Lesson video

Hello, my name is Mr. Marsh and I'm here today to teach you all about Opportunities Created by Urban Change, looking specifically at people.

So grab everything that you need for today's lesson and let's get going.

So by the end of today, you will be able to identify the social and economic opportunities for people in Liverpool as a consequence of urban change.

There are three key terms for today's lesson, and those are: urban change, place-specific detail and cultural mix.

Urban change refers to changes that occur in a city due to its growth or decline.

Place-specific detail refers to facts and figures which are particular to a place.

And cultural mix refers to, in population, a community of people from different backgrounds with their own beliefs and traditions.

There are just two learning cycles for today's lesson, and we're gonna start with the first one, which is all about social opportunities.

So as a city grows or declines, changes happen.

These can be positive in the form of opportunities or negative in the form of challenges.

This process is known as urban change, and there are many different causes of urban change within the city of Liverpool.

These are: its growing city population, its good rail, road and other transport networks, the diverse employment opportunities there, and finally, over six million people live within one hour of the city.

All of this contributes to the causes that are causing Liverpool to change over time.

So we have a learner check.

Now, there are three different statements here by Jacob, Aisha and Jun.

I would like you to read through the three options and decide who is correct.

So pause the video here whilst you attempt this learning check.

And the correct answer is Jacob.

Jacob says that urban change is a consequence of the growth or decline of a city and can be positive or negative.

So really, really well done if you also selected Jacob's answer.

Urban change in Liverpool has led to many positive opportunities for Liverpool.

These opportunities include: social, social refers to people.

So it can be opportunities relating to recreation and entertainment.

It can also be an opportunity relating to its cultural mix.

Now Liverpool is a very ethnically diverse city and with this urban change, it opens up many opportunities in terms of the cultural mix.

But there are also some other opportunities relating to the economic opportunities, and this is to do with the employment mix.

With a rapidly changing city such as Liverpool, there are different opportunities opening up in different employment sectors: more jobs, different jobs in a more diverse economy.

So let's now look at this map of Liverpool and it's showing us many, many different areas of recreation and entertainment spread across the city.

Liverpool has plenty of recreation and entertainment opportunities, many of which appeal to its youthful population.

Sport plays a huge part in this and it is home to two Premiership football teams: Liverpool and Everton.

Everton are due to move to their new 52,000 plus seater stadium at Bramley Moore Dock for the 2025/26 season.

Liverpool play at the Anfield Stadium.

Liverpool is the home of the prestigious Grand National horse racing meeting, held annually at Aintree.

And in 2023, the UK Golf Open Championship took place at the Royal Liverpool Golf Course, nearby on the Wirral.

Further entertainment and recreation options include: lots of retail facilities such as Liverpool ONE and outdoor spaces, gardens, parks and beaches, offering opportunities for leisure and recreation.

Water sports and sailing are popular activities and there are floating inflatable obstacle courses located centrally in the Albert Dock.

Liverpool has also been designated as a UNESCO City of Music, not least due to its connection to the famous British band, The Beatles.

So a quick learning check.

Which of the following is home to the Grand National horse race? You have three options there.

What I'd like you to do is pause the video whilst you try to recall this piece of information.

So pause the video and select your answer.

And the correct answer is Aintree.

So really, really well done if you were able to identify and select that correct answer.

And our next learner check is, which of the following is a shopping centre in central Liverpool? Once again, read through the three options, pause the video whilst you then consider and select your answer.

And the correct answer is Liverpool ONE.

So really, really well done, once again, if you were able to select that correct answer.

Now, Liverpool has a great cultural mix, and Liverpool's cultural mix can be, in part, down to its historic and recent migration to the city, which has really enriched its social opportunities.

Liverpool's cultural diversity is celebrated through many events, trails and festivals such as the Liverpool Irish Festival and the Liverpool European Festival.

And the diversity of cuisine across the city is further proof of its rich cultural mix.

Now, Scouse is not just an accent of Liverpool, it's actually a traditional dish, as you can see in the image in front of you, it's almost like a stew.

It's a traditional dish and it originated in northern Europe and is found in restaurants all across the city.

International cuisines such as Chinese and Jamaican are also found widely across the city.

The dock is also a home to a great cultural mix.

Once a working dock for trade and immigrants heading to Liverpool, the Albert Dock is now a collection of renovated buildings and warehouses.

It is considered a cultural hub and alongside shops, bars, and restaurants, it is home to many museums and places of interest, such as the Beatles Museum, the International Slavery Museum, the Maritime Museum, and the Tate Liverpool.

