Lesson video

Hello everyone, my name's Mrs. Riley.

And today we're going to do some grammar learning together.

Now, I'm not gonna lie to you, what we're learning today isn't the easiest grammar you are ever going to learn, but we're going to go through it together.

I'm gonna be with you every step of the way.

And by the end of this lesson, I think we're all gonna feel really proud of ourselves of what we've learned.

So today we're focusing on something called the perfect tense.

So let's get started.

The outcome of today's lesson is to recognise and use the perfect present tense.

These will be our key words for today's lesson.

I'm going to say each one and I'd like you to repeat it back to me.

So are you sitting up straight? And do you have your loud voices ready? Here we go.

Verb.

Auxiliary verb.

Perfect tense.

Infinitive.

Well done.

Let's see what those words mean.

A verb is a doing, being or having word.

I'm gonna take it away.

Can you tell me what three things a verb is, a? Well done.

A doing, being, or having word.

I was just checking you were listening early on.

An auxiliary verb is a type of verb.

It's the helping verb that is always paired with the main verb.

The perfect tense, it's not just perfect, that's not why it's called perfect tense.

It's made of an auxiliary verb based on the infinitive to have and the past tense form of the main verb.

Now that's a lot to digest.

So let's break it up a bit.

The perfect tense is made of an auxiliary verb.

So it's got a helping verb, which is from to have, and a main verb which is in the past tense.

Auxiliary and a main.

Auxiliary from to have and the main is in the past.

And we're going to learn lots about that this lesson.

The infinitive is any verb proceeded by the word to.

To learn, to watch, to smile, to breathe.

(Mrs. Riley breaths deeply) These are all from the infinitive.

They all start with to and then the verb.

So in today's lesson, we have two learning cycles.

First, we're looking at having verbs, which we've learned to be going to be the auxiliary or helping verbs.

And then we're going to look at the whole of the perfect present tense and how those having verbs play an important role.

So first, let's just focus on having verbs.

So we know that a verb is a doing, being, or having word.

Here are some sentences.

Where is my coat? Pass this to your mum.

They ran through the park together.

What a rainy day it is.

Now in each sentence there is a verb.

Some of the verbs are being, some of the verbs are doing, and some of the words are having verbs.

Can you pause the video and see if you can look for the verb in each sentence and then decide if it's being, having or doing.

Pause the video now.

Well done.

So in the first sentence, where is my coat? Is is the being verb.

Pass this to your mum.

Pass is the doing word, the action.

They ran through the park together.

And ran again as a doing verb, it's an action.

What a rainy day it is.

Is the being verb.

Well done if you spotted those.

The having verb can be the main verb in a sentence.

For example.

I have three cousins.

They have a beautiful garden.

Do you have a pen? The leisure centre doesn't have a swimming pool.

We can see in each sentence there is only one verb.

And the verb is from the infinitive to have.

So it can be the main and only verb in a sentence.

Having verbs come from the infinitive to have.

These are all examples of having verbs.

Have, has, will have, had, hasn't.

So all of those verbs are from the infinitive to have.

Let's check what we've just learnt.

Could you find the verb from the infinitive to have in each sentence? A, we have a pet rabbit.

B, your school has the best playground.

C, you haven't tidied your room.

Oh, I say that to my daughter a lot.

Okay, could you find the verb from the infinitive to have in each sentence? Maybe you could point it or maybe you could say it to someone if you've got someone next to you.

Off you go.

Well done.

In A, we have a pet rabbit.

Have is the verb.

Your school has the best playground.

Has is the verb.

You haven't tidied your room.

Haven't is the verb.

Well done if you spotted those.

So let's see the present tense having verbs paired with each person.

I have, you have, she has, he has, it has, we have, you have, they have.

So we know that the person is linked with the verb.

And it tells us who we are talking about in the sentence.

We have different types of person.

We have the first person when we talk about our own perspective, I or we.

We have the second person when we are talking to someone when we say you have.

