Hello, my name is Mrs. Mehrin and I'm looking forward today to learning all about family trees with you.

Your lesson outcome today is: I can identify similarities and differences in humans within a family tree.

Now I know that learning can sometimes be a little bit challenging, but that's okay because it just means that we are going to work really hard together and we are going to learn lots of fabulous new things.

Now, here are your keywords for today.

You don't need to jot these keywords down because I am going to go through them throughout today's lesson.

However, if you feel that it's helpful for you to have them written down, you can pause the video now and have a go at doing that.

Fantastic.

And here are the definitions for those keywords.

Again, I am going to be referring to these throughout today's lesson.

However, if you find it helpful to have them written down, you can pause the video now and have a go at doing that.

Fantastic, well done.

So our lesson is split into two parts.

Let's start with the first one, family trees.

Have you ever tried to explain all the people in your family and their relationships to each other? Izzy says, "There's me and my sister Amy and my mom and dad.

Then dad has two brothers, who are my uncles.

I have one cousin who is the child of one of my uncles, and I have some grandmas and a granddad too." It can get quite complicated.

Now, a diagram called a family tree can be used to show the members of a family and their relationships to each other over many generations.

So here we have Izzy's family tree.

Now let's do a quick check-in of your learning.

What is the name for a diagram that shows all the people in a family over many generations? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

The answer is a family tree.

Now each horizontal row of a family tree shows one generation, and a generation in a family is all of the people born and living around the same time.

So in Izzy's family tree, we have Carl and Alice, who are the first generation, so the grandparents here.

Then the grandparents have had children, Zack and Cavell and Marcus.

They've got married to, so Zack has got married to Jessica, and Marcus is married to Maggie.

Jessica and Zach have had Izzy and Amy, and Marcus and Maggie have had Sean.

And the earliest generation goes at the top of the family tree.

So Aisha says, "These are my grandparents." And horizontal lines are used to join family members who are spouses.

Now, which generation goes at the top of a family tree? Is it A, the earliest generation; B, the newest generation; C, the youngest generation; or D, the tallest generation? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is A, the earliest generation.

Now vertical lines are drawn from each pair of people to show the offspring, or children, they have had, and this is the next generation.

So, "My grandparents had two children, Asim, who is my uncle, and Amina, who is my mum." And any spouses are also added to this next generation with horizontal lines.

So, "Asim is not married, and my mom's partner is my dad Dev." Each generation is added to the bottom of the family tree in turn until you get to the latest generation.

And Aisha says, "Asim does not have any children, but my mom and dad have me.

I'm the newest generation in my family." Now, family trees can help us to see the relationships between people in a family.

Now can you spot who Izzy's uncles are and who her cousins are? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So Izzy's uncles are Cavell and Marcell, and Marcus, sorry.

And her cousins are Sean.

Now she says, "My uncles are called Cavell and Marcus." She says, "Marcus has one child called Sean, who is my cousin." Now let's have a look at this family tree.

Who is Aisha's father? Is it A, Ashwan; B, Asim; or C, Dev? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is C, Dev.

And who is Aisha's grandmother? Is it A, Priti or B, Amina? Again, I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

The answer is A, Priti.

Now every family tree is different, so each person's family tree will look different and have different combinations of people in each generation, and they'll have differently shaped family trees as well.

And families can change over time.

So sometimes new family members are born and sometimes spouses separate.

Izzy said, "There's a dotted line on my family tree between Marcus and Maggie because they aren't in a relationship anymore, but they are still Sean's parents." Now, which of these statements about family trees is not correct? Is it A, they are all the same shape; B, they all have the earliest generation at the top; or C, they all show how family members are related to each other? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

The answer is A, they are all the same shape.

Okay, so we are now onto task A and it says, draw a family tree showing three generations of a family.

You should include the name of each person and a drawing of their face.

You can draw your own family tree or use Alex's family.

So let me show you Alex's family.

So he has Alfie and Sarah, those are his grandparents and they have two children, who are Andy and Susie.

