Hi, I'm Mr. Winterbotham, and welcome to our lesson, deciding what is real and what is fake online.

In this video, we are gonna be learning some skills to find out how we can be safer online and how we can tell facts from fiction, real from not real.

So our learning outcome today is I can identify fake news online and guess why it was made.

So we are gonna be having to think carefully, not only about whether something's real or not, but about why someone might have made something which isn't real, so what is their motivation? In our ground rules, we've got listen to others.

No judgement , so don't judge other people, no matter what they think or say.

Respect, privacy, so that means don't reveal something that someone else wouldn't want everyone to know, and think about what you share carefully.

Finally, we've got choose your level of participation.

That means you decide how much you want to join in with this lesson and how much you want to share and talk.

So here are our keywords today.

We've got author, that's the person creating a website or app.

We've got cross reference, which is checking if other people or websites agree, and we've got consequence, that means the result of something happening.

And these words are gonna come up a lot in this lesson, so now you know what they mean, we can use them, hear them, and understand them when they come up.

So just to recap, we've got author, that's the person who's created something, either a website or an app.

We've got cross reference, which means checking that things are real by looking elsewhere.

And we've got consequence, which is what happens, what the result is of something else happening.

And here are our three learning cycles for today, the three parts of our lesson.

We've got number one, can you spot a fake image? So we're gonna be looking at some images and deciding if they're real or fake.

We've got how can we check if something is real? So we're gonna give you some skills for finding out if something is real or not.

And we've got what could happen if we are tricked.

So we're gonna look at some of the consequences of being tricked and understand why it's so important that we are not tricked.

Okay, so learning cycle one, can you spot a fake image? Off we go.

So fake news, this is a word or two words that means that things on the internet that are not true.

So it describes words, pictures, or videos that are not real, things that are fake.

Now, Andeep is pointing out a very good fact here, which is that many people just believe what they read on the internet without thinking carefully, and they'll just accept whatever they see.

And it's really important that we don't just automatically believe things that are online.

So fake news is comment on the internet and we have to be good at spotting it.

And Andeep admitting it that even though he knows fake news exists, he finds it really hard to spot fake news online.

So sometimes fake news can contain fake images, and these images are often created by computers using artificial intelligence or AI.

And we've got an example of a fake image created by artificial intelligence on the page here.

Can you see the elephant? Now, that's not a real elephant.

It was created by a computer.

But there's a lot of things about it that look real.

So to spot a fake, we need to look for tiny details.

Here are some examples of helpful questions we could ask ourselves or other people could ask.

So if we're looking at an image, are people's faces, hands and feet realistic? Do the details look like a normal photo? Does anything seem strange in the photo? Can I find any other photos that look similar if I check? So can I see if this photo's popped up elsewhere? These are really gonna help us.

We'll do some examples and we'll come back to some more rules for spotting fake images later in the lesson.

So I've got a check for you.

I've got a question.

Out of these three images, which ones are real? And which ones are fake? Have a little think about it.

What did you decide? I'll tell the answer.

A is the real image and B and C are both fake.

Did you guess that? Is it obvious? Could you tell? Let's have a look.

It is actually really hard to tell which one is real, and particularly when they're small on the screen, we might just assume that all three of those are real.

There's nothing obvious that glares out at us that makes us think, oh, these might not be real.

There are a few clues though, if we look closer.

So this is a real photograph.

It was taken using a camera.

So there were actually some children in a field of tulips and someone took a photo of it.

So that's real photograph.

Some of the things that help you tell is that there's a lot of details in it.

So for example, if you look at the child's clothing, there's lots of little creases on it.

Those fine details are harder to fake.

Also, nothing looks out of place.

This looks like something that could happen.

It's not an unlikely situation.

So that's another clue.

This image, however, is a fake image.

It was generated by artificial intelligence.

So, was that obvious to you? Could you tell straight away? Let's have a look a little bit more closely.

So there are loads of things about this picture that look realistic.

Their faces look real, their hair is very detailed, their clothes are very detailed and have those creases that I was talking about in the last image.

The flowers are really detailed.

There's even some sunshine in the sky shining down on them.

So it all looks quite realistic.

The only thing that I could spot is that it looks a little bit like they're floating.