Or we have the third person when we're talking about a person or a group of people, she has or they have.

But what do you notice about these verbs? Have a look at them closely.

I have, you have, she has, we have.

What do you notice? Have some thinking time.

Oh, is the verb to have from the infinitive to have always the same? Well done if you spotted that these are different.

We always say have in the present tense, but in the present tense third person singular, we change the verb to has.

So the third person is when we're talking about someone, but it's only singular when there's one.

He has a brother.

But if it was they have a brother, it's still have.

You have a lovely smile.

That's the second person I'm talking to you and I'm just using have.

But he has a collection of books.

I've turned have into has because I have to when it's the third person singular.

That's just one of those things that we've just got to learn.

Okay, so which of the following is incorrect? A, the car has a flat tyre.

B, the pond has lots of fish in it.

C, the zoo have lots of amazing animals.

Pause the video now.

Well done.

The correct answer is C.

The zoo have lots of amazing animals.

If I'm talking about the zoo, I'm talking about singular third person one that is not a person it's a place, the zoo.

So it should be the zoo has lots of amazing animals.

Well done if you spotted that.

Let's see the past tense having verbs paired with each person.

So we know in the present tense, we've got to be careful of those third person singulars.

Let's look at the past tense verbs.

I had, you had, she had, he had, it had, we had, you had, they had.

What do you notice? Have some thinking time.

What do you notice? Well done if you notice that they're all the same.

This time, the past tense having verb does not change in all of them, they're all had.

I had carrots and rice for tea.

They had a fantastic day.

So the past tense is nice and easy to remember.

Okay, which of the following is incorrect? You have pasta with vegetables last night.

We had lots of fun at the theatre.

It had seven different colours on it.

Pause the video well you can tell, while you think about which of those is incorrect.

Well done.

The correct answer is A.

You have pasta with vegetables last night.

If it's last night, it's in the past tense.

And we always use had.

You had pasta with vegetables last night is the correct answer.

Now let's look at the future tense having verbs paired with each person.

I will have, you will have, she, he, or it will have, we will have, you will have, they will have.

What do you notice? Have some thinking time.

Well done.

They're all the same.

In the present tense, we had to change the third person singular, she, he, or it, but here it still will have, which is the same as all the others.

So the future tense having verb does not change in all of them.

In the past and the future, the having verb always stays the same.

It's in the present tense that we have to watch out for those third person singular.

I have, you have, she has, he has, or it has.

So in the future.

She will have sweets at the cinema.

You will have lentils in the curry.

Okay, let's check what we've just learned.

Could you fill in this table with the correct form of the having verb? So we've got the simple past tense column, which is I or we, hmm, you had, he, she or it had.

In the present tense, it's I or we have, you have.

But it's he, she, or it, hmm.

And in the final column, the third column, it's the simple future tense.

I or we will have, you, hmm, and he, she, and it will have.

So could you fill in the the gaps on my table? Pause the video now.

Well done.

So I had and we had would be the past tense form of the having verb.

In the simple present tense, it means it's happening now, it's I have, you have, but he has, she has, and it has.

And finally, the future is always will have.

I will have, you will have.

Well done if you spotted those.

Remember the past and the future always stay the same.

But it's in the present tense that we need to watch out for the third person singular.

The he, she, and it.

Okay, it's time for your first task today.

You need to identify the verb from the infinitive to have in each sentence and circle it.

That's the first thing you need to do.

Look for that having verb and circle it.

Then you need to correct any mistakes.

Here are the sentences.

I have a scratch on my arm.

She have tennis this afternoon.

(Mrs. Riley imitates ball thudding) We have French lessons every Tuesday.

They has toys made of wood not plastic.

So remember first you need to circle the having verbs and then you need to correct any mistakes.

But there might not be a mistake.

So if there's no mistake, then obviously you can just circle the having verb and then just move on to the next one.

Could you pause the video now while you complete this task? Good luck.

Well done, let's go through the answers.

So in the first sentence, I have a scratch on my arm.

Have is the verb.

