as performers.

Okay, let's have a go to question.

Which is not a component of the contract to compete.

Is it A, displaying full gamesmanship at all times? Is it B, fully complying with all the rules? Is it C, showing etiquette to the opposition? Or is it D, commitment to a level playing field for competitors? That's right, it's A, displaying full gamesmanship at all times.

Gamesmanship is a negative thing.

It's bending the rules to gain advantage and that certainly doesn't fit with the contract to compete.

If the answer had said displaying full sportsmanship at all times, then that would be correct because displaying full sportsmanship at all times is within the contract to compete.

So well done if you got that right.

Okay, now it's your turn to have a practise.

Using a practical example of your choice, explain why it is important for an athlete to follow the contract to compete.

You may wish to pause a video now in order to give yourself time to answer this question.

Okay, so you were asked to use a practical example to explain why it is important for an athlete to follow the contract to compete.

You may have said, a professional tennis player competing in a Grand Slam tournament would need to follow the contract to compete by upholding the principles of sportsmanship such as celebrating fair play, they would show respect to their opponent, complying fully with the rules and accepting the umpire's decisions without dispute, demonstrates respect for the sports rules and officials.

Also, showing in etiquette like acknowledging an opponent's winning shot or thanking the crowd reflects mutual respect.

By the athlete giving their best effort, regardless of the score, it enables a commitment to fair competition and a level playing field, which is integral within sport.

So I'm hoping that you've mentioned those key components of the contract to compete such as showing sportsmanship, thanking the crowd, accepting the umpire's decision or the referee's decision, and always having a commitment to a fair competition and a level playing field.

Well done if you mentioned all of those things.

That gives us just enough time to summarise today's lesson.

So a performer should demonstrate positive values embedded in sport like sportsmanship to enable fair play, teamwork, and a positive environment.

However, the intense drive to win can occasionally eclipse these important values through gamesmanship and deviance, leading to negative behaviours that disregard the rules and show a lack of respect for everyone involved in the game.

So remember, sportsmanship is positive and that links nicely to the contract to compete, which suggests that everyone should encompass these values of sport.

However, sometimes with the intense drive to win, negative aspects like deviance and gamesmanship can also impact on performance.

Well done today, you've worked really hard.

I'll look forward to seeing you again soon.