The way their feet touch the grass just doesn't quite seem right.

So there was a little bit of a clue, but if you didn't notice, I'm not surprised.

I'm sure a lot of adults wouldn't have noticed it either.

Here's another fake image generated by AI.

Again, quite a realistic picture and even their feet look real.

So unlike the last one where they looked like they were floating, actually these people look like their feet are on the ground or in the grass.

The flowers in particular I think look realistic.

However, if you look really closely, the faces, heads and hands are not quite right.

The way things fit together is a little bit different from how it might be in real life.

But it wasn't easy to spot, was it? Do you think you would've noticed if I hadn't got you to look really closely? I'm not sure if you would've done.

So, it's not always possible to spot something fake using just your eyes.

And AI is getting better all the time, so the fake images that are being produced nowadays are so good that even adults cannot always tell if they're real or not.

And that's only going to get more advanced as time goes on.

AI is going to get better and better and better at making fake images.

So we need some other ways.

We can't just rely on our eyes.

Let's do a little check.

True or false, can you tell if an image is fake just by looking closely? True or false? What do you think? Here's the answer, it's false.

You cannot tell if something is real just by looking.

However, by looking closely at details, you might spot a clue that it's fake, but you won't always be able to.

So it's time for our practise task now.

We're gonna have a look at Alex and what he's saying, and your job is to decide, is Alex right? Is he correct or not? So he's saying, "Fake images are really easy to spot.

I would never be tricked by something fake.

It is obvious when something is made by a computer." What do you think? Your job is to write two or three sentences to explain what you know about fake images and why Alex might be wrong.

Okay.

I'm gonna give you a little bit of time to do that.

If you need to pause the video, that's probably a good idea.

Okay, it's time for the feedback.

Here's an example answer of what you might have written about Alex's statement.

Your answer could include something like this.

"I think Alex is not right.

Fakes can be really difficult to spot.

Computers using AI are getting better and better at producing high quality images that look real." So that's an example answer.

Yours won't have been the same words as that, but perhaps you've got some of the same ideas in that.

Well done.

Okay, we're on to the second learning cycle.

How can we check if something is real? So we're going to give you some more tips and skills for spotting fake images.

Now, there are four ways to check if something is real.

Number one, look for details.

Number two, cross-reference.

Number three, check the author.

Number four, consider why it was made.

We're gonna go through all four of these skills, all four of these checks in a bit more detail now.

So number one, look for details.

Like we mentioned earlier, sometimes you are able to spot details if you look closely.

So for example, you can study any images you see, and you can also ask yourself, is there anything that doesn't look right? So that's rule one is you can look for details.

Here's an example.

And we have to remember that it's not always possible to tell whether something is real or fake just by looking for those details.

And as Andeep mentioned earlier, he's saying it again, "We need other ways of checking." So number two is cross reference.

Now, that's a key word that you might not have heard before.

What it means is checking if other people or websites agree.

And you should only check with people or websites that you trust, otherwise it's not a very good crosscheck.

So for example, you could ask your teacher, you could ask a parent or carer.

You could ask someone in school who you trust, they might be able to help you cross-reference it.

There might also be some good websites that could help you.

Here's some examples of people you could trust: parents and carers, school staff, older siblings and adults in your family.

These are all people that you might be able to trust to crosscheck something for you.

And here's some examples of websites you can trust.

They might include BBC News, the NSPCC, the Britannica Encyclopaedia, or the Oak National Academy.

They're all trustworthy sources that will probably help you check whether something's true or not.

Little check now.

Can you make a list of people and websites that you trust and can help you to check if something is real or fake? Try and come up with as many as you can, as many people as you can, and as many websites as you can.

Off you go.

Okay then, if you need to pause the video for more time, that's fine.

If not, I'll give you the answers now.

Here we go.

So people you might be able to trust are parents or carers, school staff, older siblings and adults in your family, and websites you can trust are BBC News, NSPCC, Britannica and the Oak National Academy.

Did you get them all right? Maybe you got some extras that aren't on my list.

So if you are not sure if something is real, you can search online and see if you can find the same information from another website.

You can also check using a book, and books are often more reliable than the internet.

They've normally been checked by more people before they're published and printed.

So you can cross-reference in lots of different ways.

