Hello, my name is Mr. Hogan.

I'm excited to be learning with you today.

We are going to have such a great time learning about data representation of images and sounds.

I will be supporting you with our learning during these lessons.

I'm so pleased that you've decided to learn about manipulating digital images.

We are going to do brilliantly.

Welcome to today's lesson from the unit data representation, images, and sounds.

This lesson is called Manipulating Digital Images.

I'm so pleased that you joined me today.

The outcome of today's lesson is, I can use graphic software to edit and manipulate digital images.

It's going to be a great lesson, I really do hope you enjoy it.

So there are three key words to today's lesson.

We have scale.

This is changing the width and height of an image in pixels.

We have prompt.

The tech description you give to the AI tool to tell it what kind of image you want it to create.

And the third key keyword is filter, a tool or effect that can be applied to an image to change its appearance.

So these three keywords will be used throughout the lesson, so you don't need to understand them all at the moment, and you can always come back to this keyword slide If you think, "Oh, I don't know what that word means." Or we use it in the lesson and you're unfamiliar with it, you can always come back to this slide and read these definitions.

This lesson outline today is split into two.

The first part is edit and manipulate images, and the second part is explain benefits and drawbacks of AI image tools.

It sounds so exciting, I can't wait to do this lesson with you.

Let's move on to the first part, edit and manipulate images.

There are many types of software that can be used to create, edit, and manipulate images.

In this lesson we're going to be using GIMP.

In particular we're using 2.

10.

38 revision 1.

You may use a previous version, or maybe more up-to-date version, or even a different graphics manipulation package that you may use and you're familiar with.

Time for a quick check.

What is the main purpose of image editing software like GIMP? Is it A, to create text documents, and presentations? B, to record and edit sound files? Or C, to create, edit, and manipulate graphics files? Take your time to think about the answer and you can always go back and rewind the video or pause the video to give you time to think.

Let's have a look at the answer.

It is C, to create, edit, and manipulate graphic files.

Hopefully, you got that right, well done.

If not, we'll move on, you know the correct answer now.

So, to open an image in GIMP, select File and Open.

Navigate to an image file in your folders and select it.

This image that I've opened up here on the screenshot has a resolution of 3072 by 3072 pixels.

The mouse wheel can be used to zoom in on the image, hold down control and roll the wheel up to zoom in, or hold control and roll the wheel down to zoom out.

Or you can use the zoom tool.

To do this, click on the image, it will zoom in, and control and click on the image, it'll zoom out.

Either way is fine.

And you can see from this GIF, the more you zoom in on any image, the more likely it is that you'll be seeing the pixels which makes up the individual elements of the image.

Scaling.

So this refers to the resizing of an image.

So, on the left hand side you can see the original image of the astronaut that I opened with a resolution of 7,072 pixels by 7,072 pixels.

And on the right hand side, this is the same image but of a resolution of 768 pixels by 768 pixels so it does look smaller on the screen.

You can change the dimensions of an image to make it larger or smaller.

It is very useful for resizing the image to fit a specific print dimension, or optimising it for websites and social media.

To scale the image to 1/4 of the width and height you do the following, select Image and Scale Image from the menus.

You can see here on the screenshot, we can change the width and height dimensions.

So, we can change it to 768 by 768 so that's what I did to change that original image to a smaller image as I scaled it down.

So, this is now 1/4 of the width, and 1/4 of the height of the original image, and then you just press scale.

When you zoom in, you can see that there are fewer pixels and the image quickly becomes more pixelated.

The file size is also reduced.

The original is 7.

8 megabytes, and the scaled version is only 447 kilobytes.

You could also change the colours of an image so if you wanted to make it black and white, for example.

To adjust the image, so it's black and white, you need to select Image, Mode and Indexed, select the used black and white 1-bit palette radio button, and then select Convert.

Now, when zooming in on the image now, you can only see black and white pixels.

So this GIF, you can see that it's only black and white.

To view the image as a series of binary numbers, you need to select File, and Export As, select PBM image file type, and then select Export.

