Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping, and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today all about Britain's settlement by Anglo-Saxons.

What changed after the Romans left? So shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe how Britain changed after the Romans left.

And before we begin, I would like to introduce to you some keywords, and we'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write them down.

The keywords we'll be using today are rivalled, withered, and Gaelic.

I'm going to say them again and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

Rivalled, withered, Gaelic.

Great work.

Let's have a look in more detail what these key keywords mean.

Here are their definitions.

Rivalled means to have competed with someone and tried to be better or more successful than them.

If something has withered, it has gradually declined or shrunk.

Gaelic refers to the traditional language and culture of groups such as the Scots and the Irish.

Pause the video here to make a note of these keywords, because they're going to pop up throughout our lesson.

And when you're ready to continue, press play.

These are our learning cycles that we'll be working through together in today's lesson.

The Anglo-Saxons and their settlements, the age of rival kingdoms, the return of the Christian faith.

In the first learning cycle, we'll explore the Anglo-Saxons and their settlements.

After many years of Roman rule, problems in the Roman Empire led the Romans to make a big decision, to leave Britain in around 410 CE.

Without the Roman armies, Britain became weaker and easier to attack.

Over the sea, tribes from modern day Germany and Denmark called the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes knew they could make Britain their home.

These tribes began to move to the British Isles, because of threats from other tribes in their homelands and the knowledge that Britain had lots of fertile farmland after their own was flooded.

The people remaining in Britain after the Romans had left faced new challenges and changes as these tribes settled.

This was the beginning of the Anglo-Saxon period of British history.

The Anglo-Saxons were made up of three significant tribes, the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes.

The tribes chose different places to settle in Britain.

The Angles preferred the east coast, the Saxons chose the South and Southwest, while the Jutes who were the smallest of the tribes settled in places by the sea, such as Kent and the Isle of Wight.

These choices shaped early Anglo-Saxon Britain as communities grew around these first settlements that were the strong building blocks of the future great Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. Let's check our understanding.

The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain to steal things and leave.

Is that true or false? What do you think? If you said false, that's absolutely right.

Well done.

And if we're going to justify our answer, which of these sentences helps us to do that? They came to settle and begin a new life.

They came to destroy everything the Romans built.

Have a quick chat with your partner, which do you think outta these two sentences helps to justify your answer? That's right, they came to settle and begin a new life.

As your first learning task for this lesson, I'd like you to write one fact about each of the three main Anglo-Saxon tribes that arrived in Britain after the Romans left.

So grab yourself a pen and some paper and pause the video to write one fact about each of the three main Anglo-Saxon tribes.

And when you've done that, press play to continue.

How did that go? Shall we have a look at some facts you could have written? So the Angles, this tribe settled mainly on the east coast of Britain.

The Saxons, this tribe settled in the south and southwest of Britain.

The Jutes, this tribe were the smallest of the three tribes.

Well done if you wrote something similar down, one fact about each of the three main tribes.

We're now ready to move on to the second part of this lesson.

The age of rival kingdoms. Once settled, these tribes did not live together peacefully.

They became seven mighty kingdoms. Can you remember what they were? Let's have a look at the map.

We've got Northumbria, Mercia, Essex, Kent, Sussex, Wessex, and East Anglia, and they often rivalled each other as they all wanted to be the most powerful.

By 750 CE, four of these kingdoms, Mercia, Wessex, Northumbria, and East Anglia, they stood out as the most powerful.

These kingdoms controlled important trade routes, ruled over large areas of farmland, and had their own strong leaders who were also fearsome warriors.

However, this would constantly change as other kingdoms grew and withered in power.

The seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms all lived together peacefully.

Hmm, is that true or false? Hmm, I wonder.

What do you think? That's false.

Can we justify our answer? They rivalled each other and refused to trade with each other.

They rivalled each other and fought over land and power.

Hmm.

Have a discussion with your partner.

Which do you think of those two sentences helps justify your answer? If you said that they rivalled each other and fought over land and power, you are absolutely right, well done.

Let's look at this next statement.

Let's check our understanding.

Mercia was the most powerful of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms by 800 CE.

Is that true or false? Have a think.

If you said true, that's correct, well done.

This was because of the powerful leadership of King Offa and Queen Cynethryth.

This was because of severe flooding in the other kingdoms. Hmm.

Which of those two reasons helps to justify our answer? What do you think? If you said it was because of the powerful leadership of King Offa and Queen Cynethryth, that's correct.

