Lesson video

Hello, everyone.

My name is Mrs. Riley, and I'm here today to do some grammar learning with you.

Today we're going to learn to write a different type of sentence, and this sentence will impress anyone.

So we're learning a new tool today that you can use for your writing that will be very helpful.

So I hope you've got your listening ears ready and you've got those thinking brains ready.

So let's get started.

The outcome of today's lesson is to join two simple sentences with and.

Here are the key words we'll be using in today's lesson.

I'm going to say each one, and I'd like you to repeat it back to me.

My turn, your turn.

Try and be really nice, and loud, and clear when you say these words back.

Are you ready? Joining word.

Build on.

Related.

Well done.

Because there weren't that many, should we do them again one last time? But this time, even louder.

Joining word.

Build on.

Related.

Well done.

That was so loud.

Now some of those words might be a bit unfamiliar, but don't worry because by the end of the lesson you are going to feel really confident with what each of those means.

So in today's lesson, we are going to first review simple sentences.

Let's listen to some simple sentences.

The sun is hot.

I went to the shops.

We walked up the hill.

Sam went to the beach.

All of these sentences are about one idea.

The sun is hot.

I'm not talking about the rain or the clouds, or how I feel, or anything else.

I'm just saying that the sun is hot.

I went to the shops.

I'm not telling you which shop or what I bought, or how I was feeling.

I'm just saying one simple idea.

I went to the shops.

And that is one of the features of a simple sentence.

A simple sentence must also contain a verb, a being or doing word.

The sun is hot.

Now this is tricky, because sun is a noun, it's a thing, and hot is an adjective.

It describes the sun, but so where is the verb? The sun is hot.

I know it's not sun and I know it's not hot.

So that leaves me with the or is.

Hmm, could you shout out what's the being or doing word? What's the verb? Well done.

It's is.

Is, is a being word.

I went to the shops.

What's the verb? What's the thing that I am doing in this sentence? Maybe hold it on your chest.

I went to the shops.

The verb is.

Well done.

Went.

That's the thing I did.

We walked up the hill.

What's the verb in this sentence? What's the thing that we are doing? Hold it on your chest.

The verb is.

Well done.

The verb is walked.

Sam went to the beach.

Hold the verb on your chest.

What's the verb in that sentence? Well done.

The verb is went.

Sam went to the beach.

Let's check your understanding.

A simple sentence is about, A, one idea, B, two ideas, or C, three ideas.

Pause the video while you answer the question.

Well done if you got the answer.

A, a simple sentence is about one idea.

Simple sentences must make complete sense.

Let's say these sentences out loud to check they make complete sense.

The sun is hot.

Hmm.

Yes, that sounds right to me.

I went to the shops.

That also makes sense.

We walked up the hill.

That makes sense too.

And finally, Sam went to the beach.

All of these simple sentences make sense.

If they were a sentence that I've read in a story, they would make sense by themselves.

They all start with a capital letter and they all end with a full stop.

Here are some more sentences.

Read each sentence out loud and decide if it makes complete sense.

Are you ready? Aisha loves cats.

Hmm, have some thinking time.

Maybe you could show me.

Thumbs up if you think it makes sense or thumbs down if you think it doesn't make sense.

Aisha loves cats.

Well done.

It makes sense.

It's got the verb in it, loves.

It's got a noun, Aisha and cats.

It's got a capital letter and a full stop.

Right.

The next example.

The man yawns.

(Mrs. Riley yawns) Thumbs up or thumbs down, does it make complete sense? Yes, well done.

The man yawns.

Yawns is the verb, the doing word, and it makes complete sense.

Small mouse.

Small mouse.

Thumbs up or thumbs down, does this make complete sense? Well done.

You couldn't have a line in a book that just said small mouse.

Maybe if it was an information text and it was just a caption under a picture, that would be okay.

But it is not a simple sentence.

I played the drums. Thumbs up or thumbs down, does it make complete sense? Well done.

It does.

It has the verb in it, played.

It's got a capital letter and a full stop.

Here's a chance to check your understanding.

Which of these sentences makes complete sense? A, Andeep collected the pens, B, the library, C, the books fell, D, I sat quietly.

Pause the video while you decide if each of these makes complete sense.

Let's go through the answers.

Andeep collected the pens.

