Hello and welcome to this lesson from the Unit: Reproduction in Humans.

The title of today's lesson is Human Reproductive Organs, and we're going to be looking at the male reproductive system, the female reproductive system, and how both of those reproductive systems work together in order to produce offspring.

My name's Mrs. Barnard, and I'm going to be taking you through today's lesson.

So, by the end of today's lesson, you should be able to identify the organs of the human male and female reproductive systems, and you should be able to describe the roles of the different parts.

So, we've got some keywords to look out for in today's lesson.

And our keywords are testes, penis, ovaries, uterus, and vagina.

I'm gonna put the definitions up for you, so if you want to, you can pause the video and copy these down, but otherwise we're going to be going through all of them at some point during the lesson, so you might want to write them down at that point.

So our lesson today is in three parts.

The first is the male reproductive system.

So we're going to look at the different organs and what the function of those organs are, and how they work together to form the system in human males.

Then we're going to do the same for females.

We're going to look at the organs, what they do and how they work together.

And then finally we're going to look at how the two systems work together, the male and the female system, and how that leads to offspring being produced in the process of reproduction.

So let's get started with the first part of today's lesson, which is the male reproductive system.

So the function of the male reproductive system is to produce sperm cells and to release them inside a female.

Now the male reproductive system is made up of different organs with different functions.

Now that's true of all systems in the body, and you've looked at different systems in the body before.

So we have cells that make up tissues, tissues that make up organs, and then organs that make up systems. So here's a view of the male reproductive system.

Now we're showing you it here, in a front view and a side view just so that you can see clearly that it is made up of these different units, these organs, and all together they produce a system.

So the main organs of the male reproductive system are as follows: So first of all, we have the penis.

The penis is a tubular structure, and it's made of spongy tissue and blood vessels, and it can change its size depending on how much blood is flowing through it.

And then we have the testes.

And the testes are glands.

You can't see those from the outside, because they're held within a sack of skin.

But those are your testes, and in most cases, men would have two of those.

And then we've got the urethra.

Now the urethra is the tube that runs down the centre of the penis, okay? Now there are other organs that are in the male reproductive organ, male reproductive system, but these are the main ones that we want you to know the functions of and how they're involved in reproduction.

So let's look at them in a little bit more detail.

So we've got the testes.

So the job of the testes is to produce sperm and hormones.

So the testes don't produce sperm until puberty.

And in puberty, that is one of the things that takes place.

So sperm cells are produced and also because it's a gland, hormones are released from that gland.

And some of those hormones are involved in puberty, but also in controlling the male reproductive system and the production of sperm.

Then we've got the scrotum.

Now the scrotum is the sack of skin that the testes are held inside.

Then we've got the penis.

So the job of the penis is to deposit sperm inside a female.

It also has a role in urination.

But in terms of the reproductive system, its job is to deposit sperm inside of a female.

And we've got the urethra.

And the urethra is the tube that runs down the middle of the penis.

It carries urine or it carries sperm.

It doesn't carry both at once, it's one or the other.

So it's time for a quick check.

Which of the following are not organs of the male reproductive system? Is it penis, testes, ovaries, or urethra? Pause the video while you make your selection.

Okay, so the correct answer is ovaries.

The penis, testes, and urethra are all organs of the male reproductive system.

Okay, so let's move on, and let's have a look at the processes that take place inside the male reproductive organs in order to make reproduction possible.

So we're going to do this by looking at the reproductive system front on.

So first of all, we've got the testes, and as we've already talked about, the sperm are made in the testes.

The sperm cells that you've learned about, in previous lessons in this unit, are made there.

And then the sperm travels up these very, very thin tubes called sperm ducts.

It moves into some other organs that we don't need to worry about at the moment, but while it's there, it's mixed with fluids and other nutrients to form semen.

So semen and sperm are different.

So sperm is the sperm cells that are made.

And then once it's mixed with fluids and nutrients, we call it semen.

Once the semen travels along those sperm ducts, it then travels down the urethra.

So remember the urethra is the tube that is inside the penis, and it will travel down there during sexual intercourse in the process of reproduction.

And then finally, the semen is ejaculated, which means it moves out of the end at some speed from the urethra.

It moves out at the end of the penis, and it is deposited into the female, into the vagina of the female.

So those are the stages.

So let's have a quick check to make sure that you can put those stages in order.

So put these statements in order to describe the journey of a sperm cell during reproduction.