So a quick learning check.

Who has included incorrect information? I would like you to read through the three options in front of you, Sam, Sofia, and Alex, and decide which of these three has included incorrect information.

So please pause the video whilst you read through the options and select what you think is the correct option.

And the correct answer was Sofia.

So Sofia originally said that Liverpool's cultural mix is celebrated in festivals that happen in the cities, such as the Liverpool UNESCO Festival.

This is incorrect, as you may have identified.

What is actually celebrated there is the Liverpool Irish Festival or Liverpool European Festival.

So really, really well done if you were able to select that correct answer.

Another learning check is: Known as a cultural hub, where in Liverpool are all the following located? The Maritime Museum, the Liverpool Tate, the International Slavery Museum, and the Beatles Museum.

Now, once again, I'd like you to pause the video whilst you attempt to recall this piece of information.

And the correct answer is the Albert Dock.

Once again, really, really well done if you were able to recall that piece of information.

So geographers are always really, really good at adding place-specific details.

Let me give you a small example.

So we could say that Liverpool has a lot of museums, but realistically this is quite a basic statement and it doesn't really give us any examples or further details.

This is a much better example.

It says Liverpool is home to a lot of museums, such as the Maritime Museum.

Lots of Liverpool's museums are found in the Albert Dock known as a cultural hub.

So there we've managed to provide examples of different museums. We've also located where these museums are found and we've even given a sort of nickname to the Albert Dock.

Now let's have a look at this learning check right here.

So again, a basic way of saying, this is, Liverpool has lots of different types of restaurant.

I'm gonna challenge you now to read through this paragraph and try to fill in the gap.

So what I'd like you to do then is pause the video whilst you read through that small paragraph and attempt to recall the information that we can use to fill that gap in front of you.

So best of luck.

And the correct answer was scouse.

So it needed to say that Liverpool's restaurants offer a wide variety of cuisines such as Chinese and Jamaican.

Liverpool's traditional dish, scouse is served across the city and originated in northern Europe.

So really well done if you were able to recall that piece of information.

So we have now our one and only practise question for this learning cycle.

And it says: Explain how urban change in Liverpool has created social opportunities.

Consider the following in your answer.

I would like you to try to define urban change.

I would also like you to include information on recreation and entertainment and the cultural mix.

Finally, I would like you to ensure you include place-specific details.

So please pause the video here whilst you attempt this practise question.

Best of luck.

Now, in terms of feedback, your answer may have looked something similar to the one I'm going to read out.

Now, I've said that urban change in Liverpool has created many social opportunities.

Firstly, there is a wide variety of recreation and entertainment options, from sports including Premiership football such as Everton and Liverpool, as well as the Grand National horse race held annually at Aintree.

There are many entertainment options, such as Liverpool ONE shopping centre.

And the cultural mix of Liverpool, a result of recent and historic immigration has secured its identity as an ethnically diverse city.

This has led to many opportunities including a wide range of cuisines available throughout the city.

Festivals such as the Liverpool Irish Festival and the Royal Albert Dock is known as the cultural hub, as it is home to many museums such as the International Museum of Slavery, which recognises Liverpool's historical links to the transatlantic slave trade.

So really, really well done if you were able to include anything like that in your own answer.

We're on now to our second and final learning cycle, and this is all to do with the economic opportunities.

So again, urban change in Liverpool has led to many positive opportunities for people.

And again, these opportunities could be social, relating to people, for example, with greater recreation and entertainment opportunities, but also that ethnically diverse cultural mix.

But we're obviously gonna focus now on the economic opportunities, the employment mix and opportunities that is created with urban change in and around Liverpool.

So historically, most jobs in Liverpool were based around the port and the goods that were traded through it, as we can see on this map right here.

The city centre docks though, closed in the 1970s and 1980s and moved to less central locations such as Seaforth Dock, as you can see again on the map here, north of where the historical city centre docks were located.

Jobs based around the docks reduced significantly, though, in this period.

Decline in jobs associated with the docks has resulted in changes to Liverpool's employment mix, as this helpful graphic shows.

Here, we can see that Liverpool's economy is very diverse.

The 2021 census recorded people's jobs and categorised them into sectors.

There are nine sectors in front of you, and whilst most people, 20.

6%, work in professional roles such as engineers, doctors, and teachers, there is no one sector that completely dominates.

This means that Liverpool has a mix of employment opportunities for people with a wide variety of skills and experience.

This is a positive that attracts people to the city of Liverpool.

So a quick learning check.