Generally speaking, if a trusted website or book says something's true, you can probably believe it that it is true.

So we're gonna do a little check now.

You're gonna do some cross-referencing of your own.

I want you to use the internet or a book to check who is correct.

Is it Aisha or Jacob? So Aisha says, "The first person landed on the Moon in July, 1969," and Jacob said, "The first person landed on the Moon in December, 1969." I want you to check which of those people is right.

And remember, when you do check, it's important that you use trusted websites, so use a website that you think is safe.

If you're not sure what website to use, why not ask a trusted adult to help you? You might also be able to look it up in a book like an encyclopaedia, for example, or a book about space.

Okay, are you ready for the answers? Here they come.

Aisha is correct, the Moon landings happened in July, 1969.

Jacob wasn't far off, but he didn't quite get the month right.

So if you spot one thing that is not true, it's more likely that the rest of the information is also fake.

So what you might find is that you don't know whether some information is true or not, but you read the sentences that come before and after and you realise, oh, well, these aren't right, so maybe it's all wrong.

We've got an example on the phone on the screen, and this says, "If you travel into space, you'll need a wetsuit because it is full of water." And then it says, "The Earth is 3 million miles away from the Sun." Now, the beginning of that seems very dodgy to me.

I don't think that space is full of water, and I don't think a wetsuit would keep you safe in space.

I think you'd need a spacesuit to provide you with air.

So that beginning sentence is not true.

Maybe it's a joke or maybe it's fake news.

We don't know.

And that makes me think, well, actually maybe the fact underneath isn't true.

I don't remember the number of miles that the Earth is from the Sun, but it sounds okay to me.

3 million, that sounds like a long way, but actually I need to double check that because the other sentence is not correct.

Andeep says, "Do you trust this information about the distance from the Earth to the Sun?" What do you think? Would you trust that? Okay, and that brings us on to point number three.

Check the author.

We can tell a lot about whether something's true or false by thinking about who wrote it.

If the person that wrote it is trusted and we know who they are in some way, then they're more likely to be telling the truth, so checking the author is a really good idea.

So the author is the person who creates a website or app.

We use the same word author to mean someone who writes a book.

And anyone can be an author online.

As long as you have access to the internet, you could create a website or an app.

So if we don't know the author, we might not be able to trust them.

And there's a lot of people in the world, there's a lot of people who we don't know.

So it's always a good idea to check and ask yourself these questions: who is the author? Who do they work for? What else have they written about? So for example, if we are trying to learn around about space, like that example I showed you earlier, we are learning about space, but the person's only ever written about animals, then perhaps they're not a space expert.

Maybe they're more of an animal expert.

So next time you're reading something online, try and find out the name of the author.

Look at something else that they've created and see if it makes sense.

Is it the same kind of thing? Do they really know what they're talking about? Good advice from Andeep there.

The last check that we can do is number four, consider why it was made.

We can think about why a piece of news was made, why a website was created, why an app was made 'cause this might give us a clue as to whether it's trustworthy or not.

And this is where that word motivation comes from that I mentioned earlier.

So think about what your author's motivation is.

What did they want to achieve by creating the post? Why might they want to trick you, if they do? What could be their reason, their motivation for tricking you? Here's an example that might help you understand what I mean.

Have a look at this social media post and think, why was it made? What is the author's motivation? What's their reason? And then tell your partner, if you have one, what you think.

So let's read the social media post.

It says, "People often gain muscles and are much stronger if they play frisbee every day.

To get your own frisbee for 21 pounds 99, click on this link," and then it says "Buy Now." So now we've read the post, think about those questions again.

Why was this post made, do you think? What was the author's motivation? Why did they make it? What do you think? Why might they have written all that and posted it? Is it 'cause they love frisbee? Could be, or is there something more? Let me tell you my answer.

So I think that the author wants to persuade you that frisbees will help you get bigger muscles, so you'll want to buy their product.

I think that they've got some frisbees they want to sell and they want to make people buy them.

And they know that one way of making people buy things is to persuade them that it will benefit them.

It'll be good for them, perhaps, by making them stronger.

And so although this isn't exactly a lie, I mean, playing frisbee like playing any sport might make your muscles grow.

It might make you stronger and faster.