So pause the video while you read those, and decide on your order, and then we'll come back and see how you got on.

Okay, let's see how you got on then.

So, the first stage would be that the sperm cells are made in the testes.

And then the next one would be that the sperm cells travel up the sperm duct.

And then next, the sperm cells are mixed with fluids and nutrients.

And then finally the semen travels down the urethra and is ejaculated from the penis.

So if you've got those in the correct order, then well done.

So, time for a practise task now.

So what I would like you to do is I would like you to label the organs and parts of the male reproductive system, and add a description of the function of each of those parts.

Okay, this will take you a little bit of time, so if you pause the video, and then we'll come back to check if all of your labels are correct.

Let's see how you got on then with labelling the mail reproductive system.

So here we go, we've got a picture of it, and the first thing we should have labelled was the testes.

And its description would be that it produces sperm and hormones.

And then we've got the sperm duct, and it carries sperm, and it adds fluid and nutrients.

Then we should have the penis.

It deposits semen into a female.

And then finally, we've got the urethra.

It carries the semen down the penis.

So if you've got all those labelled up correctly, then well done, and we're ready to move on to the next part of our lesson.

And the next part of our lesson is the female reproductive system.

So the function of the female reproductive system is to release egg cells, and to support the development on the growth of a foetus.

So that's its job as part of reproduction.

All of the egg cells that a female human has are present at birth.

So they're made when the female is still in their mother's uterus and growing.

So all of the egg cells are there, they're just not fully matured.

So you can see here we've got a label there of an ovary containing egg cells.

And the female reproductive system is made of different organs with different functions in the same way as the male reproductive system is.

So the main organs of the female reproductive system are the ovary, the fallopian tubes, and you can see there's two fallopian tubes, and two ovaries on either side.

And then we've got the uterus in the middle.

It's sometimes called the womb, in everyday language, but uterus is the scientific term for it.

And then we've got the cervix.

Now the cervix is the entrance to the uterus.

So it is a very, very small hole, and it remains closed most of the time.

And then we've got the vagina, which is the tube that leads up to the cervix and the uterus.

So let's do a quick check.

So on this diagram, which two labels do we have missing? So pause the video while you decide, and then we'll come back and check if you've got them right.

Okay, did you get them? So it was the ovaries and the uterus, so two scientific key terms there.

So the functions of the main organs in the female reproductive system are as follows: So we're going to start with our ovaries.

And the ovaries release eggs monthly and produce hormones.

Remember, all of those egg cells are there from when the baby is born, 'cause they're produced while the female baby is still growing inside the uterus of its mother.

But those eggs will mature and one will be released each month from either of the ovaries.

This is also a gland, so the ovaries also produce hormones, and some of the hormones that are involved in controlling reproduction.

Then we've got the fallopian tubes, and that's the tube that connects the ovary to the uterus.

And the egg cell is moved along these tubes by little hairs on the surface all the way to the uterus, once a month.

And then we've got the uterus.

So this is where the foetus will develop if the egg cell has been fertilised.

And then we have the cervix.

Now, the cervix is the entrance to the uterus.

The gap into the uterus is very, very small, and it's controlled by muscle.

It's small enough that sperm cells can get through, but the muscle itself will keep a developing foetus in place during pregnancy.

And then we've got the vagina.

And the vagina is the tube that leads down from the uterus to the outside world.

This is where a penis is inserted during sexual intercourse, and where sperm is deposited.

A baby will be delivered through the cervix as it widens during childbirth.

Okay, so time for a quick check.

So what I would like you to do is to match the organ of the female reproductive system to its function.

So we've got ovary, cervix, vagina, fallopian tubes, and uterus.

So if you pause the video, then we'll come back and just make sure you've got the correct definition for each of those organs.

So let's get these matched up then.

We've got the ovary, which releases egg cells and hormones.

And then we've got the cervix, which holds the foetus in place during development.

And then we've got the vagina, which is used in sexual reproduction, and for birthing a baby.

We've got the fallopian tubes, which moves the egg cells from the ovaries to the uterus.

And finally we've got the uterus which maintains a developing foetus.

So if you've got all those matched up correctly, well done.

Let's move on to our next sections.

We've got a practise task for you now.

Andeep and Lucas are discussing the female reproductive system.

And Andeep says, "The female human reproductive system is much smaller than a male's." And Lucas says, "The female's reproductive system does not produce sex cells." In this case, both Andeep and Lucas are incorrect.

So what I would like you to do, is to take each statement, and write a correct version of their statement.

