Lesson video

Hello, my name's Mr. Marsh and I'm here today to teach you all about the impact of urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe.

So grab everything that you need for today's lesson and let's get going.

So by the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to explain how urban changes led to pressure on areas of Liverpool's rural-urban fringe.

There are four key terms for today's lesson and those are rural-urban fringe, greenbelt, urban sprawl and commuter settlement.

Rural-urban fringe refers to a broad area of land at the urban/rural boundary.

Greenbelt refers to land that is protected from development and surrounds major English cities.

Urban sprawl refers to the outward growth of a city into the surrounding countryside.

And a commuter settlement refers to a settlement within easy reach of a city, for example, near a train station that houses a high proportion of commuters.

There are two learning cycles for today's lesson and we're gonna start with the first learning cycle, which is all about urban sprawl around Liverpool.

The rural-urban fringe is a broad area of land around a city, as the diagram in front of you does a great job of showing.

At the centre and the purple colour, we have this urban area and the next concentric circle, we see this rural-urban fringe surrounding it.

Now for big cities, large areas of the rural urban-fringe are often designated as greenbelt, again, as shown in front of you on the diagram, Greenbelt land is designed to prevent this urban sprawl.

It's designed to prevent the urban area that city or village or town from growing outwards.

Urban sprawl is driven by economic and population growth brought about by urban change.

So basically, as a town develops and grows in terms of its population, that is really trying to force that urban area to sprawl outwards onto that greenbelt area.

Now, perhaps you're a little bit like Jacob in that you're a bit confused about the difference between a greenfield site and greenbelt.

What is the difference? Well, Greenfield is a description of a site, that is land that has never been built on before, whereas greenbelt is the name of a planning policy.

It is land that is protected from development.

So a quick learning check.

It says, who is talking about greenfield sites? You have three statements in front of you, one from Andeep, one from Sam, and one from Alex.

What I'd like you to do is pause the video whilst you read through their statements and try your best to select the correct answer.

And the correct answer was Alex.

So, Greenfield site is land that has never been built on before.

Really well done if you were able to select, Alex is the correct answer.

The second learning check says who is talking about greenbelt land? Once again, I'd like you to read through the three statements in front of you, pause the video and then consider and select your answer.

And the correct answer was Sam; land that is protected from development is what we define as greenbelt land.

So really well done if you were able to select that as the correct answer.

Our third and final check says, what is greenbelt land designed to prevent? Once again now, I would like you to pause the video whilst you try to recall this piece of information.

Best of luck.

And the correct answer is that it is designed to prevent urban sprawl.

Greenbelt land is designed to almost constrict that urban area from growing outwards.

So really, really well done if you are able to recall that piece of information.

12.

6% of England is designated as greenbelt, and this quantity hasn't really changed significantly over the past 20 years.

Now the map in front of you does a great job in showing the location and distribution of those greenbelt areas across England.

And as you can see, the northwest greenbelt covers over 1000 square miles and is preventing urban sprawl between major cities there such as Liverpool and Manchester and other cities.

So, that greenbelt is doing a great job in protecting wildlife and rural areas and it's preventing that urban sprawl and the merging of major cities in those areas.

Land in the Liverpool city region can be broken down.

For example, 30% of the land has been developed while 70% has not yet been developed.

But, of the undeveloped land, 92% is within those protected greenbelt areas.

Only 8% of land in the Liverpool city region is undeveloped and outside of the greenbelt, most of this is in that rural-urban fringe.

Now the greenbelt within the Liverpool city region has prevented significant urban sprawl, but, it has put pressure on areas within the rural-urban fringe that are not protected in the same way that greenbelt areas are.

These rural-urban fringe areas include Crosby, Croxteth Park, and finally Aigburth.

So, Formby, which we can see located in the top left of the map in front of you is what we call a commuter settlement, and it's found in Liverpool's rural-urban fringe and its growth is contributed greatly to the urban sprawl that we're seeing there.