Then ensure that the ASCII radio button is selected and select export.

Then if you go into your folders, open the file in a text viewer to see the image represented as binary numbers.

So that's a series of ones and zeros like you can see on the GIF on the slide.

Let's have a check.

Which of these is true about image files when the amount of colour is reduced? Is it A, the image takes longer to load on a webpage? Is it B, the pixels become smaller? Or is it C, the file size is reduced? Remember to take your time and think about the answer.

You could always rewind the video or pause it.

Let's have a look at the answer.

It is C, the file size is reduced.

You can change the amount of colours on an image too.

Adjusting the image colours to suit the intended purpose and audience ensures the appearance is effective and appropriate for its use.

So let's have a look how to do this in GIMP.

So, to adjust the colours, select Image again, Mode and Indexed, select Generate optimum palette, ensure the maximum colours are set to 16, and then select convert.

Now when you zoom in on this image, you can see that fewer colours are used.

So here we're zooming in sort of like on the NASA badge and it's not as red as it was in the original version where it used more colours.

Let's have a practise.

One, where would you change the scale of an image in GIMP? Two, how does an image with a large resolution differ from an image with a low resolution? Three, how do images with a greater colour depth differ from images with less colour depth? Remember, you can pause the video at any time, or rewind it to view any previous slides that may help you answer the questions.

So let's have a look at sort of sample answers for the feedback.

So, one, where would you change the scale of an image in GIMP? So you would select Image and then Scale Image.

Two, how does an image with a large resolution differ from an image of a low resolution? So this is a sample answer, a large resolution image means there are lots of pixels.

So the image looks very detailed and clear like a high quality photo.

A low resolution image means there are fewer pixels so the image might look a bit blurry or blocky, especially if you zoom in or make it bigger.

Hopefully you've got the answer to those two questions correct or parts of it correct so well done.

Some feedback for three, which is, how do images with a greater colour depth differ from images with less colour depth? So, the answer could be, images with a greater colour depth can display a wider range of colours and more detail in the image, this means they have a larger file size.

Images with a lower colour depth have a limited number of colours which can lead to a less detailed and less realistic appearance.

This means they have a smaller file size.

Well done on answering this question.

Hopefully there's two parts to the answer about wider range of colours, but that's a larger file size, and a less range of colours, but that's a smaller file size.

Well done.

We have a fourth question, which is a more practical question now for you to actually go and do some image manipulation.

So number four here, download and then open the owl.

JPG file in GIMP.

And then A, change the resolution of the image to 1,800 by 1,200.

B, export the image as a JPG file.

C, compare the file sizes of the exported files.

Which format has a smaller file size and think why? There's no sample feedback for this question because it's all practical and it's all about you changing and manipulating the resolution of an image.

So, pause the video, or if you want to remind yourself about how this is done, rewind it to the slides that show you how to do that and hopefully you'll have a great time at manipulating your image and changing the resolution.

Well done on getting this far in the lesson.

That's the first part completed.

So, we've edited and manipulated images.

Now we're moving on to the second part of the lesson which is explain benefits and drawbacks of AI image tools.

I'm so looking forward to this part of the lesson, I hope you are.

So here are two images.

The image on the left has been manipulated.

Can you see what has changed? Take a few moments to have a look at these two images and compare them.

It's almost like spot the difference.

So there's lots of changes in the image.

I think what came to me first was the removal of the person on the right hand side of the image standing up.

But there's more.

The gates around the horses have been removed, and even the trees above the horse which is on the right hand side have been removed too, and more have been added on the left where the gates were originally.

And I think also the ground has been made more green.

You can use AI tools to change existing images or generate entirely new images from text prompts.

Some examples include, deepfake videos.

So these are realistic videos that show people saying or doing things that they never actually did.

Style transfer.

This is applying the artistic style of one image to another.

And filters, these are used to enhance images and significantly improve their quality.

You can do all these by using different AI tools and using different text prompts.

Let's have a quick check.

Which of these image manipulation tasks is most likely to rely on advanced AI techniques? Is it A, resizing an image to make it smaller? Is it B, generating an entirely new image from a text description.