It might be fun.

So it's not a complete lie, but their motivation is to get you to buy something, and so you should be aware of that.

You should be aware of why it's being made, why it's being posted.

So recap, what are the four ways in which we can check if something is real? Have a little think.

Okay, here are the answers.

There's four of them.

We've got, one, look for details.

Two, cross reference.

Three, check the author.

And four, consider why it was made.

And now we've got our practise task.

And your job is to tick the article that you think is real and then label the clues in each article using the checklist.

The checklist will be on the next page.

So first of all, let's read the articles and then we can look at the clues.

So article A has a picture of some children gathered around a plane and it says, "British children were evacuated by plane during the Second World War.

This is because all trains have been destroyed by bombing." And the article is written by The Plane Experts UK.

And then if we look at article B, there's a picture of some children queuing to get on a train and it says, "British children were evacuated by train during the Second World War.

This is because many people did not have cars in the 1940s." And the article was written by the Oak National Academy.

Okay, so have a look.

What are the clues? Do you remember? There's an image and there's some writing, and it also tells you who it's written by, so we've got lots of clues there to think about.

Let's look in a little bit more detail.

So I've made the articles a little bit bigger for you to see.

And we can still see the checklist as well.

So okay, number one, look for details.

So look closely at the picture.

Does the picture look real? Does it look right? Does anything look off? Number two, cross reference.

So you could check, perhaps you could look it up using a book or the internet.

Number three, check the author.

It's written by The Plane Experts UK.

Do they exist? Are they a real group of experts? And then number four, consider why it was made.

So have a think.

Why might they want to create this? What's their motivation? Here's article B.

Same thing again, we can look for details, we can check if it's true or not.

We can check that author, the Oak National Academy, have you ever heard of them? And we can think about why they might have made it.

Is it to educate people about history? Is it to trick them? Let's look at the answers.

So the answer is, A, is not real, but B is real, and I'll show you why we know that.

So A, if you search for it, so if you cross reference, you will not find any information about children being evacuated by aeroplane.

You can look that up yourself.

The image does look realistic though.

Even though it was generated by AI, I think it would be very hard for someone to tell whether that was real or not.

If you look up The Plane Experts UK, you'll find that they're not a trusted author.

They're not an official organisation, and if you look them up online, you won't find anyone that's called that.

And then finally, it's just not true.

There were many trains used during the Second World War, and you can find pictures of those trains if you use a book or if you look it up on the internet.

The correct answer B, you can prove that this is correct by using all of our checks.

So if you search online or in books, you will find information about this.

This is a real photo and you could find it on the internet or in books.

The Oak National Academy is a trusted author because they're an official organisation that make lessons for children.

And also you could find out that cars were not common in the 1940s because there was a shortage of petrol.

You could look that up in a book or online and you could prove that that is true.

So well done.

I hope that you got the answer right, and if you didn't get the answer right, I hope you understand why.

Okay, we're onto our final learning cycle now, what could happen if we are tricked? So knowing what is real or fake online is really important, and if we know the truth, we can make better decisions.

Sam's asking, "What could happen if you get tricked online?" That's our big question for this learning cycle.

So the consequences of being tricked online could be that you buy something you don't need, that you learn something incorrectly, that you give away personal information or you start chatting to a stranger.

Some worrying things there.

Which of these things do you think is the most serious? Out of these four things, which is the most serious thing that could happen? So have a think.

The answer is number four, you start chatting to a stranger.

And actually, these points are in order from least to most important.

But let's look in a little bit more detail at the four things.

So number one, you buy something you don't need.

So sometimes people are persuaded to buy something that is not necessary by some fake information they read online.

Now, that's not the worst thing in the world, but many people don't have lots of money, so wasting your money or buying something that you don't really need could be a problem.

It could mean that you don't have enough money to buy something more important that you really do need.

Number two, learning something incorrectly.

So again, not the worst thing in the world, but every time we are tricked and every time we learn something incorrectly, that makes us more confused, and it makes us less able to find out what is real and what's not real.

They might get confused and they might make bad decisions if people learn things that are not true.

Here's an example of how it could be quite a serious thing, because sometimes fake news is spread online, and this leads to people being unkind to each other.