Formby is becoming increasingly desirable for the following reasons.

Firstly is the affordable homes for city workers.

Secondly, the quick train and road networks into Liverpool city centre; the proximity to rural areas as well as the beaches, and finally the good schools and facilities that are located there.

So you can see, how being located in Formby you kind of get the best of both worlds.

You can commute into Liverpool city centre for work, yet also have the benefits of living near rural areas as well as the beaches that you can see located there.

So the first learning check says, what percentage of land in the Liverpool city region is undeveloped? So read through the three options, pause the video whilst you then consider and select your answer.

And the correct answer was B, 70%.

Our second learning check says, what percentage of undeveloped land in Liverpool city region is protected under greenbelt designation? Once again, read through the three options, pause the video whilst you then consider and select your answer.

And the correct answer was C, 92%.

So the final learning check says to use keywords to fill these gaps correctly.

So I'd like you to do is pause the video here whilst you read through the two paragraphs and do your best to fill those gaps correctly.

Best of luck! And the correct answers were, so the first paragraph needed to say the quantity of greenbelt land in the Liverpool city region has meant that additional pressure has been put on areas without protection.

Many of these areas are in the rural-urban fringe.

And the second paragraph needed to say, commuter settlements are found in the rural urban fringe areas of big cities.

Formby is a commuter settlement outside of Liverpool and its growth has contributed to urban sprawl.

So really well done if you are able to identify those two key terms. So there are four practise questions in terms of learning cycle one, and the first one says to match the term to the definition.

So, match the term on the left to the definition on the right.

The second practise question says to rank the local authorities starting with which has the most undeveloped land.

So you need to look at the graphic in front of you and look at the key in order to help you answer this question.

The third practise question says to complete the pie charts to show the percentage of undeveloped land in each local authority that is within the greenbelt and also to add a key.

The fourth and final question says, explain why significant development that the rural-urban fringe of Liverpool local authority is unlikely.

So, what I'd like you to do then is pause the video here whilst you attempt these four practise questions.

Best of luck! Now, in terms of feedback for the first question, this is what the answers should look like.

So brownfield refers to land that has been built on before.

Greenfield refers to land that has not been built on before.

Greenbelt refers to land that is from development.

Rural-urban fringe relates to a broad area of land on the urban rural boundary and finally, urban sprawl refers to outward growth of a city or town.

The second practise question asks you to rank the local authority starting with which has the most undeveloped land and this is what it should have looked like.

So we have, St.

Helens, we have Sefton, we have Wirral, we have Knowsley, we have Halton, and finally we have Liverpool.

So really well done if you also got that correct order.

In terms of the third practise question, you needed to complete the pie charts to show the percentage of undeveloped land in each local authority that is within the greenbelt to also add a key.

So you can see the statistics in front of you.

And we are looking at the green shaded area there as part of our key.

So please compare your own answer in terms of the pie charts with the ones in front of you.

For our fourth and final question, you were asked to explain why significant development of the rural-urban fringe of Liverpool local authority is unlikely.

Now your answer is likely to be similar to this.

It says significant development in the rural-urban fringe of the Liverpool local authority is unlikely as 97% of the area is protected by greenbelt designation.

This means building on the land is much more challenging as there are laws to actually prevent this from development.

So really, really well done if you also were able to include anything like that in your own answer.

We're on now to our second and final learning cycle, and this is all about the impact of the urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe.

Where development does occur, the impacts of urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe can be categorised into the following ways, looking at positive as well as the negative impacts.

In terms of the positive impacts, we see more affordable housing in those regions.

There is a lower density of housing, meaning that the houses can be much more appropriately spaced apart, enabling people and families to have much better living space.

Cheaper rents for businesses can be found there since they're outside of the city centre.

There is also increased leisure and entertainment opportunities there with real space for real recreation.

There can be positive impacts in terms of increased employment opportunities in those areas, but also there is greater access to transport network networks, for example, motorways.

