Hello, scientists.

My name is Mr. Wilshire, and in this lesson we're going to be looking at fats in food.

This is a plan and do stage.

The outcome for this lesson is I can set up an investigation to compare how much fat is in different types of food.

There are some keywords to think about as we work our way through this lesson.

The first is nutrient.

After that, label, then fat, next, greasy, and finally, observe.

Don't worry if you're not too sure what some of these words mean.

You may have heard some of them before, but if not, have a look at the definitions on the screen now.

Pause the video and restart when you are ready.

The first part of this lesson is called Fats in Food.

Animals, including humans, need to eat different types of food in order to get the nutrients that they need.

Here you can see an example of lots of different types of food.

Andeep here says, "Fruit and vegetables give us vitamins and fibre, so I make sure to eat these every day." There you can see a big bowl of fruit.

Sofia says, "Foods with dairy are good for the health of my bones, so I always have some milk on my breakfast cereal." Excellent.

Do any of you do this at home as well? What different types of food do you eat then? Pause the video here and discuss.

Restart when you've done that.

So what different types of food do you eat? Did you mention pizza? Maybe even chips? What about ice cream? Well, Sofia looks at the cereal box and she says, "Well, I'm not sure if this is healthy cereal because the nutrition label for the amount of fats in this cereal is amber.

I don't think I should eat any fat as it's unhealthy." Hmm.

There's the label of Sofia's cereal box there, and there's fats, there's saturates, there's sugars, and there's salt.

And yes, all of them are amber.

They look like they're high percentages.

What do you think here? Should Sofia not eat this at all? Are fats that unhealthy that we shouldn't eat any? Pause the video and discuss.

Restart when you've done that.

So should Sofia not eat any of this at all? Hm, not quite.

Andeep says, "Fats are a type of nutrient that give energy to your body.

Humans need to eat some fats.

Fats are in a lot of the food that we eat." So fats can be found in oils and spreads like in this butter here.

You might like skipping or doing other sports like these children, but fats are actually a type of nutrient, but too much of it could start to damage your body instead.

If you are having too many fatty things, then the fat content is going to build up in your body and it's gonna be harder to get rid of it with exercise.

Stop and think.

Who do you agree with here? Do you agree with Laura? "Fats are not a nutrient, so we shouldn't eat them." Do you agree with Sam? "Fats are a nutrient that give your body energy." Or do you agree with Jun? "Fats are a nutrient that help our bodies to repair and grow." Who do you agree with here? I agree with Sam here.

Fats are a nutrient that give your body energy.

Sofia says, "Well, I thought all fats in food were bad for us." Here's some foods containing high levels of fat.

What do you think then? Are fats in food bad for you? Pause the video and discuss.

Restart when you've done that.

So what did you think then? Is Sofia correct? No, she definitely isn't.

Sofia is wrong here because humans do actually need some fats in their diet in order to stay healthy.

Just like you can see here.

Andeep is showing us the Eatwell plate.

It shows us that humans need to have small amounts of fat in their diets.

Can you see the bit that's suggested there? Yes, it's that very small purple slither, isn't it? Oils and spreads go in that small section, so it's absolutely fine to have some of them, but not too many.

Foods and drinks with high in fat and/or sugar are also listed there as well, and it says there as well that usually eat less often and in small amounts.

So it's fine to have some of those things but not too much.

Let's stop and think.

Is this true or false? Humans should not eat any fat as part of a balanced diet.

The answer here is false.

Can we justify our answer? The correct answer here is B.

Humans need to eat some fat because this helps to give us energy.

Who do you agree with here? Do you agree with Izzy? "Eating a diet that is high in fat gives us vitamins and fibre." Do you agree with Alex? "Eating a diet that is high in fat can be harmful to our health." Do you agree with Jacob? "Eating a diet that is high in fat helps our bones to stay healthy." I agree with Alex here.

Eating a diet that's high in fat can be harmful to our health.

It doesn't mean that we shouldn't eat any of those things though.

So here's your very first task.

You need to sort these food labels into red, amber, and green groups with a focus on their fats.

These labels are all based on different portion sizes, so you need to keep that in mind when you're deciding how to group the different items. For example, something that is very, very low in weight means that it's probably quite small, not very much to eat.

So if it's very, very high in fat, that might be something that's very bad to eat lots of.

Pause the video here and have a go at this task.

Restart when you've done that.

Maybe your answers looked a little bit like this.

Here you can see in this table that there are green amounts of fat in chicken and cereal.

There's amber amounts of fat in popcorn and fig rolls and there's red amounts of fat in chocolate biscuits and crisps.

All of these items are things that are fine to eat, but you need to be careful how much you are having, especially if they're very high in fat content.

Here's part two.

You need to explain to a partner why humans shouldn't eat foods containing high levels of fat on a regular basis.

You can use these items here like chocolate biscuits and crisps to help you with your explanation.

Restart the video when you're ready to move on.

How did you get on? Well, your explanation might look something like this.

Andeep says, "Humans should eat foods containing fats as part of a balanced diet.

Fat helps to give us energy.

However, a diet that's very high in fat is not healthy for humans.

We can use tools like the Eatwell plates to help us make informed choices about which foods we should eat less often." The second part of this video is called Testing Fats in Food.

Aisha and Lucas are looking at the nutrition labels on a packet of crisps.

Aisha says, "Crisps are made from potatoes and potato is a carbohydrate.

So why are crisps high in fat?" Hmm.

What do you think? Why are crisps so high in fat? Pause the video and discuss.

Restart when you've done that.

What did you discuss? Why are crisps so high in fat? Aisha says, "Most of these crisps are fats that are colour coded red on their food labels.

