Lesson video

Hello, my name is Mrs. Grey, and welcome to today's geography lesson.

I'm so excited that you've decided to join me to learn geography today.

Today's lesson is in the unit of population, where do people live? And the lesson title is Migration around the World.

By the end of the lesson, you will be able to describe the reasons for migration and differentiate between types of migrants.

There are some key words that we'll come across today in today's lesson, migration, push factor, and pull factor.

Migration is moving from one place to another with the intention of staying there.

A push factor is a reason prompting people to leave the place they live, such as a lack of jobs, hazards, or conflict.

A pull factor is a reason attracting people to a new place, such as more jobs, better living conditions, or better services.

So today's lesson is split into two learning cycles.

First, we'll look at what is migration, and then we'll look at why do people migrate.

So what is migration? Migration is the movement of people from one place to another to live and work.

Migration can be permanent, so people move there to stay, or temporary, where they just move for a short period of time and then return.

Migration is the movement of people from one place to another, either within the same country or internationally.

So people could be a migrant, if they're moving within a country, from one place in that country to another country, or they could also be a migrant, if they're moving from one country to another country, so internationally.

And migration is influenced by factors, like work, education, and safety, so they're all reasons which might encourage people to move.

Laura says, "I moved to with my family "to be closer to my grandparents." And that's a really good reason, that's a reason that a lot of people move.

Families move to be closer to other members of family.

So let's check what we've done so far then.

What is migration? Is it a change in climate from one day to another? Is it an increase in birth rate from one year to another? Or is it the movement of people from one place to another? So pause the video, write down your answer, and then come back and let's see how you got on.

Okay, how did you get on? What is migration? Migration is movement of people from one place to another.

Well done.

So migration can be internal or international, so that means they could be within one country or from one country to another.

So internal migration means moving within a country, and you can see on this map here, this is a map of the UK, and that's moving within a country.

And international migration means moving from one country to another.

So you can see on this map here, the arrow going from the UK to Germany, so that's movement from one country into another country.

In the UK, people often move from rural areas, so countryside areas, to urban areas, which are cities.

This might be for jobs, education, better services, healthcare, living environment, or to be closer to family.

So lots and lots of different reasons why people choose to move.

And like we say, often in the UK, it's from the countryside into cities that people move.

Now have a look at this graph here, which is the number of people living in urban and rural areas in the United Kingdom from 1960 all the way to 2022.

So you can see that the urban population is increasing, and the rural population is staying quite steady for a little bit and with a little bit of a decrease.

But the rural population is much lower than the urban population.

So in the UK in 2022, 56.

52 million people lived in urban areas.

In the UK in 2022, 10.

45 million people lived in rural areas, so a big difference.

Over 56 million people in urban areas compared to over 10 million people in rural areas, what a big difference.

So this map here, this shows the total number of international immigrants in 2020, so people who were living in a country who were born somewhere else in another country.

And you can see the scale there, the darker the colour, the darker blue colour, they have the most amount of migrants, who are living there who were born somewhere else.

So international migration is common across the globe, as you can see on the map.

And the colour scale shows us how many international migrants each country has.

Which countries have the most and least international migrants? So can you see those two countries that are circled? They're the dark blue colour, so they have more than 10 million migrants, and that's the USA and Germany.

They have a very, very, very high number of migrants.

Many people move to high income country for a better quality of life.

For example, in 2020, there were 15.

76 million immigrants living in Germany, which is a high income country, huge number of people who've moved to Germany.

People have different reasons for leaving one country and migrating to another.

We have economic migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers, so lots and lots of different reasons, and we're gonna look at those in a little bit more detail throughout the lesson.

So economic migrants, they move for better education and job opportunities.

So economic is to do with money, and that means that people are gonna be movin' there for better education and job opportunities.

They move to another country or region to improve their financial situation, their money, their situation with money, by getting a better education or a better job.

Economic migrants choose where and when to move, so they decide when they want to move and where they want to move to get that better education and better jobs.

