<v Instructor>Hello and welcome to today's lesson from the Unit: Earth, Sun, and Moon.

This lesson is called, How We See the Moon from Earth.

Hi, I'm Mrs. Waller, and I'll be helping you to learn more about the moon today.

By the end of the lesson, you can explain how we can see the moon from earth.

So let's start this lesson by looking at the keywords that we're going to be using today.

Moon, sun, light source, and reflect.

Now, you may have heard of some of these words before, so take a moment to think about what do these words mean, and maybe you could share your ideas with someone else.

Today's lesson is in two parts.

In the first part we'll be asking the question, is the moon a light source? And then in the second part we'll be using that information to think more about how do we see the moon? Lots of people like nothing better than to stand outside on a clear evening and to look up to the night sky and observe the moon.

But did you know that the moon is more than 2,000 miles away from earth, yet we can see it without binoculars or telescopes.

So my question for you is, how do we see the moon when it is so far away? I wonder if your answer to my question was that we see the moon over 2,000 miles away because it's so bright.

Well, did you know that after the sun, the moon is the next brightest object we can see in space from earth? But the moon isn't actually a bright shiny object.

In fact, the moon is a dusty ball of rock.

It is not a light source.

This means that it does not produce and give out any light.

Now light source is one of our keywords in today's lesson.

So just to repeat that, a light source gives out its own light.

And what we are saying today is, actually, the moon does appear to shine brightly, but it's not a light source.

It doesn't give out its own light.

So think about this one.

Why does the moon appear so bright in the night sky? Take a moment to gather your thoughts, and share your ideas with someone else.

So is it something else that's shining onto the moon? Yes, it's light from the sun, and the light from the sun shines onto the surface of the moon, and that's what makes it appear so bright in the sky.

It's time for me now to check your understanding of the first part of the lesson today.

True or false? The moon is a star that makes its own light.

Would you say that was true or false? Yes, that's right, it's false.

Now, can you justify your answer? Can you explain why that statement is false? So you might be thinking of something like this, light from the sun shines on the surface of the moon, making it appear bright in the sky.

Well done.

How about this one? Which statement about why we can see the moon from earth is true? Is it because the moon is very close to the earth, or the moon makes lots of bright light, or the sun's light shines on the moon? Yes, it's C.

It's the sun's light that's shining on the moon.

Even though the moon is our closest neighbour in space, it's still over 2,000 miles away.

So I wouldn't say it was very close to the earth.

And also we've been learning that the moon is not a light source, so it does not make lots of bright light.

Ready to move on? And now it's time for your first practise task.

Aisha and Andeep are discussing the moon.

Write down what you would say to Andeep to help him to understand how we see the moon at night.

So first of all, Aisha is saying, "We see the moon at night because the sun's light shines on the moon." Is everyone happy with that? Yes, that's correct, isn't it? So what's Andeep saying? Well, Andeep thinks that can't be true, because the sun doesn't shine at night.

So if we see the sun's light shining on the moon at nighttime, well that can't be right, 'cause the sun doesn't shine at night, does it? What do you think? We've got some ideas here to share with you.

So the sun is a star.

It is always generating heat and light, not just during the day.

And when it is night for us, don't forget it is day somewhere else on earth.

The sun never stops shining.

It is the sun's light that shines on the surface of the moon, and that's how we see the moon.

Are those ideas similar to what you were thinking? How about this one now? Aisha and Izzy, this time, are discussing the moon, and again, I'd like you to write down what you would say to Izzy to help her to understand how we see the moon at night.

So, Aisha has still got the same correct scientific idea.

"We see the moon at night, "because the sun's light shines on the moon." But Izzy's finding that a bit confusing.

Izzy saying, "That's not true.

"The moon goes somewhere else during the day, "and we only see the moon when it comes out at night." What would you say to Izzy to help her to understand what's happening with the moon and how we see the moon at night? It's a tricky one, this one, isn't it? So here are some ideas for you to compare your own thoughts.

The sun and moon are always there in space, they don't disappear and come out.

They're not there in the daytime and then gone at night.

During the day, the sun shines on the moon, but we can't always see it easily, because the sun's light is so bright.

As our part of the earth rotates away from the sun, the sky becomes darker.

And that's when we can see the moon that was there all along.

Is that similar to what you were thinking? Take another moment, you might want to change your ideas.

You might want to edit what you'd written down.

You might want to improve your response.

Over to you.

We're moving on to the second part of today's lesson now, and we're moving on to thinking about how do we see the moon? So moving on now, and we're continuing to think about how some objects look as if they are producing their own light, they actually look as though they're shining, but we know that actually they are not.

So an example of this is cat's eyes.

They're not actually a light source.