In terms of the negative impacts though, this can create more traffic congestion in our rural areas.

This can also lead to a loss of countryside as well with the building on countryside and rural areas.

This is then gonna lead to an increase in air and noise pollution with the obvious contribution then to global warming via carbon dioxide emissions.

And finally, yes, the loss of wildlife and habitats as well.

So I have a quick question for you, which is, looking at these positive and negative impacts, how can we categorise these impacts further? Now, you may like to pause the video here whilst you consider your own answer to that question or even have a discussion with someone next to you.

We can try to categorise these positive and negative impacts further into social, economic and environmental.

If we look at then the map in front of you, we can see, that there is this New Mersey Retail Park, which is offering leisure and employment opportunities, thereby looking at the social and economic aspects.

Halewood also has a number of new housing developments.

So, we're really trying to tackle the UK housing shortage in this way, again, bringing social and perhaps even economic impacts.

Negative impacts though are mainly environmental because we have a loss of countryside, for example, at Croxteth Park, and obviously this is then going to have a knock on effect to habitats and wildlife as well, which of course need to be protected.

The New Mersey Retail Park has increased traffic congestion leading to increased air and noise pollution as well.

Now the proposed potential expansion of Liverpool's John Lennon airport threatens greenbelt land.

This area is shown on the satellite image in front of you.

Now, conservationists are really, really concerned about the destruction of habitats in Oglet, which is an area of wetlands which is important for birds, bats, plants, and amphibians.

So time for a quick learning check and it says true or false.

Positive impacts of urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe are mainly environmental.

What I'd like you to do then is pause the video whilst you consider as to whether this statement is true or false.

And the correct answer was false.

Now, once again, I'd like you to pause the video whilst you consider as to why this statement is false.

And the reason it's false is because positive impacts of urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe are mainly social and economic, not environmental.

For example, employment opportunities, more housing opportunities, greater space for those housing as well.

So these tend to be more socioeconomic in terms of the positives.

The second learning check says the proposed expansion of Liverpool John Lennon Airport threatens wetland habitats in.

Now what I'd like you again to do is pause the video whilst you try to recall this piece of information.

And the correct answer was C, Oglet.

Really well done if you're able to recall that piece of information.

And now onto our final two practise questions for this lesson and the two practise questions say, the first one is to list three positive and three negative impacts of urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe.

The second practise question says to match the play specific detail to the impacts.

So you have the place specific detail on the left with the impacts on the right.

What I'd like you to do then is pause the video here whilst you attempt these two practise questions.

Best of luck! In terms of feedback then, you were asked to list three positive and three negative impacts of urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe.

And these are some of the answers which you may have included.

So for positive impacts, you may have said, more affordable housing, lower density housing, cheaper rents for businesses, increased leisure and entertainment opportunities, more employment opportunities and finally, access to transport networks, for example, motorways.

In terms of negative impacts, you may have included traffic congestion, loss of countryside, air and noise pollution and loss of wildlife and habitats.

The second practise question asked you to match the place specific detail to the impacts, and these were the correct answers.

So, New Mersey Retail Park offers leisure and employment opportunities.

Halewood Park is an area of new housing.

Croxteth Park involves the loss of countryside.

The Mersey Retail Park has increased traffic congestion and Oglet is potentially causing the destruction of wildlife habitats.

So really, really well done if you are able to get those answers correct.

In terms of a summary then, urban sprawl around major cities has been significantly prevented due to the extensive greenbelt, which surrounds those urban areas.

8% of land in the Liverpool city region is unprotected and undeveloped.

Most of this is in the rural-urban fringe and includes commuter settlements like Formby.

There are positive impacts related to this because it brings employment opportunities, more space and affordable housing, but unfortunately there are negative impacts as well.

And this includes the loss of countryside and a threat to habitats and wildlife as well as increased congestion.

So really, really well done during today's lesson.

It was a pleasure teaching you and I will see you again on the next lesson.

Goodbye!.