So let's check what we've just done then.

What is an economic migrant? Is it someone who moves to escape conflict? Is it someone who moves for better job opportunities? Is it someone who moves temporarily for vacation? Or is it someone who seeks asylum? So pause the video, write down your answer, and then come back and let's see how you got on.

Okay, how did you get on? What is an economic migrant? An economic migrant is someone who moves for better job opportunities.

Well done.

Let's look at refugees now then.

So refugees, they are forced to flee due to danger, so something dangerous happening where they live that forces them to flee.

So they leave their home country to escape things, such as war, violence, or hazards, like earthquakes, floods, and famine.

So something bad has happened, which means that they have to move, they're forced to move.

They leave immediately for their safety.

It's not a choice and it's very, very hard to do.

So something happens, which means that it's very, very dangerous.

They can't stay there and they have to move immediately.

It's not actually their choice, and something that must be so difficult to do to leave your home.

Now, asylum seekers, they seek protection in another country, so they move to another country and ask for protection because they fear harm in their home country.

It's often a difficult and dangerous journey to get from one country to another, and they must go through a legal process to be able to stay in the country that they've moved to.

So, our first practise task of the lesson then.

Migrants are people who have different reasons for moving.

You need to match up the facts with the reasons for moving.

So we've got a few facts there, and you need to put them into the right box in this table.

Are these facts a reason for an economic migrant, a refugee, or an asylum seeker? So here are the facts then.

A, escape, war, violence, or persecution.

B, choose where and when to move.

C, go through a legal process.

D, move for better job opportunities.

E, must leave immediately for safety, and F, fear harm in their own country.

So which fact goes with which type of migrant? Okay, so pause the video, write down your answer, and then come back and let's see how you got on.

Okay, how did you get on? So which facts go with economic migrant? They choose where and when to move, and they move for better job opportunities.

Refugees must leave immediately for safety to escape war, violence, or persecution.

And asylum seekers go through a legal process because they fear harm in their own country.

How did you get on? Well done.

Okay, so now we're gonna move on to our second cycle of the lesson, which is why do people migrate? We've looked at what migration is.

Now, we're gonna move on to look at why people migrate.

So the reasons why people migrate can be grouped into things that attract them to a new place or things about something new, a new place, that makes them want to move there, and things that make it difficult to stay where they are, so something that's not very good in the place that they're currently livin', which makes them want to move somewhere else.

And these are known as push and pull factors.

So push factors are reasons people leave a place, such as war or drought, and pull factors are reasons people move to a place, like better jobs or safety.

So if there's something bad about the place that you're currently living, those bad things push you to move somewhere else.

They push you out of the place that you are currently livin' in.

Whereas pull factors, they're good things about a place and they attract you to a particular place.

So let's check what we've just done then.

True or false, push factors are reasons people move to a place, like better jobs or safety.

Is that true or false? What do you think? So pause the video, write down your answer, and then come back and let's see how you got on.

Okay, how did you get on? True or false, push factors are reasons people move to a place, like better jobs or safety.

That's false, but why? Push factors are the reasons people leave a place, such as war or drought, so something bad about a place that's pushing people away.

How did you get on? Well done.

So why do push factors cause people to migrate? So we know what a push factor is, but why do they cause people to migrate? So a lack of jobs.

This means that there's high unemployment or low wages, which makes it hard for people to stay.

So lack of jobs is a push factor, and the reason that that causes people to move is because there's high unemployment.

People don't have any jobs or low wages and that makes it hard for people to stay in a particular place.

What about hazards or war? Events like earthquakes, floods, or droughts, they can force people to move because the place that they're livin' in is not safe anymore, so that forces people to migrate.

What about poor education? Well, poor schools and universities cause students or families with children to move because they're not gettin' a very good education where they are.

So that's pushing them to move somewhere else in search of a better education.

And famine, that's a severe shortage of food, and that can push people to leave in search of better living conditions.