That makes sense, so I'm going to give it a tick.

The library.

This isn't a sentence, this is just a phrase.

The books fell.

That makes sense.

It's got a verb, fell.

It's got a capital letter and full stop.

So I'm going to give it a tick.

And finally, I sat quietly.

That also makes complete sense, so I'm going to give it a tick.

So the only incorrect answer was, the library.

We can use this table to help us to check some of the features of a simple sentence.

Let's have a look at the table.

So in one column, we've got noun, a naming word for people, places, or things.

The next column along, we've got verb, a being or doing word.

Next, we have one idea.

That means the sentence has got to only be about one idea.

It can't be about two or three, or four things.

The next column says it makes sense.

And then the next column, the capital A and the small a is the symbol for a capital letter.

And finally, a full stop.

So let's look at our first example.

Let's go through each column and decide if it has each feature.

If it does, we can give it a tick.

The children danced.

Children is a noun.

It's a thing.

Danced is a verb, it's a doing word.

It's about one idea.

The children danced.

It makes sense.

It has a capital letter and it has a full stop.

Because this sentence has every single feature in our table, that means it is a simple sentence.

If only one of the features is missing, that means it cannot be a simple sentence.

Let's look at the next example.

A bee.

Hmm.

Well, I can see this has a noun.

A bee is a noun, it's a thing, but the bee isn't doing anything.

So it has no verb.

It doesn't make sense.

It has a capital letter, but it has no full stop.

So this is not a simple sentence.

This is a phrase.

Let's look at the next example.

Is fast.

Hmm.

There's no noun here.

It has got a verb, is, is a being verb, but it doesn't make sense, and it has no capital letter and no full stop.

So this is definitely not a simple sentence.

And finally, the teacher clapped.

The teacher is a noun.

It is a person.

Clapped is a doing word.

It's what the teacher is doing.

It's about one idea.

It makes sense.

It has a capital letter and it has a full stop.

So that is also a simple sentence.

It's now time for you to complete your own task using a table.

Just like we looked at earlier.

You have got all of the columns that we just spoke about.

So we've got noun, verb, one idea, makes sense, capital letter, and full stop.

You have to read each sentence and decide if it has each of these features.

If it does have each feature, give it a tick.

If it doesn't, leave it blank.

Remember, it has to have every single feature to be a proper simple sentence.

Let me read the sentences to you.

Dad baked bread.

Talks loudly.

Sam is cold.

The teacher.

Could you pause the video now while you go through each sentence and check the features in our table.

Remember, if it has got one of the features, give it a tick.

If not, leave it blank.

Pause the video while you complete this task.

Well done.

Let's go through the answers.

Dad baked bread.

Dad is the noun, baked is the verb.

It's about one idea.

It makes sense.

It has a capital letter and it has a full stop.

So this is a proper simple sentence.

Talks loudly.

Hmm.

Talks is a verb, loudly is an adverb, so it has no noun.

It is about one idea but it doesn't make sense.

Talks loudly.

And it has no capital letter and no full stop.

So this is not a simple sentence.

Sam is cold.

Sam is a noun, he is a person.

Is, is a being word.

It's a verb.

It is about one idea.

It makes sense.

It has a capital letter and it has a full stop.

So this is also a simple sentence.

And finally, the teacher.

Hmm, teacher is a noun, but the teacher isn't doing anything.

It hasn't got a verb.

It hasn't also got a being word.

It doesn't say the teacher is, it just says the teacher.

It doesn't make sense.

It does have a capital letter, but it has no full stop.

Now remember, if it's a simple sentence, we have to tick every single feature.

So this is definitely not a simple sentence.

Let's move on to our second learning cycle.

Joining one idea to a second idea.

So we know that simple sentences are about one idea.

How many ideas can a simple sentence be about? One.

Not two, not three, not 100.

Just one idea.

The sun is hot.

We can also write sentences about two ideas.

(gasps) Let's find out how to do that.

We can use a joining word to help us to join the first idea to the second idea.

Can you do this action? So imagine we've got our first idea and our second idea, and I'm joining them together.

And let's say that together.

Joining word.

Your turn.

Well done.

So the sun is hot, that's about one idea.

And the sky is clear, that's my second idea.

The sun is hot.

The sky is clear.

They are two simple sentences, but I have joined them with the joining word and.

