Hello, I'm Miss Kumar and I'm so pleased that you are learning with me today.

Today's lesson is called Keeping Our Bodies Strong, and it is taken from our unit Physical Health.

How can I get active and eat well every day? I'd really like you to do this lesson with a trusted adult.

There might be some parts of the lesson that you find tricky or a little bit worrying.

If that does happen, please pause the video and speak to your trusted adult.

The outcome for today's lesson is I can explain how bones and muscles make my body strong.

Before we begin any learning, let's remind ourselves of some important ground rules.

Laura reminds us to listen to others.

You need to make sure we have our best listening ears on and that we take turns to speak.

Jacob reminds us, no judgement.

This should be a safe space for us to talk and we mustn't laugh or make anyone feel silly for the things that they say.

Andy says, respect privacy.

We mustn't share what people have talked about in our lesson outside of the classroom.

And Izzy says, choose your level of participation.

If you don't want to take part in a discussion and you'd rather sit and listen, that's absolutely fine.

Nobody should be made to do anything.

Throughout the lesson, you might notice that there are some words that are slightly darker on the screen than others.

These are very important keywords.

Let's take a quick look at what today's keywords are and what they mean.

Skeleton.

A skeleton is a set of bones that are connected together.

Calcium.

Calcium is a mineral that helps to build strong bones and teeth.

Protein.

Protein is a nutrient which helps the body to grow and become strong.

And exercise.

Exercise is moving our bodies to stay strong and healthy.

Today's lesson is split into three parts.

Let's start with part one.

What do our bones do? Our bodies are amazing.

Think about all the things that you've already done today with the help of your body.

Izzy says, "My body helps me run fast when we are playing chase at playtime." I wonder how many of you play chase at playtime? Alex says, "My body helps me to play my favourite sport, basketball." What's your favourite sport and how does your body help you? All humans have skeletons inside their body.

Our skeletons are a set of bones that are connected together and our skeleton has a very important job.

It's there to support and give us shape.

It's there to protect our organs and it also helps us to move.

A baby is actually born with around 300 bones.

That's because a baby needs to have a flexible skeleton during birth, but as a child grows, some of those bones actually fuse together.

That means join together so that by the time somebody is an adult, instead of 300 bones, they have 206 in total.

True or false.

An adult has a total of 300 bones in their skeleton.

You can pause to think, press play when you're ready to move on.

The answer is false.

Can you remember why? A baby is born with 300 bones.

Some of these bones fuse together so that when they become an adult they have 206 bones in total.

Well done if you remembered that.

Different bones have different jobs within our bodies.

On the screen you can see a picture of a human skeleton.

Let's take a look at the different parts of the skeleton and what they do.

The skull and the ribs are there to protect.

The skull, which is also called the cranium, is there to protect our brain and the ribs are like a cage built around our heart and lungs to keep them safe.

The pelvis and the spine are there to support.

The pelvis helps us to carry our body weight and the spine which we sometimes call the backbone is there to carry our body weight, but also to keep us standing upright.

And the femur, which is sometimes called the thigh bone, is there to do two things.

It's there to support our body weight, but it's also there to help us move.

Bones are made of calcium and other very important minerals.

Bones actually continue to grow throughout childhood until we are an adult, and a healthy diet can help our bones to grow strong and make sure that we keep moving for as long as we can.

Andeep says, "Did you know that the largest bone in the body is the femur or the thigh bone?" Laura says, "Did you know the smallest bone is found inside of our ears?" And Aisha says, "Healthy bones are really important for our bodies, so we must look after them." What are bones made of? A, sugars and other minerals.

B, calcium and other minerals or C fats and other minerals? You can pause to think, press play when you're ready to move on.

The answer is B.

Bones are made of calcium and other minerals.

That brings us to the first task for today's lesson, task A.

Complete the labels for the skeleton below.

You need to remember some of the names and you need to remember some of the jobs.

We have looked at this a few slides ago, so you can always check if you need more help.

Pause the video to do this task and press play when you're ready to see the answers.

How did you get on? Let's take a look at the answers together.

Your labelled skeleton should look like this.

Starting on the right hand side, we've got skull, which is there to protect the brain.

Pelvis supports body weight.

Femur is there to support body weight and helps movement, and then on the left we've got the spine which supports body weight and keeps us upright and ribs which protect the heart and lungs.

That brings us to part two of our lesson.

Why do we have muscles? Muscles are found within our bodies in lots of different places.

Did you know we each have around 600 muscles in our body altogether? There are three different types of muscles and they all do different things.

Let's have a look at the three different types of muscles now.

The first type is skeletal muscle.

Skeletal muscles help us to move as skeleton.

Hopefully you can see that in the name skeletal, sounds like skeleton.

Skeletal muscles are found where our joints are, a joint is where two bones meet.

In the picture, you can see our elbow joint.

That's where the bones of our arms meet, and when we move our elbow joint, we can lift our arm up or push it down.

Skeletal muscles work in pairs.

They work when one muscle tightens up and the other muscle relaxes and this causes a bone to be pulled up.

The second type of muscle in our body is called cardiac muscle.

Cardiac muscle are special muscles that are only found in our heart.

