Lesson video

Hello, everyone.

My name is Mrs. Riley, and I'm here today to do some grammar learning with you.

In today's lesson, we're going to be learning a new type of sentence, and this type of sentence will be really helpful in your writing.

So I hope you're excited to learn something new.

Let's get started.

The outcome of today's lesson is to join two simple sentences with or.

Here are our key words for today's lesson.

I'm going to say each one, and then I'd like you to repeat it back to me.

So make sure you've got your listening ears ready and your loud speaking voices ready.

Here we go.

Joining word.

Well done.

Compound sentence.

Option.

Result.

Well done.

Don't worry if you're not sure what any of these words mean, because we are going to talk about them a lot in our lesson today, and we're going to do some actions to go along with them that's going to help us to remember exactly what they mean.

So in today's lesson, we are going to start off by reviewing and and but.

So let's listen to some sentences.

Are you sitting up straight? Have you got your listening ears ready? Here we go.

The wind blew, and the windows rattled.

I wonder if you've ever heard wind that's so noisy it makes the windows rattle.

We had no map, but we found the museum.

Laura likes painting, and she likes modern dance.

They ordered food, but it was cold when it arrived.

Oh dear.

That's not very good.

So all of these sentences are about two ideas.

All of these sentences are about how many ideas? That's right.

Two ideas.

Let's look at them in a bit more detail.

Each idea is of equal importance.

So let's look at the sentences again.

The wind blew and the windows rattled.

Hmm.

What do you notice about that word there that's in a different colour? The wind blew and the windows rattled.

Have some thinking time.

Hmm.

What do you notice? What does that special word do? What's its job? And I'm going to give you a clue.

We had no map, but we found the museum.

Again look at that word there in purple.

What's its job? What's it doing? Laura likes painting, and she likes modern dance.

They ordered food, but it was cold when it arrived.

So all of these sentences are compound sentences.

Perhaps you can say that with me with the action.

Are you ready? Compound sentences.

Compound sentences are formed of two simple sentences and a joining word.

The joining word in our sentences here is either and, or it's but.

They are both joining words.

The reason I do this action is because they are joining two simple sentences together.

So let's check what we've just learned.

Can you identify, that means can you find, the compound sentences? A, she rang the bell, and she heard voices behind the door.

B, what a beautiful day it is.

C, the stars twinkled, but the moon was behind a cloud.

D, Alex likes tennis and cricket.

Could you pause the video while you try to identify the compound sentences? Remember, they will have a joining word and they will be about two ideas.

Pause the video now.

Well done for giving that a go.

Let's go through the answers.

The compound sentences are: A, she rang the bell, and she heard voices behind the door.

There are two ideas and they're joined with and.

The other compound sentence is the stars twinkled, but the moon was behind a cloud.

Quite often when we use but, I use this action because it's like they're opposing ideas.

So even though the stars were twinkling, that's a nice thing, we couldn't see them because they were behind a cloud.

The stars twinkled, but they were behind a cloud.

Sorry, the moon was behind a cloud, not the stars.

Perhaps the stars were as well.

The other options aren't compound sentences because they are only about one thing.

What a beautiful day it is, and Alex likes tennis and cricket.

It may have tricked you because in D it says Alex likes tennis and cricket.

But the and in that sentence isn't joining two simple sentences.

We are just using and like in a list, like, I like apples, bananas, and oranges.

Okay, so sometimes we can see that word and, and we can think it's a compound sentence.

So we need to check really carefully that either side of and are two simple sentences, and that they are of equal importance on our balancing scales.

Okay, so we have learned about two joining words: and and but.

I finished my lunch, and I went outside.

The crown is heavy, but it is beautiful.

So we use and for building on.

Can you do this action with me and say, building on? Building on.

Well done.

The player scored and the crowd cheered.

My second idea, the crowd cheered, builds on to my first idea, the player scored.

I got home and I did my home learning.

The second idea builds onto my first idea.

Jun went skating and he got hot chocolate.

Again the second idea builds onto the first one.

So let's check what we've just learned.

The joining word and is used when the second idea builds on the first idea in a compound sentence.

Is this true or false? Pause the video now.

Well done.

It is true.

The joining word and is used when the second idea builds on the first idea in a compound sentence.

Ooh.

But we use but for a different reason.

We use but for opposing ideas.

They're not the same idea that builds on.

They are opposing ideas.

They're different.

So let's look at some examples.

It was raining, but the match went ahead.

I got home, but I had forgotten my home learning.

Jun went skating, but he lost his socks.

So let's check that understanding.

When can we use the joining word but in a sentence? A, to build onto the first idea in a sentence.

B, to join opposing ideas.

C, to join two ideas.

Or D, to start a compound sentence.

Pause the video while you think about the answer.

Okay, well done.

Let's go through the answers.

We can use the joining word but in a sentence to join opposing ideas or just to join two ideas.

So I would like you to fill the gap with the joining word that best fits in these compound sentences.