And now I've got a sentence about two ideas.

This sentence is about two ideas.

The sun is hot and the sky is clear.

The sun is hot is idea one.

The sky is clear is idea two.

And, and is our joining word.

Both ideas contain a verb.

The sun is hot.

Is, is the verb.

And the sky is clear.

Is, is the verb in that as well.

It's a being word, a being verb.

And we have joined them together with the joining word and, but importantly, both ideas make sense on their own.

We could snap it in half and take away the and, and both of those sentences would make sense by themselves.

If I said the sun is hot and bright, that wouldn't make sense because the sun is hot would make sense, but bright wouldn't be a simple sentence by itself.

So both ideas have to make sense, and then we join them with the word and.

That was a lot of information, so let's check your understanding.

Which word can be used to join two sentences? Is it A, the, B, I, or C, and? Pause the video while you think of your answer.

Well done.

The correct answer is C.

And can join two sentences together.

We can use the joining word and to help us build on to our first idea.

The sun is hot is idea one.

When we build on to a sentence using and, we're adding more information to our first idea.

So can you just do this action.

Building on.

Well done.

Building on.

So we're adding more information.

We're building on to our first idea.

The sky is clear.

That's my second idea.

I'm building on to the first idea about the sun being hot by then describing what the sky is like.

But importantly, my second idea is related to the first idea.

It's adding some more information to what we already know.

Now you might know the word related from your family.

If you are related to someone, it means you are from the same family as them.

For example, I am related to my sister or I am related to my cousin.

Sometimes we use the word relation.

They are my relation.

And related in sentences is a bit like that.

It's like, it has to be not from the same family, but there's a connection.

If it's not related, it would be about two completely different things.

For example, if I said, the sun is hot and I like long baths, that's not related.

The sun is hot is about the weather, and I like baths is about a completely different idea.

So when we're using this joining word and, we're trying to think of two ideas that are related, that build onto each other.

And the word, and, then joins them together.

It is important that both ideas must make sense.

I went to the shops is idea one.

I got an apple, idea two.

Now let's just check if both of those make sense in isolation.

I went to the shops, full stop.

Yes, that makes sense.

I got an apple.

Yes, that also makes sense.

The second idea is also related to the first idea.

I went to the shops.

I got an apple.

I got an apple when I went to the shops.

My second idea is related to my first idea.

It wouldn't make sense if I said, I went to the shops.

I would like to be an astronaut.

They are two completely different ideas.

They're not related to each other.

Both sentences also contain a verb.

I went to the shops, went is the doing word, and I got an apple, got is the doing verb.

We can use the joining word, and, to join them together.

Let's have a look what that will look like.

Ah, I went to the shops and I got an apple.

I have joined my two ideas using the joining word and, and I've taken away the full stop.

That was a lot of information again, so let's check your understanding.

Only the first idea in the sentence needs to contain a verb, true or false? Pause the video while you think about the answer.

Well done.

This is false.

Both ideas must contain a verb.

Let's look at some more examples.

We walked up the hill.

That's my idea one.

Hmm, perhaps before I show you the second idea, you could have a think.

What could build on or be related to that idea? We walked up the hill and.

Hmm.

Have some thinking time.

Well done.

Let's look at my second idea.

We walked up the hill.

The view was stunning.

Stunning is another word for beautiful.

That's my second idea.

Ah, and I've joined them using the joining word and.

We walked up the hill and the view was stunning.

Sam went to the beach.

That's my first idea.

Sam went to the beach.

Went is the verb.

He built a sandcastle.

Built is my second idea.

Built is the verb.

How could I join these two ideas together? Sam went to the beach.

He built a sandcastle.

What's missing? What's missing in the middle? Well done.

And is missing.

Sam went to the beach and he built a sandcastle.

Here's another check for understanding.

The second idea must, A, be about something completely different to the first idea, B, build on the first idea, C, be related to the first idea.

There might be more than one answer.

Pause the video now.

Well done if you got the answers B and C.

The second idea must build on the first idea, and it must be related to the first idea.

So the second idea is related to the first idea.

It must build on the first idea.

So let's match these first ideas to the second ideas that they are related to.

Dad baked bread.

The teacher clapped (claps).

Aisha (yawns) was tired.

They're all of my first ideas.

Here are my second ideas.

The class went quiet.