So I've got a slightly silly example here, but hopefully you understand how it could become more serious.

So imagine there was some fake news said, "Breaking news, people who like apples are horrible and unkind." Now, I know that you know that that's a bit silly and that's made up, but what would happen if someone believed it? What if someone believed that everyone who ate apples is horrible and unkind? Then they might send a nasty message.

"I saw you eating an apple yesterday, so we are not friends anymore." You can imagine how if someone believes something that's not true, they might get confused and they might start being unkind to someone else.

And Lucas is asking an important question.

"Have you ever seen something online that was unkind to a whole group of people?" Hmm, because in this case we're talking about people who like apples.

But what if they were talking about the colour of someone's skin, or their religion, or whether they're a boy or a girl? Actually that kind of fake news, that kind of tricking can actually make people really unkind and do unkind things, say nasty things to someone else just because of who they are, so it can actually be quite serious.

Okay, number three, you could give away personal information.

Here's an example.

Andeep got a message.

It says, "Hey Andeep, it's your grandma on a different number because I lost my phone.

What's your address again?" And then Andeep replies, "Sorry you lost your phone.

My address is 342 London Road, Rosetown, Surrey." Has Andeep done the right thing there? Not sure.

I think perhaps Andeep has been tricked because sometimes people pretend to be someone they are not online.

This is called catfishing.

They might persuade you to share a password or other personal information, like your address.

So you should always make double check that you're actually sending that personal information to someone that you trust, not someone pretending to be someone else.

For example, this person's just said "It's grandma." They've not said the name of the person, so that's a little bit of a clue.

Here's another example, and this is something that has happened in real life many times and it says, "It's Dad.

I'm on holiday.

I'm on holiday and in trouble.

I need you to send 1000 pounds to this account straight away to pay for my hospital treatment," and then there's the bank details underneath.

Now, that sounds really important, doesn't it? It sounds urgent.

It sounds like we need to send some money straight away 'cause they're in hospital.

But actually, wait a minute, slow down.

This is a really common trick where someone makes you feel nervous and upset and then it encourages you to give away money really quickly.

Now, what would you do if you received this message? Have a think.

Maybe tell someone that you're sitting next to.

What would you do if you received this message? Well, you should tell an adult you trust straight away.

It is probably a trick.

And Andeep is reminding us that some adults in real life have fallen for this trick.

It's very sad, but it's true.

Okay, fourth problem.

You start chatting to a stranger.

We said that this is the most serious one.

Here's an example.

Andeep's just got a message from Sofia and it says, "Hey Andeep, it's Sofia from school.

I got locked out of my account, so I'm using this new one.

I've lost all my numbers.

Can I have your password, so I can use your account to message everyone?" What do you think? Now, if Andeep thinks it's really Sofia, then he might be more inclined to trust it, but actually this could be a complete stranger, which would be even worse.

Now, you should never share your password anyway, but definitely not with a complete stranger.

So what are the four consequences of being tricked online? Can you remember them all? It's time to check.

Okay, here's the answers.

We've got: you buy something you don't need, you learn something incorrectly, you give away your personal information and you start chatting to a stranger.

Did you get them all? If you didn't, see if you can remember them now.

Okay, so we're onto our final task and the task is, what advice would you give to Andeep? And use that checklist on the previous page to help you.

So Andeep's saying this, "My friend Alex messaged me and asked me to send him the embarrassing photos that we took last weekend.

It's fine to share because they know me from school." Okay, so Andeep saying, well, Alex and Andeep know each other already from school, so is it okay to share those embarrassing photos? What advice would you give to Andeep? Okay, it's time to do that task.

Pause the video if you need to.

And here is my example answer.

What advice would you give to Andeep? I would say something like this, "Sharing embarrassing or sensitive images is always risky, even with your close friends, so often, it's better not to share.

Andeep also needs to check if this is really his friend.

It could be someone pretending to be Alex." Did you get something similar to that? Maybe you could add to your answer now.

Okay, so here's our summary from the lesson.

It can be hard to tell what's real and what is fake online.

We can check if something is real by cross-referencing.

Identifying the author of the online information can help us decide what is real, and we should ask for help from an adult if we think something might be fake.

I hope you enjoyed it and I hope you learned something important.

Bye!.