Hello, Mrs. Lomas here.

I am a primary school teacher that really loves geography.

I'm super excited to be with you in your lesson today.

So why don't we find out what we're going to do? Today's lesson is all about impacts of the UK's changing population as part of our "The UK: Who are we?" unit.

By the end of today's lesson, you will be able to explain some of the benefits that migrants have brought to the UK and how they have contributed to its culture.

We have some key words today.

They are census, data, inhabitants, and population.

Let's try my turn, your turn.

Census.

Data.

Inhabitants.

Population.

Well done, let's find out what they mean.

A census is the official collection of data about a whole population.

Data is a collection of information that can be analysed to help us answer a question.

Inhabitants are the people who live in a defined area.

And population is the total number of people living in a particular area.

So look out for those keywords in today's lesson.

Today's lesson is split into three parts.

We have: How do we find out about the UK's population? How is the UK's population changing? And looking at some of the changes migration causes.

So let's start with "How do we find out about the UK's population?" A census is an official count of the inhabitants of an area.

It is carried out every 10 years.

The most recent census took place in 2021.

There are quite a lot of questions on the census.

And data is collected from each household.

Everyone in the family has to be added and it is against the law to lie on the form.

The census is carried out on a particular date.

Everyone has to say where they lived on that date.

The census in 2021 took place on the 21st of March 2021.

This would've been the first time you appeared on a census if you were born after 2011.

So let's do a quick check, shall we? True or false, people do not have to fill in the census form.

And once you've decided if that is true or false, I want you to justify your answer with either A, people need to fill in the form or they can be fined, or B, if people did not fill in the form, the results would not be complete.

Pause the video, have a go, come back and check your answers.

How did you get on? If you said that it was false because people need to fill in the form or they can be fined, then you would be correct.

Well done.

The census tells us how the population is changing.

The graph shows how the population of the UK has increased since 1801.

This is using data from each census.

No census was held in 1941 because of the Second World War.

Pause the video and have a look at the graph together with your class.

And then when you're ready, come back.

Over 10 years, we might expect some changes to the population.

The number of inhabitants will have risen.

There are likely to be more older people in the population.

And some people will have moved house, some into the countryside and others will have moved into cities.

What other changes might we see? Some people will have left school and started a job.

Some people will have finished working and retired.

And some people will have started work in a new location or now work from home.

And some people's health will have changed.

True or false, we can use a census to find out about changes to the UK's population every year.

Once you've decided if this is true or false, I want you to justify your answer with either A, the census records changes to the UK's population, or B, the census shows changes to the UK's population every 10 years.

So one more time, true or false, we can use a census to find out about changes to the UK's population every year.

And once you've decided if that is true or false, I want you to justify your answer using either A, the census records changes to the UK's population, or B, the census shows changes to the UK's population every 10 years.

Pause the video, have a go, and come back when you're ready.

How did you get on? If you said that it was false because the census shows changes to the UK's population every 10 years, so B, you would be correct.

Well done.

So it's time for Task A.

Imagine you are working for the census.

Your friend asks why they need to fill it out.

Can you explain what type of information the census collects and what it will tell us? Pause the video, have a go, and when you're ready, we'll have a look at one that I tried.

How did you get on? I said that the census is carried out every 10 years and tells us how the population has changed over the last 10 years.

For example, it tells us how the number of old and young people changes, where people are moving from and to, and what jobs people have.

You might've also included some other ideas as well.

But if you've missed anything out, now is your chance to pause the video and add anything in that you need to.

So we've had a look at "How do we find out about the UK's population?" now let's have a look at "How is the UK's population changing?" There are several important changes to the UK's population which the census reveals each time it takes place.

The changes are important as they guide decisions on what the government will spend money on.

For example, if more children are being born, we will need more primary schools and to train more primary school teachers.

The first important change is that the population of the UK is getting older.

Of course, we are all getting older every day, but there are now more old people staying alive than ever before.

This means we need to provide more support for people who are older, such as care home places, medical facilities, and suitable housing.

Another important change is that there are fewer young people.

The birth rate is going down, which means that fewer children are being born.

Meanwhile, as people get older, they have fewer children than in the past.

Families are a lot smaller than they were 50 years ago.

Time for a little check.

True or false, there are fewer old people in the UK's population than in the past.