So if you see a cat in real life, it doesn't have light shining out of its eyes; however, it looks like its eyes are shining.

But when light shines onto the cat's eyes, what's happening is that they reflect the light and they look shiny.

Take a look at this photograph of this black cat in the dark, and its eyes definitely look like they're giving out light, but actually it is just light that's being reflected.

Can you think of anything else that reflects light in this type of way? Now, you might have seen people working on the road on the motorway late at night.

Maybe you've driven past in a car and you might have noticed that their jacket appears to be shining, just like this jacket here in the photograph.

Well, actually this jacket does not produce its own light, yet when light shines onto it, light is reflected from its surface.

You might own some reflective clothing of your own, or you might have a reflective bag, or you might have reflective materials, maybe on your bike.

If you're riding your bike after dark, and when the car's lights shine onto your reflective surfaces, it looks like they're generating light to keep you safe.

So we're going to use this idea that some objects reflect light, and we're going to use that to explain how we see the moon.

We know that we see the moon because light from the sun shines on the surface of the moon.

So this is the first part of our diagram.

We've got our sun and our yellow arrow to show some of the light that's being generated by the sun and it's shining onto the surface of the moon.

Now we know that the moon is not a light source, so we've got no yellow arrows coming out of the moon just yet.

But we do know that that light from the sun shines onto the surface of the moon and this is reflected down to earth.

Let's look at that again in a little bit more detail.

So here we can see the sun and some of the light is being generated from the sun, and we're showing that with those yellow arrows.

Now, we can see that light from the sun shines onto one half of the earth and also the same light from the sun shines onto one half of the moon.

And it is that light from the sun that is reflected from the surface of the moon down to earth.

We've been covering some quite tricky scientific ideas today, so I'm going to check your understanding from the second part of today's lesson.

True or false? Light is reflected when it hits a surface and bounces off.

Would you say that was true or false? Yes, that's true.

And can you justify your answer? You could explain, "I think this because.

." That's right, reflected light is when light hits an object or a surface and bounces off in another direction.

Well done.

Which statement is correct for why we see the moon? The moon reflects light from the earth, the moon reflects light from the sun or the sun reflects light from the moon.

Which one do you think? That's right, it's B.

It's the moon that reflects light from the sun.

I've got a few tasks for you to have a go at now.

So I want you to go and find a ball, find something that's a sphere shape.

If you haven't got a ball, maybe a piece of fruit, or something like that, that's round.

And I want you to imagine that that ball is representing the moon.

So we could cover the ball in paper to represent the moon.

Now why are we doing that? Now, we know that the moon is not a light source.

So we're going to cover the moon in paper just to show that it is not shining, it's not bright, it's not generating its own light.

Now, I'd like you to dim the lights, and your task is to observe the moon, which is your ball, your model.

And think about, does it shine now that we've dimmed the lights, or does it appear bright? And why do you think this? Can you talk to someone about your ideas? So in reality, even when we dim the lights, we know that our model moon is not a light source, just like the real moon.

So even when it's dark, the ball wrapped in paper still doesn't shine, and it doesn't appear bright, because just like the moon, it does not make and give its own light.

Is that what you found with your model so far? Good.

Moving on now, we're going to bring the sun into our model.

So you could use a torch, or maybe the light from a phone, or a tablet, and I'd like you to keep the lights dimmed, and shine your torch onto the ball this time.

So we're representing the sun is the light from the torch shining onto our model moon, which is still our ball wrapped in paper.

Now that we are shining the torch onto the ball, does it now shine or appear bright? Why do you think this? And can you again share your ideas with a partner? It's time to have a go now, so switch on your torch and see what happens.

Once you've had a go at your model, can you have further conversations? So keep the discussions going.

How does this model help us to understand how we see the moon? Let's see if your ideas are similar to mine.

When you direct light from the torch onto the ball, it looks like it is shining, but it is not.

The light is being reflected off the paper, like a mirror.

Half the ball is lit and half the ball is in darkness.

Did you find that, too? And that's because the surface of the moon is made from rock and dust.

And this reflects the sun's light and makes the moon appear bright in the night sky.

Does using a model in this way help your understanding of how we see the moon at night? Have a bit more of a conversation with somebody else about it and explain to them one more time just to make sure that you fully understand this tricky concept.

So we're moving on now to the summary of today's lesson.

We've learned that the moon is more than 2,000 miles away from Earth, yet we can see it without binoculars or telescopes.

So take a moment to think a bit more about how can we see it? Do you remember? Well, the moon only looks bright in the night sky, but it doesn't produce its own light.

Do you remember, it's not a light source.

What else? Yes, we see the moon because it reflects light from the sun.

Well done, everyone.

All that remains now is for you to complete the exit quiz, and I look forward to seeing you in the next lesson.