She missed her sister.

It tasted delicious.

Now what we're trying to do is match the first idea to the second idea.

And this can be quite tricky.

So what my advice would be is read the first idea and then read it with each of the second ideas, and try and listen to which one sounds right.

I'm going to do the first one for you.

Dad baked bread and the class went quiet.

Hmm.

Dad baked bread and the class went quiet.

Hmm, those two things aren't really related.

They don't build on each other, so I don't think that they match.

Let me try again.

Dad baked bread and she missed her sister.

Well, I know that they're not related because dad is a boy.

Dad baked bread and she missed her sister.

They don't match up.

So I know that that can't be the correct answer either.

Dad baked bread and it tasted delicious.

Ah, those two things are related.

It tasted delicious builds on the the first idea, which is that dad baked bread.

So those two would match.

Dad baked bread, it tasted delicious.

Could you now pause the video and try and see if you can spot which of the second ideas matches with the first ideas for the other two examples? Pause the video now.

Well done.

Let's go through the answers.

So we already know the first one.

Dad baked bread, it tasted delicious.

The second example.

The first idea is the teacher clapped.

The class went quiet.

Sometimes teachers might clap (claps) to get the attention of their class, and then the class would go quiet.

So that makes sense.

They are related.

Aisha was tired.

She missed her sister.

So they're two things that are related.

Maybe Aisha had had a bad day at school and the teacher might say to her parent or carer, "Today's not been a great day for Aisha, I think it was because she was tired and she missed her sister." They're two things that may be, two reasons, why Aisha might have not had a great day.

They are related.

They build onto each other.

We can now join these sentences using and.

So we've got first ideas and second ideas that are related.

They both make sense by themselves.

So now we can connect them or join them with that joining word and.

Dad baked bread and it tasted delicious.

The teacher clapped and the class went quiet.

Aisha was tired and she missed her sister.

It's now time for you to do a task.

Just as we have just practised.

I would like you to first draw a line to match the first idea to the second idea that it relates to.

Here are the first ideas.

The wind blows.

Alex bikes to the park.

The dog barked.

Here are the second ideas.

The cat ran away.

The leaves rustle.

He meets his friends.

First of all, you need to draw a line to match the first idea to the second idea that it is related to.

Once you've done that, you can put the two related ideas in a sentence scaffold, and then make a complete sentence joined with and.

So when you've got your two ideas that are matched, you can then put them in a sentence using and.

And here's the sentence scaffold.

So good luck with this task.

Pause the video now.

Well done.

Let's go through the answers.

So first of all, I'm going to try and join up my ideas that are related to each other.

So the wind blows.

The cat ran away.

Hmm, well, I suppose the wind blowing could make the cat ran away, but I'm not convinced.

So I'm gonna check the others to be sure.

The wind blows.

The leaves rustle.

Ooh, now that, I think, definitely is related, because leaves rustle when the leaves blow.

They make that crunching sound.

So I'm going to connect those two together.

Alex bikes to the park.

The cat ran away.

Hmm, Alex bikes to the park.

The cat ran away.

They're not related.

They don't really build onto each other.

Alex bikes to the park.

He meets his friends.

Ah, those two things are related, so they must join together.

And the dog barked.

The cat ran away.

Well, that makes more sense.

If I was a cat, I would probably run away if a dog barked at me.

So now that I've matched my first and second ideas up, I'm now going to try and join them together using the joining word and.

The wind blows and the leaves rustle.

Alex bikes to the park and he meets his friends.

The dog barked and the cat ran away.

Hopefully, you can all see that I have taken two ideas, and I have joined them together using the joining word and.

This is a really impressive tool that you could use in your writing.

Because now, rather than just writing a sentence about only one idea, you can write a sentence about two ideas and join it with the word and.

Remember that the first and second idea have to be related.

I'm sure anyone would be so impressed if you wrote a sentence about two ideas using the joining word and.

Here's a summary of what we've learned today.

We've learned that and is a type of joining word.

A joining word can join two simple sentences.

It can connect them.

Each simple sentence still must make complete sense on its own.

Each simple sentence must also contain a verb.

The second idea builds on the first idea.

And the second idea is related to the first idea.

Well done for all your hard work, you should feel extremely proud of yourselves.

Hopefully I'll see you again soon.

Bye.