Once you've decided if that is or false, I want you to justify your answer with either A, people live longer than they did in the past so there are more old people, or B, people don't live as long as before, which means fewer old people.

Have a go, collect your answers, and come back when you're ready to check.

How did you get on? If you said that it was false because, A, people live longer than they did in the past so there are more old people, you'd be correct.

Well done.

So now it's time for Task B.

The census tells us some of the things that change over 10 years.

The next census will be in 2031.

What do you expect you will be doing then? What might've changed for members of your family? For example, where they live or work, or if there may have been babies born to increase your family population.

For Task B, I want you to pause the video and have a discussion about these questions.

You might want to note down your answer in your jotters.

So pause the video and have a think about what do you expect you will be doing when it is the next census in 2031 and what might have changed for members of your family.

Pause the video, have a go, and when you're ready, come back and we'll have a look at one that I've had a go at.

How did you get on? So I said, imagining that I am in your class and not me, "At the next census in 2031, I will be 15 years old.

I will be doing my GCSEs at secondary school.

I hope we live in the same house as we do now, but we might have more neighbours because there are lots of houses being built near us.

My stepdad will be 68, so I think he will not be working anymore.

My mum will be 59, so she will probably still work.

My brother will be 26.

He will have finished university and will have a job.

He will probably live in a different house of his own, which will be good because I won't have to share the PlayStation with him.

My stepsister will be 31.

She has a boyfriend, so she might have a baby by then, which would make me an uncle." Or, an auntie.

I was obviously imagining I was a boy in your class.

(laughs) You might've had lots of different ideas.

If you think, "Oh, there's something good that I want to put in my answer," now is your chance to pause the video, add in anything you want or make any changes you want to make to your answers.

So we've looked at, "How do we find out about the UK's population?" and "How is the UK's population changing?" Now we're going to be looking at some of the changes migration causes.

Migration has led to changes in cities.

Migrants tend to live in cities because this is where there are more jobs available.

Migrants to cities tend to be adults of working age.

An ageing population needs looking after.

Older people are more likely to need medical care, so there are lots of people needed to look after them.

Many immigrants find work in the care and health sectors.

Migration has also brought changes to rural areas.

Although there is a lot of machinery used in farming, some crops still have to be picked and processed by hand.

This is often done by migrant workers from the EU and elsewhere.

Migration has brought a need for more school places for the children of immigrants.

New schools take a lot of time to build, so some schools have seen more pupils joining, which may mean larger class sizes.

Has your class size got bigger with lots of people moving in? There are also changes in the creative industries, as music, poetry, and other arts attract young people from different backgrounds and the culture they bring influences UK culture.

For example, Caribbean musicians introduced styles such as ska and reggae into UK culture.

Let's have a quick check.

Which of these is not a benefit of migration into the UK? A, there are bigger class sizes in schools, B, there are more people available to fill more important jobs that need doing, or C, our culture becomes more varied with more music styles and food to enjoy.

Pause the video, have a go, and come back when you're ready to check your answers.

How did you get on? If you said that, A, there are bigger class sizes in schools is not a benefit of migration into the UK, you would be correct.

Well done.

So now it is time for Task C.

Describe some possible effects of increasing migration on a city near to you.

Mention some of the changes that you might notice if you walked down the main street in that city.

Pause the video, have a go, and when you are ready, come back and we'll have a look at one that I've tried.

How did you get on? I suggested that there will be more people needing work and houses and things like doctors and schools.

We might see more children in our class at school.

Migrants will not be obvious because people who were born in the UK might also have all of these characteristics.

It's really difficult to say for certain that someone is a migrant.

However, we might notice people wearing different clothes or hear more different languages being spoken than before.

We may see more shops and cafes opening, which cater for other nationalities because the number of potential customers is increasing.

You, of course, will have had lots of different ideas to me as well.

But if there's anything in my answer that you think, "Oh, yes, I wish I'd added that," or you want to make any changes to yours, now is your chance to pause the video, make a few changes, and come back when you're ready.

In summary for our Impacts of the UK's changing population lesson, the census tells us about the changes that happen in the population, it happens every 10 years; the most recent census told us that the UK's population is getting older and that a higher number of inhabitants were born outside of the UK; these people bring many benefits to the country and help its population to grow.

Well done on all your hard work today, everybody.

I hope you found that lesson really interesting.

I know I did.

And I'm excited to see you hopefully in another lesson soon.

Bye.