So, thank you for joining me in today's lesson, in this unit, which is part of our Intimate Relationships topic, where we're looking at reproductive health, also with the focus on alcohol and drugs in relation to that topic.

My name is Mrs. O'Neill.

Let's get started.

So this lesson is our third and final lesson in our Intimate Relationships: Reproductive health and The Impact of Alcohol and Drugs unit.

We're going to be looking at fertility and infertility.

Now, this lesson, we'll deal with aspects of sex education.

So if that's sensitive to you, you might wish to consult with a trusted adults before completes it, or have a trusted adult nearby.

You will need something to write on, so your exercise book or piece of paper and a pen, or something else to write with in order to complete today's lesson.

Now, the agenda for today's lesson.

We'll start with our introduction quiz.

If you've not already done that, please pause the video and skip back so that you can do that before we start.

We're going to talk about the causes of infertility, treatments for infertility, age and choices relating to fertility and infertility, and then we will look at today's exit quiz, our points needs words when we complete the lesson.

So, our key words for today.

Fertility, is the ability to reproduce or essentially to make a baby, if that makes sense to you as a way to think about it.

Infertility is generally defined as not being able to get pregnant or conceive after one year or longer of unprotected sex.

And contraception is a deliberate use of artificial methods or other techniques to prevent pregnancy.

So an example might be condoms, and sex without contraception is called unprotected.

So, keyword task for today.

There're three statements on the screen.

One of these statements matches our key word, infertility.

Is it, we've been trying unsuccessfully to get pregnant for a couple of months.

I'm seven months pregnant.

Or, we haven't used contraception for 18 months, but I'm still not pregnant.

Which one of those statements matches our keyword infertility.

Point to the correct statement now.

Okay, let's see if you're correct.

It's the third statement.

We haven't used contraception for 18 months, but I'm still not pregnant.

So despite over a year of regular unprotected sex, this person is not pregnant.

Therefore, they may be categorised medically as infertile.

Certainly, I mean, if they were to go and see their doctor and explain their situation, the doctor would now send them for some tests, refer them to specialist doctors who would be able to investigate a little bit further the reasons why they may not be getting pregnant, and hopefully the doctor would be able to recommend some treatment that may be able to increase their chances of getting pregnant, and indeed to increase their fertility.

So we have a true or false question here.

Infertility only affect females.

Please, can you point to the screen now to the answer that you think is correct.

The answer is false.

So, infertility can be attributed to both males and females, and that can be due to reproductive health conditions, some of which are treatable and, or lifestyle traits.

So what are some causes of infertility? Infertility is when a couple cannot get pregnant or an individual who's trying to get pregnant despite having regular unprotected sex.

Around one in seven couple.

Infertility is when a couple cannot get pregnant or conceive despite having regular unprotected sex.

And around one in seven couples have difficulty conceiving.

About 84% of couples will conceive naturally within a year if they have regular unprotected sex every two to three days.

So how many couples will become pregnant naturally within a year of regular unprotected sex? 18, 48, 98, or 84? Please point to the answer that you think is correct.

84% will naturally become pregnant within a year of regular unprotected sex.

So what causes infertility? Common are lack of regular ovulation, the monthly release of an egg.

A blocked or damaged fallopian tube or tubes.

Endometriosis, which is where tissue that behaves like the lining of the uterus, and that's called the endometrium, is found outside of the uterus.

Might be poor quality or low quality of semen or sperm, and it might be due to risk factors and lifestyle that we will go over in a few minutes time.

So any of these reasons can be classed as common causes of infertility.

And should somebody have concerns about their fertility and go and see a medical professional, it will be these sorts of issues that will be investigated.

So we're going to match up some causes of infertility alongside the correct key terms we would associate.

So, have a look at the terms on the left and the terms on the right or short sentences, which ones match together? Please pause the video, match them up by writing down the correct and answers, then press play when you're ready to resume.

Okay, should we see if your answers match mine? So, fallopian tubes, often it might be that one or both are blocked.

Ovulation, maybe irregular.

Semen or sperm might be low quality or quantity, and endometrium, so the type of tissue that would be expected to be found within the uterus actually found outside of the uterus.

This is quite scientific, and really well done if you manage to match those up correctly.

There are also some risk factors, some lifestyle.

There are also some risk factors that arguably are controllable, or certainly with help can be controlled, that may also affect fertility.

For example, drinking alcohol, smoking, stress, drug misuse, some sexually transmitted infections, especially if they don't treat it for a significant period of time under normal healthy BMI.

Now, linking those risk factors alongside the other causes that we discussed and talked about.

I'd like to pause the video, reflect on the last couple of slides that we've gone through, and in your own words, explain why infertility occurs.

Please write that down in a short paragraph now, and pause the video to do so, pressing play when complete.

Thank you.

So what are some treatments for infertility? So, the treatment that is offered will normally depend on what's causing the problem and what's available from your local clinical commissioning group.

Now, there's three main types of fertility treatment: Medicines, so for example, if the problem was ovulation wasn't occurring regularly, then medicines can provide that stimulation for ovulation and can hopefully help that to occur and increase fertility that way.