Andy is his dad and he's married to his mom, Laura.

Now we have Susie and Mike.

So Susie is Alex's aunt and her spouse is called Mike, and they have a baby together called Tim.

And Alex has two sisters called Jade and Sally.

So using this information from these two slides, you can create a family tree.

Now you don't need to use Alex's family, you can use your own as well, but I want you to show three generations of a family.

So you can pause the video here and you can go back in the video to have a look at the slides that I've just showed you if you are going to use Alex's family.

So I want you to pause the video here and have a go at doing this activity.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So like I said, you could have used Alex's family here or you could have used your own, and this is what it should have looked like.

So we've got Sarah and Alfie, they are the earliest generation at the top.

They had Andy and Susie.

Andy's married to Laura, and Andy and Laura have Jade, Alex, and Sally as their children.

And Susie married Mike and has a child called Tim.

So now we are on to the second part of your learning today, identifying similarities and differences.

So family members often have similarities in their appearances because they share lots of physical characteristics, and family members can share all sorts of physical characteristics with each other, including eye colour, nose shape, height, face shape, hair colour and texture.

And we can identify similarities and differences between family members using our observation skills.

Now, what similarities can you see in Alex and his siblings' appearances? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So you can see that Alex and his older sister have the same hair colour.

All three of them wear glasses, which tells you about their eyesight as well.

And they all have the same skin colour as well.

And now, true or false? It says, members of a family tree are identical to each other.

Is that true or false? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

The answer is false.

Now let's see if you can justify your answer.

It says, family members do not share any physical characteristics with each other, or family members share some but not all of their physical characteristics.

I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fabulous.

The answer is B.

Now we can identify similarities and differences between family members by using our skills of what? A, concentration; B, identification; C, classification; or D, observation.

Again, I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

The answer is D, observation.

Now Alex says, "I can see similarities in the appearance of me, my parents, and my aunt Susie, but I don't look anything like Uncle Mike." Now, why do you think this is? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So not everyone on a family tree shares physical characteristics because they don't all have common ancestors.

An ancestor is someone who was born before you and is directly related to you.

So Uncle Mike is not directly related to Alex because he married Alex's aunt Susie, so he's not from the same, he's not directly related to Alex.

Now, what common ancestors does Alex share with his dad? So we need to be looking at dad's side.

So Andy is Alex's dad.

So what common ancestors does he share with his dad? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Well done.

So his grandparents are directly related to both Alex and his dad.

Now, Mike joined the family through his relationship and he doesn't have any common ancestors with Alex, and this is why they don't have any similarities in their appearance.

Now, what similarities does Aisha share with her parents and her grandparents? Would you say it's A, height; B, freckles; or C, skin colour? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

Off you go.

Brilliant, well done.

The answer is C, skin colour.

Now we are on to task B and it says, choose two pairs of people with common ancestors from your family tree or Alex's, and describe the similarities and differences in the physical characteristics of each pair.

Alex says, "I'm going to compare myself with my dad, and then my sister with my aunt." So if you're not sure, you can go back in this video in order to see the aunts and grandparents and any cousins, and see whether or not you can spot some of the similarities between Alex and those in his family tree.

Alternatively, you can do your own family tree as well, and that would be absolutely fine.

So I want you to pause the video here and have a go at doing that.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

So Alex and his dad.

Alex says, "I have curly hair like my dad's, but his is blonde and mine is ginger.

Our skin colour is the same and we have similarly shaped noses and faces.

I have freckles, but my dad doesn't.

We also both need glasses to see." Alex's sister and aunt.

So, "My sister and my aunt both have a similar skin colour and they both have blonde hair.

Unlike my sister, my aunt's hair is curly.

They have differently shaped noses and faces to each other." Now we are on to the summary of your learning today.

A family tree is a diagram that shows the relationships between all the people in a family over many generations.

The top level of a family tree is the earliest generation, followed by their children and so on.

Similarities and differences between family members can be identified using observation skills.

Well done for today, and you have worked so hard and really used your critical thinking.

Well done.