I wonder which of these crisps have got the most fat." How can they find out? Have a quick discussion and restart the video when you've done that.

How did you get on? Well, thinking about how crisps are made, I know that they need to use a lot of oil to be able to cook them.

So it will depend on the cooking process and the amount of fat that's used that make many crisps very high in fat.

Lucas here says, "I remember that different foods that contain fat leave a greasy mark on paper that's not very easily removed." Here you can see some chocolate spread and there you can see some cheese.

Greasy marks are made by different foods and the more fat that they have, the greasier mark that is made.

Lucas says, "We already know that these crisps have fat in them because most of them have a red fat section on their label.

We could test a crisp from each packet and find out which has the most fat by observing which one leaves the biggest greasy mark." What a great idea for an investigation.

I wonder how you're gonna measure those greasy marks though.

Stop and think.

Fats in food produce: a strong smell, a greasy mark, or a colourful pattern? The correct answer here is B.

Fats in food produce a greasy mark.

Aisha says, "Yes, good idea" We could put paper underneath the crisps.

If they contain fat, then the paper will absorb it and it will leave a visible greasy mark on the paper.

That makes it easy to see which foods contain most fats." Aisha says, "How can we be sure that we know the exact size of each greasy mark though?" What do you think here? How are they going to measure this? Pause the video and think.

Restart when you've done that.

So what do you think? Well, Lucas says, "Well, I've used squared paper to measure the size of objects in maths.

If we choose similar sized crisps and put squared paper under each of them, we'll be able to count how many squares a grease spot covers." What a great idea.

Alternatively, they could use some measuring apparatus instead, couldn't they? Let's stop and think.

Which of these foods contains the most fat? Look at those pictures and decide.

The item of food here that contains the most fat is a chocolate spread.

Look at the grease mark that's been left on the paper around it.

Here's Task B: plan an investigation to answer the question: Which of the crisps that you tested contains the most fat? How will you measure the area of greasy mark? Lucas says, "You can use your own method or try our ideas too." So you can go back and have a think about Lucas's suggestions or come up with your own.

Best of luck with your task.

Restart the video when you've done that.

How did you get on? Were you able to plan your own investigation? Lucas's idea was to put squared paper under each crisp and count how many squares the greasy mark covers.

He's going to use packets of different types of crisps, squared paper and a pen to label each piece of paper, and also some crisp nutrition labels, just to make sure that he can measure the fat afterwards.

What is he going to do? He's going to need to write down the type of crisp onto a piece of squared paper, place one crisp onto the paper.

Repeat those steps for each type of crisp using a different piece of paper for each crisp.

He's going to leave it overnight and then observe and record the results.

This will depend on the control variable here as well, won't it? I wonder if Lucas is going to be able to control the exact size of crisp.

It would be a very good idea to use the same size of crisp for each of the experiments here, but that might be easier said than done.

The final part of this lesson is called Planning and doing an investigation.

Scientists ask questions and then they plan how to carry out investigations to find the answers.

Aisha says, "We have our question: Which of the crisps that we tested contains the most fat?" Lucas says that, "We're going to observe the size of the greasy mark that each crisp produces and then we will know which crisp contains the most fat." Now because different crisps are rarely the same shape, mass and size and come in various flavours, made with different ingredients, it's very difficult to compare them in a fair way.

Aisha says, "We need to plan to keep everything else the same as the number of crisps on each piece of paper." Lucas says, "We should also make sure that we leave the crisps on the paper for the same amount of time." I wonder if there is anything else that Aisha and Lucas can keep the same here.

Have a good think and then restart the video when you've done that.

So is there anything else that Aisha and Lucas can keep the same? Well, they could try and keep the same size of crisp, couldn't they? They need to make sure that the paper is the same type of paper as well.

Maybe even they're going to choose crisps from the same brand of crisp maker.

I wonder what you decided.

Let's stop and think.

Is this true or false? Scientists plan to carry out investigations to answer a question.

The correct answer here is true.

Can we justify our answer? Is it because testing the fat content of crisps can help us to make informed decisions about the food we eat? Or is it because using magnets to test crisps can help us to make informed decisions about the food we eat? The correct answer here is A: Testing the fat content of crisps can help us to make informed decisions about the food we eat.

Here is Task C.

You need to use your plan or use Aisha and Lucas's, and set up your own investigation.

You've got crisps and you've got squared paper.

Best of luck with your task.

Restart the video when you've done that.

How did you get on? Were you able to use your own plan? Or maybe you used Aisha and Lucas's? Or here is an example of some results of testing different crisps.

They've got the squared paper there and they've got the crisp on each section of squared paper.

So this is the very beginning of their investigation.

I wonder what it is that they're going to find out.

You can have a go predicting here as well, can't you? You can predict which of these crisps you think is going to leave the biggest mark.

Is it the ready salted? Is it the popcorn? Is it the lentils? The cheese and onion? The salt and vinegar? Or is it the cheese corn? Let's summarise our lesson.

Fats are a type of nutrient that you get from your diet that give your body energy.

It's essential to eat some fats, though it can be harmful to have a high fat diet.

Fats in food produce a greasy mark on paper that is not easily removed and makes it easy to identify which foods contain fats.

Scientists ask questions and then plan investigations to find answers.

Here you can see an example of someone testing a popcorn crisp.

So hopefully you've got the knowledge now to go forward into testing the different types of fats and hopefully check the fats on the food that you are eating.

Although fats are an essential nutrient for us to stay alive, too much of it can be very bad for our bodies.

So hopefully you can make the right type of choices with the findings you find from your crisp experiment.

I've been Mr. Wilshire.

Thank you very much for listening.