If you're living in a place where there isn't very much food, then that's pushing you away to move somewhere else where you can get food.

What about pull factors then? Why do pull factors cause people to migrate? So good job opportunities, places that have got more jobs or higher wages, they're gonna attract people, who need a job, who are looking for a job.

So if this a place that's got jobs or jobs with high wages, that's gonna encourage people to move to that particular place.

What about safety or peace? So countries with regions with peace and stability offer a safer place to live, so if that particular place is safe and stable and peaceful, that's gonna encourage people to want to go there because it's gonna be safe to live there.

What about good education? So good schools and universities attract students or families with children.

So if there's an area that's got good schools or good universities, that's gonna attract people to move there, so that they can go to those good schools and universities and get a good education.

And plenty of food.

Plenty of food can pull people to a place because they're gonna have better living conditions.

If a place has got plenty of food, then people are gonna want to be there, so that they're not gonna starve and they're gonna have good living conditions.

So let's have a look at this graph now then.

This shows the total number of international immigrants from 1990 to 2020 in Germany.

So how many people have moved to Germany from somewhere else? And you can see that it's increased from 1990 up to 2020.

Now, Germany's got many pull factors causing people to want to migrate there, so Germany's got a lot of those good things, which means that people want to move to Germany.

So pull factors, people are pulled to Germany.

Migration in Germany has increased over recent years to over 14 million in 2020.

So Germany's got good job opportunities, a good education system, and is a safe country not impacted by natural disasters or famine.

They're all pull factors, which are encouragin' all these millions of people to move there.

Now how many immigrants did Germany have in 1990? So have a look at the graph.

In 1990, how many immigrants did Germany have? Andeep says the answer is 6 million, and that's correct, well done.

If you have a look at the graph at 1990, you can see the arrow is pointing to where that is.

That's 6 million, so 6 million immigrants in 1990.

Okay, so let's check what we've done so far again.

How many people migrated to Germany in 2020? Is it 3 million, 6 million, 14 million, or 18 million? What do you think, can you remember? So pause the video, write down your answer, and then come back and let's see how you got on.

Okay, how did you get on? How many people migrated to Germany in 2020? The answer, 14 million, well done.

Okay, so now we're on to our second practise task of the lesson then.

So question one, write a definition for these key terms, a, push factor, and b, pull factor.

So write down your answer, pause the video, come back and let's see how you got on.

Okay, how did you get on? So you were to write a definition for push factor and pull factor.

So push factor is a reason prompting people to leave a place, like war, and a pull factor is a reason attracting people to a new place, like jobs.

Well done.

So question two, 2a, a lack of jobs and poor education are push factors.

Why do these factors cause people to migrate? And 2b, safety, peace, and plenty of food are pull factors.

Why do these factors cause people to migrate? So have a little look at those factors, and you've got to write down why, why they cause people to migrate, these push factors and the pull factors.

So have a think, pause the video, write down your answer, and then come back and let's see how you got on.

Okay, how did to get on? So 2a, lack of jobs and poor education are push factors.

Why do these factors cause people to migrate? So high unemployment or low wages make it hard for people to stay where they are and result in people migrating out of an area.

Poor schools and universities cause students or families with children to move out of an area.

How much of that did you get? Well done.

So 2b, safety, peace, and plenty of food, they're pull factors.

Why do these factors cause people to migrate? So countries or regions with peace and stability offer a safer place to live and encourage people to move there.

And plenty of food can pull people to a place for better living conditions.

How much of that did you get down? Well done.

Okay, so what have we learned in our lesson today on migration around the world? So we've learned that migration is the movement of people from one location to another.

This can be permanent or temporary.

Push factors are the reasons why someone wants to leave a place, such as war, famine, lack of jobs, and hazard.

Pull factors are the reasons for someone moving to a place, such as improved job prospects, education, and safety.

And there are different categories of migrants, such as economic migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers.

Thank you for joining me for today's geography lesson.

I've really enjoyed it.

I look forward to seeing you next time.