Well done, good job.

That brings us to our second learning task of this lesson.

I'd like you to pause the video and give yourself enough time to give one example of how Queen Cynethryth changed Britain.

Hmm.

And give one example of how King Offa changed Britain.

So pause the video, grab yourself a pen and paper to write down your examples, or you could just talk to your partner about them.

Pause the video and when you're ready, press play to restart.

How did that go? Shall we have a look at some examples you could have put? For Queen Cynethryth, her marriage to King Offa united Mercia and the Frankish lands in friendship.

That's one way that she changed Britain.

King Offa, he built Offa's Dyke as a border between his kingdom and the Welsh kingdoms. So that's one way that he changed Britain.

Well done if you got something similar in your answers.

That brings us to the third part of our lesson, the return of the Christian faith.

Religion also changed a lot during the Anglo-Saxon period.

Christianity withered after the Romans left as the Anglo-Saxons brought their pagan beliefs and traditions with them.

However, Christianity returned in the 500s and 600s CE.

Missionaries like Augustine, who came from Rome, arrived in Britain to convert the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, starting with King Aethelbert of Kent.

Soon, many Anglo-Saxon kings, including Offa, converted to Christianity.

Meanwhile, in modern day Scotland, the Picts also welcomed missionaries and new settlers, the Scots who came from Gaelic Island.

Many of them migrated to the western coast of Scotland, because like the Anglo-Saxons, they needed new farmlands.

They settled in Wales with the Picts and brought their own Gaelic culture.

This included detailed metal work, patterned artwork, and the Gaelic language.

Their stories, music, and Christian traditions played an important role in changing and shaping Scotland.

In fact, the Irish Scots are where Scotland gets its name from now.

One of the most important things the Irish Scots brought was Celtic Christianity, introducing different religious practises and traditions.

Celtic Christianity became the main form of Christianity in Britain until the Synod of Whitby.

Can you remember what happened there? This was a special meeting where it was decided that Roman Christianity would be the standard form of Christianity.

Let's check our understanding.

There's lots of information there that we're gathering up.

Christianity withered after the Romans left.

Is that true or false? Have a think.

If you said true, that's absolutely right, well done.

How do we justify our answer? Is it the Romans destroyed all the churches and Christian resources before they left? Or the Anglo-Saxons brought their own pagan religious practises with them? If you said the Anglo-Saxons brought their own pagan religious practises with them, you're absolutely right.

Well done.

Can you remember what any of those practises were? What did the Scots from Ireland bring with them? Did they bring their own Gaelic culture and language, Celtic Christian practises, or Roman Christian practises? Hmm, have a think.

What did they bring with them? If you said their own Gaelic culture and language and Celtic Christian practises, that's absolutely right, good job.

We have now reached our final learning task of this lesson.

I'd like you to pause the video here.

What do you think the three biggest changes were to Britain after the Romans left? And I'd like you to explain your answer.

Can you use any of the words below to help you? Anglo-Saxons, seven kingdoms, rivalled, pagan beliefs, withered, missionaries, Scots, Gaelic, and Picts.

So pause the video and take as much time as you need to think about the three biggest changes there were to Britain after the Romans left.

You could talk to your partner about these changes, or you could write them down.

When you're ready to restart, press play.

How did that go? Shall we have a look at what you could have written? So your answer could have included, "The biggest change after the Romans left was the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons, because this meant that Britain was divided into seven kingdoms, which rivalled each other.

The second biggest change was the arrival of Anglo-Saxon pagan beliefs, because this meant that Christianity withered until missionaries arrived to convert the kingdoms back to Christianity.

The third biggest change was the arrival of the Scots from Ireland, because they brought their own unique Gaelic culture to the Picts in Scotland." Well done for completing that learning task, and if you managed to use lots of those words in your answer, well done.

Now, before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we have learned about how Britain changed after the Romans.

After the Romans left Britain, the Anglo-Saxons arrived and established their own kingdoms that rivalled one another.

By 800 CE, Mercia was the most powerful of all these kingdoms, following the rule of King Offa and Queen Cynethryth.

Christianity withered away in Britain, but returned after the arrival of missionaries.

The Picts were joined by the Scots from Ireland who brought their own Gaelic culture, language, and traditions with them.

So we've learned lots there about how Britain changed after the Romans left.

Thank you so much for joining me throughout this unit.

We've learned so much about Britain's settlement by Anglo-Saxons and what changed after the Romans left.

I hope to see you for more learning soon.