This is what you are going to do for your task in a minute.

So let's look at this one together.

So our choices are and or but.

These are the two joining words that we already know.

Izzy listens to her teacher, hmm, she will not listen to her brother.

Hmm, let's look at the other example.

Izzy listens to her teacher, hmm, she tidies the toys away.

So in one of these compound sentences, we are going to join it with and, join the two simple sentences with and, and in the other one we're going to use but.

But which one fits best in each sentence? Perhaps you could have some thinking time.

And if you like, you could even pause the video while you decide which joining word fits best in which compound sentence.

Oh, well done.

I could see everyone thinking really hard there.

Now, I quite often, if I'm a bit unsure which joining word to use, I just try them both out and I try to listen to what sounds right.

So let's have a go at that technique.

Let's try and first of all.

Izzy listens to her teacher, and she will not listen to her brother.

Hmm.

That just didn't sound right.

Izzy listens to her teacher, and she will not listen to her brother.

No.

I think if it was Izzy listens to her teacher, and she listens to her brother, and would work.

But these are opposing ideas.

So I think that but will fit better.

Let's just see.

Izzy listens to her teacher, but she will not listen to her brother.

Hmm.

I think that works much better.

So in this compound sentence, we've used the joining word but.

Let's look at the next example.

Izzy listens to her teacher, and she tidy the toys away.

Yes, I think that one's right as well.

Izzy listens to her teacher, and she tidies the toys away.

The second idea builds onto the first one.

Let's imagine that the teacher has asked the class to tidy the toys away.

So Izzy has listened, and she has completed the task.

The second idea builds onto the first idea.

So again, we've written a compound sentence, but this time we've used the joining word and, and hopefully you can see that even though and and but are both joining words, we use them in a different way.

So it's your chance to show what you have just learned in our task.

I would like you to fill the gap with the joining word that best fits in these compound sentences.

Let's have a look at the sentences.

Your choices are and or but.

I cycled to the park, hmm, I met my friends.

It was freezing cold in the pool, hmm, we had a lot of fun.

The music was loud, hmm, the people were dancing.

You can go to the party, hmm, don't eat too much cake.

Alex wanted to play outside, hmm, it is raining today.

Can you pause the video and decide if you think and or but fits best in each sentence? Remember, and, the second idea builds onto the first, and but is about two opposing ideas.

If you are not sure, try them each in the sentence like we just practised and then you can try to listen to what sounds right.

Good luck.

Pause the video now.

Okay, let's go through the answers.

So I cycled to the park, and I met my friends.

It was freezing in the pool, but we had a lot of fun.

The music was loud, and the people were dancing.

You can go to the party, but don't eat too much cake.

Alex wanted to play outside, but it is raining today.

I wonder if you got those answers right.

Well done for giving that task a go.

So for the second part of our lesson, we are going to now look at using or.

Hmm, let's find out more about this.

Look at these sentences.

I will take my coat, hmm, I will get wet.

We can read a book, hmm, we can go outside.

Shall we go to the cinema, hmm, would you like to go to the park? Let's see if we can use a joining word to form a compound sentence.

I will take my coat and I will get wet.

That sounded a bit odd.

I will take my coat, but I will get wet.

Hmm.

Something doesn't sound quite right here.

Let's try again.

We can read a book, and we can go outside.

We can read a book, but we can go outside.

Doesn't sound right either.

Shall we go to the cinema, and would you like to go to the park? Shall we go to the cinema, but would you like to go to the park? Something's not quite right here.

My joining words and and but aren't fitting in these compound sentences.

I know they're compound sentences because they're about two ideas of equal importance.

But and or but isn't working.

Aren't working, sorry.

So, hmm, I wonder if you could think of a word that would fit here.

I will take my coat, hmm, I will get wet.

Have some thinking time.

Could you think of a word that would fit here? If you can, maybe you could shout it out to me.

Hmm.

I heard some of you saying the word or.

Let's just think about this.

So we know we've got two ideas, but these joining words do not work to join them.

We need another joining word.

Perhaps you are right.

Perhaps it's or.

You were right.

We can use the joining word or.

My turn.

Your turn.

Or.

Well done.

I will take my coat or I will get wet.

Ah, that's sounding much better.

We can read a book or we can go outside.

Shall we go to the cinema or would you like to go to the park? Joining two ideas with or forms a compound sentence.

So now we've got and, but, and or, three joining words that we can use in our writing.

Can you see that in these compound sentences, I have two ideas either side of or? Here's my first and here's my second.

They're all joined with the joining word or.

So joining two ideas with or also forms a compound sentence.

Both ideas in the sentence are equally important.

Here we go.

Look, you can see them on our balancing scales.

So let's check our understanding.

Could you circle the three joining words? Pause the video now.

Well done.

They are and, but, and our new one that we've just learnt, or.

These are all joining words.

The joining word or has a different meaning to and and but.