True or false? Liverpool's employment is focused on the docks and the goods that pass through them.

So what I'd like you to do right now is pause the video whilst you consider whether this statement is true or false.

And the answer was false.

Now, once again, I would like you to pause the video whilst you consider as to why this statement is false.

And the reason it is false is because, historically, yes, most jobs were focused on the docks.

Today though, Liverpool's employment opportunities are more varied with nine employment sectors being represented and not one of them being completely dominant.

So really, really well done if you were able to get those two answers correct.

Now, tech companies are attracted to Liverpool for a number of different reasons.

In fact, major companies including Unilever, Apple, NatWest, IBM and Bosch, all call Liverpool their home.

Liverpool has also become an attractive destination for tech companies.

And there are over 1000 based in the city, and this number is growing by 20% each and every year.

These companies are attracted to Liverpool for a number of reasons.

The first of which is that it's a hotspot for technological innovation.

With such numbers already in the city, new firms are attracted to the city to benefit from the links to similar companies.

It's also a very supportive business environment.

The city council is investing in features that attract businesses to the city, such as its high speed broadband.

And finally, there is an educated and talented workforce.

Liverpool benefits from its universities and research institutions, creating a strong talent pool.

Time now for a quick learning check.

And there are three statements in front of you, said by Sam, Sofia, and Alex.

What I'd like you to do is read through those three options and decide who is correct.

So pause the video here whilst you attempt this learning check.

And the correct answer was Alex.

Alex says that there are over 1000 tech companies in Liverpool and this number is growing 20% per year.

So really, really well done if you were able to identify Alex as the correct answer.

The second learning check is: What is the third reason why Liverpool is an attractive choice for tech companies? So I've already given you two reasons why Liverpool is an attractive option.

Can you now pause the video whilst you try to recall the third reason? So pause the video here whilst you attempt this question.

And the third reason was its educated and talented workforce as a result of its university and research institutions.

So really well done if you were able to recall that piece of information.

We have three practise questions now, and the first one says to rank Liverpool's employment sectors from largest to smallest.

The second practise question says to explain how a variety of employment sectors in Liverpool creates economic opportunities.

And the third one says: As the owner of a new tech company, you need to communicate your decision to base your headquarters in Liverpool to shareholders.

I would like you to complete the email below.

Now you can see that I've given you sentence starters and a sentence and paragraph structure.

What I'd like you to do then now is pause the video whilst you attempt these three practise questions.

Best of luck.

And now some feedback.

So the first question asked you to rank Liverpool's employment sectors from largest to smallest.

And you can see, beginning from the largest, we've got that professional sector, then the elementary occupations, associate professional and technical, caring, leisure and other services, administrative and secretarial, sales and customer service, managers, directors and senior officials, skilled trades.

And finally the least is with the process plant and machine operatives at 7.

4%.

So really well done if you were able to order those correctly.

In terms of the second question feedback, your answer may have included something like this.

Now I've said that when a place has a variety of different employment sectors, it presents lots of different job opportunities for people with a wide variety of skills and knowledge.

If a place only had jobs available in a few sectors or is dominated by a sector, it can be much harder for people with skills and knowledge from outside that specific sector to find work.

For the third and final question, this is what you may have written.

So it starts off with: "I have made the decision to base our office in Liverpool.

There are three reasons why it is an attractive location for new tech companies.

Firstly, Liverpool has an educated and talented workforce.

In addition, it is a supportive business environment with the city council investing in infrastructure such as high speed internet.

Lastly, there are lots of other similar companies, so we can benefit from linking with them.

I am confident in the choice of Liverpool and cannot wait to get started." So really, really well done if you were able to say anything like that in your own answer.

On now to our learning summary.

Now, urban change in Liverpool has led to many opportunities for people, both in terms of those social opportunities and those economic opportunities.

In terms of the social aspect, we need to remember that there are many opportunities in recreation and entertainment.

For example, the Liverpool and Everton Premier League football teams, as well as Aintree which is home to the Grand National horse race each and every year.

There is also much greater cultural mix as a result of that ethnically diverse population.

But also there are many festivals happening there as well, such as the Liverpool Irish Festival.

Now, in terms of the economic opportunities, there are many, many employment opportunities which are very, very diverse.

For example, there is a growing investment in tech companies across Liverpool.

In terms of the place-specific details.

These are really, really important for geographers because they ensure that information is never too vague and is particular to Liverpool.

So really, really well done during today's lesson.

It was a pleasure teaching you and I will see you again on the next lesson.

Goodbye.