So pause the video while you do this, and then we'll check back and see how you've got on with your answers.

Okay, let's see how you got on with correcting those statements then.

So the first statement made by Andeep was that "The female human reproductive system is much smaller than a male's." In actual fact, the female reproductive system is not much smaller in size than a male's, they're quite similar in size, but it's just that most of the female reproductive system is internal, it's on the inside, so you can't see it.

And the incorrect statement that Lucas made, was that "The female reproductive system does not produce sex cells." However, the female reproductive system does produce egg cells, but they're before birth, and they're stored in the ovaries.

These are released monthly from the ovaries in adult females.

So if you managed to correct those statements, then that's a great job.

Let's move on to the next part of our lesson.

And the next part of our lesson is how these two reproductive systems, the male and the female, work together.

So the female and the male reproductive systems work together in order to produce offspring.

Offspring are made during the process of reproduction, which is a common process of all living things.

Humans use sexual reproduction, which means that we need a male and a female, so we need both of these reproductive systems to work together.

The female system produces the egg cell with half of the genetic material that the offspring will need, and the male system produces the sperm cell, which has the other half of the genetic material that the offspring will need.

During sexual intercourse, the penis will go into the vagina, and the sperm that is released, will move towards the egg.

If a sperm cell enters the egg and it is fertilised, we form a zygote.

So a zygote is a scientific term for a fertilised egg cell, and that is when both lots of genetic material fuse together.

Therefore, the zygote is the first stage of the offspring for both parents.

So this is why we need both systems, because we need both parents to give their genetic material to form one offspring.

The cells of the zygote will grow into an embryo and then into a foetus in the uterus of the female until birth.

And once the foetus is birthed, it is called a baby.

And here's a picture here of a foetus growing inside the uterus of the female reproductive system.

So we've got a quick check now, so true or false? The zygote will develop and grow to become the offspring of both parents.

Now decide, first of all, whether you think this statement is true or false.

And once you've decided, which of these statements below do you think best justifies your answer? So, pause the video while you decide, and then we'll come back.

and we'll see how you've got on.

So the zygote will develop and grow to become the offspring of both parents.

That statement is true.

And the reason that best justifies that is that because the zygote is produced by joining the egg cell and a sperm cell.

So let's do a practise task now.

So pupils were discussing the similarities of the male and the female reproductive systems. So, Jun says, "There is nothing similar about male and female reproductive systems. They are different but work as one unit." And Alex says, "There are some similarities, such as they both produce sex cells that carry genetic material." So what I would like you to do, is to identify and explain some of the similarities between the structure, so the parts of the reproductive systems, and the functions, so the jobs of the parts of the reproductive systems, and then to describe how they work together.

You can use any of the correct ideas from Jun and Alex that you think you could include that might help.

So, there's a little bit of extended writing here, so you'll need some time.

So, pause the video, and then we'll come back, and we'll see how you've got on.

Okay, let's see how we got on then.

So, I asked you to identify and explain some similarities between the male and the female reproductive systems, and to describe how they work together.

So here's some example answers.

You might have them in different orders, so don't worry about that.

So they both produce sex cells, that's what Alex said, so that was correct.

The testes produce sperm cells, and the ovaries produce egg cells.

They both produce hormones, so remember, the ovaries and the testes are both glands, so they both produce hormones.

They both use tubes to transport their sex cells, so the fallopian transport their egg cells down from the ovaries to the uterus, and then the sperm duct and the urethra transport first the sperm and then the semen, okay, along the penis.

They are both involved in sexual intercourse, as the penis is inserted into the vagina.

And they are both involved in reproduction, as the sperm and the egg cells carry half of the genetic material each, that is joined in the zygote, so the offspring has genetic material from both of its parents.

And finally, both of the reproductive systems are needed to work together to produce offspring.

Offspring wouldn't be created from just one reproductive system, both of them need to work together.

So now it comes time for the summary from today's lesson on human reproductive organs.

So the function of the male reproductive system is to produce sperm cells and deposit them in a female.

Sperm cells are made in the testes and travel through the sperm ducts and down the urethra inside the penis.

Females are born with all their egg cells inside their ovaries, but they are matured and released each month.

Egg cells travel down the fallopian tubes to the uterus where a foetus may develop.

The testes and the ovaries make hormones that control the activities of the reproductive organs.

And the male and female reproductive systems work together to produce offspring.

So, well done for your work in today's lesson.