It might be that a surgical procedure is needed, perhaps if there is a blocked fallopian tube or a case of endometriosis, or perhaps an issue with quantity of sperm, could be that surgical procedure may also be able to help rectify that.

And then there's assisted conception.

Now, that might include IUI, which essentially is what's sometimes known as artificial insemination, where sperm is inserted medically through the vagina into the uterus or in vitro fertilisation, which you're going to go over in a little bit more detail.

So, which of the options on the screen is not a type of fertility treatment? Surgery, medicines, assisted conception, or talking therapy.

One of those is not the type of fertility treatment.

Please point to the screen to the answer that you think is correct now.

Okay, should we see if your answer is correct? So talking therapy.

For example, counselling, CBT, that is not classed as a fertility treatment.

Interestingly, someone who's going through fertility treatment, or someone who is experiencing some mental health and wellbeing concerns around fertility issues, may seek counselling and talking therapy to assist them through that difficult time.

However, that is not a fertility treatment, but surgery, medicines and assisted conception are all types of fertility treatment.

So let's look at IVF, in vitro fertilisation, in a little bit more detail.

This is one of several techniques available to help people with fertility problems. So during IVF, an egg is removed from the woman's ovaries and fertilised with sperm in a laboratory.

The fertilised egg, which is now an embryo, is returned to the woman's uterus to grow and develop.

This can be carried out using the eggs and the sperm of the couple seeking treatment, or the eggs and, or sperm from donors.

Again, depending on the individual case and the individual's problems that are contributing to the infertility.

So I would like you to now write out the correct stages of IVF in their correct order 'cause the statements below are jumbled up.

Please pause the video and write out these statements in the correct order, then press play when you've done so.

Thank you.

So, first of all, the egg is moved from the woman's ovaries.

And just to help you as we go through these answers, especially if perhaps you've struggled with this, we have a little image here to show you, again, where the ovary is, and which is where the egg will be taken from in this part of the process of IVF.

So the egg is fertilised with sperm in a laboratory.

and then the fertilise egg, the embryo, is returned to the woman's uterus to grow and develop.

Now, IVF is expensive.

Therefore, the NHS, when deciding who is eligible for IVF have a specific criteria, and that can vary from region to region within the UK.

If a person or couple is not eligible for NHS treatment, or if they decide to pay for IVF treatment privately, then costs per cycle of IVF can be up to 5,000 pounds.

IVF doesn't always result in pregnancy, and it can be really tough, emotionally and physically demanding.

Our lesson today does not go into all of the details around what is entailed in the process of IVF in order for the eggs to be removed, for example, and the processes that that couples have to go through.

Counselling should always be offered to help through the process.

Just under a third of embryo transfers results in a baby when the woman is under 35 years old.

So, the statistics have improved, IVF has become more successful.

As the years go on, that technology becomes even more advanced and rates do improve, but is important to know that isn't guaranteed to be successful for everybody.

So I'd like to pause the video and reflect on our last few slides, and write down an explanation for the process and issues associated with IVF.

Please pause the video to do that now.

Thank you so much.

And our final topic in today's lesson is about age and the choices related to fertility.

So as we know, fertility treatments can help women conceive, but as with natural conception, it's far less successful as women gets older because, unless donor eggs are used, the quality of eggs also gets worse with age.

Now, men's ability to have a baby, to produce a baby, also declines with age, but not as much as women's.

If the male partners over 40, this can make it harder for the woman to get pregnant, especially if she is also over 40.

Now, the best thing that someone can do if they are planning to have a baby at any age, is to make sure they're healthy even before they get pregnant.

So that might involve having a healthy diet, stopping smoking, reducing or stopping alcohol intake so that they are the healthiest that they can be as they embark on their journey to try to become parents.

I'd like to pause the video, please.

I'd like you to complete the match of activity by copying out the paragraph that you see on the screen and filling in the blanks.

Now, the words in green at the bottom are where you will find the correct answers, but I've highlighted in some red herrings there.

So there are some terms that are not correct.

So you need to choose really carefully.

Please pause the video now and press play when you've completed this task.

So let's have a look at the answers.

Fertility reduces with age.

The quality of female eggs and the male's fertility declines.

Fertility treatment is less successful in people over 40.

The best thing somebody can do if they want to get pregnant is to make sure they are healthy beforehand.

Please do see a trusted adult, a medical professional, like school nurse, or a GP, if you have any concerns about issues raised in today's lesson, particularly medical concerns.

The NHS website, Tommy's charity, and Fertility Network UK, you can all find easily online.

We'll also give you more information if you're interested or, gain, if any of the issues affect you.

Thank you so much for joining me in this final lesson in our unit about reproductive health in Intimate Relationships topic.

Please don't forget to complete today's exit quiz.

Again, thank you so much.

I hope that you've enjoyed the unit and that you feel like you have learned some information that may be useful to you as you go on through your life, and as you become adults in the world.

Goodbye.