Oh, okay, so and builds on, but is about opposing ideas.

I wonder what or is going to do.

We can use it when the second idea in the sentence offers a different option to the first idea.

So I'm going to use this action.

A different option.

Can you do that with me? Well done.

A different option.

For example, you can play with your toys or you can help me cook tea.

They are our two options and we've used or to join them.

But we can also use or when the second idea in the sentence might happen as a result of the first idea.

For example, let's go to school or we will miss out on our learning.

A result is what happens if you do something, it's like the consequences.

For example, if you close your eyes, the result is that you cannot see.

So I might say, open your eyes or you can't see.

Okay? So that's what a result is.

It's a consequence of what happens if you do something.

So let's check that understanding.

When do we use or in a sentence? A, to give a different option for the second idea.

B, to join opposing ideas.

C, to say that the second idea might happen as a result of the first idea.

Or D, to build on the first idea in the sentence.

Pause the video while you think about the answer.

Well done.

We use or in a sentence to give a different option for the second idea.

A different option.

This or this.

Or to say that the second idea might happen as a result of the first idea.

For example, open your eyes or you can't see.

So let's look at some examples of the joining word or offering a different option to the first idea.

So in all of these compound sentences, or is giving us two options, okay? Shall we bake a cake or play with your bricks? You can wear your red dress or you can wear your blue trousers.

Alex could walk to school or he could ride his bike.

Now let's look at some examples of the joining word or being used where the second idea in the sentence might happen as a result of the first idea.

Let's take a snack or we will get hungry.

Take the chicken out of the oven or it will burn.

Eat your vegetables or you won't grow big and strong.

True or false? The joining word or can be used to build on the first idea in a compound sentence.

Pause the video now.

Well done.

This is false.

The joining word or doesn't build on the first idea.

It either gives two options, or the second idea is the result of the first idea.

So decide if or is being used to give another option.

And we're going to write an O or an O for that or to say what might happen as a result of the first idea.

And we'll write an R for result.

So we're gonna do this one together.

I will get dressed quickly or I will be late for school.

Hmm.

I don't think that's two options.

I think the second idea is a result.

If I don't get dressed quickly, I will be late for school.

So I'm going to say that that is going to be R for result.

Would you like an apple or would you prefer a banana? Hmm, I think these are two options, so I'm going to write the letter O.

Sam can do home learning or he can go to afterschool club.

Hmm.

What do you think? Maybe hold it on your chest.

Is it option or a result? 1, 2, 3.

Well done.

This one is an option.

Sam has got two options: home learning or afterschool club.

Wear a coat or you might catch a cold.

Hold it on your chest if you think you know the answer.

Is this an option or a result? Hold it on your chest.

3, 2, 1.

Well done.

This one is a result.

Wear a coat or you might catch a cold.

You might catch a cold if you don't wear your coat.

The second idea is a result of the first idea.

So you are going to do exactly the same thing for your task.

But first, you are going to circle the word joining word or.

So in each sentence you need to circle the joining word or, and then decide if or is being used to give another option or to say what might happen as a result of the first idea.

So here are the sentences.

We can go to the cinema or we could stay at home.

The team must work together or they won't win the game.

Put the books away or Mr. Jones will be disappointed.

Is that your coat or is that Sofia's coat? So I would like you now to pause the video while you first circle the joining word or, and then decide if it's being used to give another option or to say what might happen as a result.

You need to write O for option and R for result at the end of each sentence.

Good luck.

Pause the video now.

Well done.

Let's go through the answers.

So here's the first sentence.

We could go to the cinema or we could stay at home.

Or is the joining word.

And this is an option.

The two options are going to the cinema or staying at home.

The team must work together or they won't win the game.

Here's the joining word or, and this is R for result.

The result if they don't work together is that they won't win the game.

Put the books away or Mr. Jones will be disappointed.

Or is our joining word.

This is R for result.

Mr. Jones will be disappointed if you don't put the books away.

The second idea is a result of the first one.

Is that your coat or is that Sofia's coat? Here's the joining word or, and this is O for option.

There are two options.

Is it your coat or is it Sofia's coat? Let's summarise what we have learned today.

We've learned that or is another type of joining word.

So now we know the three joining words, how amazing.

We know that joining two sentences with or forms a compound sentence.

So now we've got three ways of writing a compound sentence.

The second idea in a sentence can offer a different option in the first idea if or is used to join them.

Or the second idea in the sentence might happen as a result of the first idea if or is used to join them.

So I think you have learned a lot in this lesson.

We've reviewed how to use and and but, and we know we use them in different ways.

And now we've learned a third joining word.

So your writing now should be full of compound sentences because you've got three different types of compound sentence.

Joining two ideas with and, but, or or.

Three different ways to write a compound sentence, how amazing.

You should feel so proud of yourselves.

So well done for all your hard work, and good luck trying to include some compound sentences in your writing or speaking this week.

Well done and I'll see you soon.

Bye.