Anything with the word cardiac means heart.

Cardiac muscles have a very important job.

They help our heart to keep pumping day and night and we don't even have to think about it.

It just happens automatically.

And the third type of muscle is called smooth muscle.

Smooth muscle is found inside lots of different organs of our body, including our stomach and our eyes.

Smooth muscles, again, a bit like cardiac muscles are working all the time without us even noticing.

For example, in our eyes, the smooth muscle helps to control how much light goes in or out by making the pupil bigger or smaller.

Can you match the different muscle types to where they are found in the body? We've got smooth muscle, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle.

You can pause to have a think.

Press play when you're ready to move on.

Smooth muscle is found in lots of organs including the eye.

Skeletal muscle is found at the joints of our skeleton and cardiac muscle is found in the heart.

Well done if you got that correct.

Andeep says, "Did you know that muscles can only pull and not push? That's why they work in pairs." And Laura says, "We can exercise regularly to help strengthen our muscles." Time for another quick check for understanding.

Can you fill in the missing words? Muscles work in blank because they can only blank.

You can pause to have a think.

Press play when you're ready to move on.

The answer is muscles work in pairs because they can only pull.

That brings us to the second task for today's lesson, task B.

Using the information you have learnt, create a fact file about muscles.

You should include how many muscles the human body has and the three different types of muscles and where they're found.

You can pause to do this task and then press play when you're ready to see an answer.

How did you get on? Let's take a look at some possible answers together.

Your fact file might include the following.

We have around 600 muscles in our body and three types of muscles.

Skeletal muscles.

These work in pairs to move bones at the joints.

For example, the elbow.

Cardiac muscles.

These are found in the heart and help it to keep pumping.

And smooth muscle.

These are found in lots of organs like the eyes where they make our pupils bigger and smaller.

Well done if your answers were along those lines.

That brings us to the third and final part for today's lesson, how can we keep bones and muscles strong? Our bones and muscles work together to help us to move.

By keeping our bones and muscles strong, we can make sure that we keep moving for longer in our life.

To strengthen our bones, we should make sure that we eat a balanced diet, which includes plenty of calcium and vitamin D.

Some of the foods where we can find calcium and vitamin D include, dairy foods.

This is anything made from milk such as yoghourts or cheese.

If you're not able to eat dairy foods, you can find alternatives which have calcium added.

Green, leafy vegetables are also really important.

For example, spinach and oily fish.

Fish like salmon or mackerel are also really good for vitamin D.

To build and repair our muscles, we need to make sure we eat a balanced diet, which includes plenty of protein.

Examples of foods that include protein are again, dairy foods, which we talked about on the last slide.

Chicken, meat, and fish, but you can also find high amounts of protein in beans, lentils, and pulses.

This is a great alternative for anyone that doesn't eat meat.

To keep our bones and muscles strong our diet should include plenty of A, sugars and fats, B, protein or C, calcium and vitamin D.

Pause to have a think.

Press play when you're ready to move on.

The answers are B and C.

To keep our bones and muscles strong our diet needs to include plenty of protein, calcium and vitamin D.

As well as eating a balanced diet, it's also really important that we exercise regularly.

Exercises like running, skipping, and jumping are great ways to strengthen our joints.

Any exercise where we need to lift our body can also be a really good way for us to strengthen our muscles.

Examples include sit ups or climbing up a climbing frame.

Izzy says "It's a good idea to check with a trusted adult when trying an exercise for the first time." And Alex also gives us some very important advice.

He says, "We should also make sure that we stretch to warm up and cool down before and after exercise." This is to make sure that we don't injure ourselves.

That brings us to the third and final task for today's lesson, task C.

Fill in the gaps using the following words, protein, vitamin D, exercise, move, and calcium.

The sentences are number one, our bones and muscles work together to help us blank.

Number two, to strengthen our bones we should eat a balanced diet including plenty of blank and blank.

Number three, to build and repair our muscles, we should eat a balanced diet including plenty of blank.

And number four, regular blank can help to strengthen bones and muscles.

You can look back at any of the slides if you need extra help and you can pause while you do this task.

Just press play when you're ready to see the answers.

How did you get on? Let's have a look at the answers together.

Your answers should, number one, our bones and muscles work together to help us move.

Number two, to strengthen our bones we should eat a balanced diet, including plenty of calcium and vitamin D.

By the way, it doesn't matter which way round you've written those two answers.

Number three, to build and repair our muscles we should eat a balanced diet, including plenty of protein.

And number four, regular exercise can help to strengthen bones and muscles.

Very well done if you got some or all of those answers correct.

That brings us to the end of today's lesson.

Before we finish though, let's take a quick look at today's lesson summary.

Our bodies are amazing and enable us to do lots of things.

For example, our skeleton is a set of bones which protects, supports and helps our body to move.

We have three types of muscles in our body, each with different jobs.

For our bodies to move, bones and muscles must work together.

A balanced diet which contains plenty of protein, calcium, and vitamin D can strengthen bones and muscles.

Regular exercise is also important for keeping bones and muscles strong.

Very well done on all your hard work today.

I hope that you've learned lots about how to keep our bodies strong.

See you again soon.