Or C, flipping an image horizontally? Take your time to think about the answer and remember you can always pause or rewind the video.

Let's have a look at an answer.

It is B, generating an entirely new image from a text description.

That's great.

Yeah, from a text prompt.

Online AI tools can be used to generate entirely new images.

You provide a prompt to an AI image generation tool and it creates an image based on your prompt.

For example, if you give the prompt a cat riding a unicorn through a rainbow forest, the tool will generate an image depicting a cat riding a unicorn through a rainbow forest.

So this is an example.

The prompt I used to generate this image was a full length shot of a bright pink flamingo wearing a ball gown.

The background is a mean lit sky with a lake.

So it's done a really good job of creating that image for me that couldn't be really created in real life.

This is an interesting one.

So my prompt here was an astronaut on a planet not wearing a helmet.

However, you can see that the image of the astronaut, and you can see the helmet.

So I think really the AI tool that I used got a bit confused because it wouldn't actually produce an image with an astronaut on a planet without wearing a helmet.

Let's have a look at style transfer.

So this is applying the artistic style of one image to a different image.

So, on the left hand side we have a an AI generated image of a city, and then I asked the AI tool to apply the style of famous artist, Vincent van Gogh, which you may have seen before.

So it applies a different artistic style.

It does a great job, doesn't it? Filters can change the appearance of an image in fun and creative ways.

So adding fun objects, smoothing complexions, or removing parts of the photo.

New creative forms of art and entertainment are being developed.

AI can also make images more accessible to people with visual impairments.

These advancements can be used to create engaging learning materials and simulations as well as to restore old or damaged photos or videos.

So, AI tools can be really positive.

As it becomes harder to distinguish between real and fake images, sharing misinformation and false information to manipulate public opinion does become easier.

There are also privacy violations when fake images or videos of people are created without their consent.

AI powered tools could replace human jobs in creative industries.

So that may be not as positive as the previous slide.

Let's have a quick check.

Which of these is a potential negative consequence of using AI to manipulate images? Is it A, creating engaging learning materials? B, restoring old or damaged photos? Or C, sharing misinformation or manipulating public opinion? Have a think about the answer.

Remember, you can rewind or pause the video at any time.

The answer is sharing misinformation or manipulating public opinion.

Well done if you got that right.

Time for a practise.

Question one, what prompt would you give an AI image generation tool to create an image of a cat wearing a hat and riding a bicycle? Two, explain one benefit and one drawback of using AI image generation tools.

Have a think about the answer.

Remember, you can pause or rewind the video at any time.

Let's have a look at the sample answers for feedback.

So, question one was, what prompt would you give an AI image generation tool to create an image of a cat wearing a hat and riding a bicycle? So, a sample answer here is a cat wearing a red hat riding a blue bicycle in a park.

So there's a bit more description in the prompt.

So we've given the bicycle a colour, and we've also said that now we want the hat, wearing a red hat.

Two, explain one benefit and one drawback of using AI image generation tools.

So, a sample answer is, AI image generation tools can help people be more creative.

You can use AI to bring your ideas to life.

A negative or drawback could be people may use AI to create fake images that look real which could be used to spread misinformation.

Hopefully your answer is similar to this, but there are other benefits and drawbacks of using AI image generation tools that we covered in this lesson.

You may have like rewind and looked at other slides before this to come up with your answer, so well done.

That's great, we've come to the end of the lesson.

I hope you enjoyed it, I certainly did.

So, in summary, image editing software can be used to change the colours, resolution, and file sizes of images, so that was the first part of the lesson.

And in summary, for the second part, using AI prompts and filters can enhance creativity and automate editing.

But they also raise concerns about authenticity, over reliance, and ethical issues.

So that's the second part of the lesson.

So I hope you enjoyed it, I certainly did.

I loved the first part about editing and manipulating images, and then also looking into how AI can use prompts and filters to enhance the creativity and also raise a bit of concern about authenticity and ethical issues.

Well done.