And it sounds right.

I have a scratch on my arm.

It's in the present tense.

So that's I'm going to leave.

She have tennis this afternoon.

Hmm, now that doesn't sound quite right to me.

I know that the verb is have, she have tennis this afternoon.

So I found the verb, but I'm gonna come back to that one, 'cause I don't think that sounds right.

We have French lessons every Tuesday.

Have is the verb and I think that one sounds okay.

They has toys made of wood not plastic.

Hmm, again, that doesn't sound quite right.

So I'm going to come back to that one in a little bit.

So let's go back to, she have tennis.

Now this is in the present tense, she have tennis, but in the third person singular when I'm talking about one person, not lots but just one person, he, she, or it, it should be, she has tennis this afternoon.

So that was one of the ones you should have corrected.

Third person singular when I'm talking about one person or one thing.

They has, hmm, so I've remembered it's third person, but they is third person plural.

And that's the same as the rest I have, we have, they have toys made of wood not plastic.

Well done if you spotted those two mistakes.

Okay, it's time to look at our second learning cycle, the perfect present tense.

But all that learning we've just done on having verbs is going to be really helpful in this second learning cycle.

So let's get started.

In English, we write and speak in different tenses.

We've got the present tense.

That means the action is happening now.

We learn, where that's something that's happening now.

The past tense, that means it's already happened.

Yesterday we played tennis.

It's already happened, it's in the past.

And the future, the action will happen in the future like, tomorrow we will play tennis.

Yesterday is in the past, it's already happened.

Today is in the present, it's happening now.

And tomorrow is in the future.

It hasn't happened yet, it will happen.

The verb tells us the tense of a sentence.

It tells us when it is happening.

I dance every day.

I danced yesterday.

I will dance tomorrow.

So in each of those sentences, the person is the same.

It's always I.

And in every sentence we have a different timeframe.

So every day, yesterday, and tomorrow.

But the verb is really important to tell us when it is happening.

We've got dance, the action is happening, it's present.

Danced, the action has happened, it's passed.

And will dance, the action is yet to happen, it's the future.

There are several different types of past, present, and future tense in English.

Okay, so let's check what we've just learned.

Could you match the tense to the correct verb? You've got present, past, and future.

Let me just do that with the actions to help you.

Present, past, and future.

The verbs are I ate, I will eat, I eat.

Pause the video now.

Well done.

The correct answers are, the present tense is I eat.

I eat porridge for breakfast every morning.

The past is I ate.

I ate a sandwich for my lunch.

The future is I will eat.

I will eat a piece of cake later today.

So far we have learned two types of tense.

We've learned the simple tenses.

She sat by the sea, the past simple.

She sits by the sea, present.

She will sit by the sea, future.

We have also learnt the progressive tenses, when an action is ongoing.

She was sitting by the sea.

She is sitting by the sea.

She will be sitting by the sea.

And again, we got a past version, she was sitting.

A present version, she is sitting.

And a future version, she will be sitting.

All of those progressive verbs end in ing.

The main verb sitting ends in ing.

But the auxiliary helping verb was, is, and will be changes each time and tells us the tense.

We have seen that some tenses need an auxiliary verb, a helping verb to help the main verb in the sentence.

In the simple tense, we only need it for the future.

She sat, she sits, but she will sit.

In the progressive tense we use it in each one.

She was sitting, she is sitting, she will be sitting.

All of these are auxiliary helping verbs.

Another type of tense is the perfect tense.

The perfect tense uses having verbs as auxiliary verbs.

So I told you all that learning in learning cycle one was going to be helpful.

All those having verbs are going to be now used as auxiliary verbs, helping verbs in the perfect tense.

So here they are.

I have, you have, he, she or it has, that's a tricky one, we have, they have.

So these can be the main verb.

I have a pet rabbit.

You have lovely hair.

He has French today.

But they also can be auxiliary verbs, helping verbs.

I have played tennis for six years.

So we can see now the main verb is played.

But we've got the auxiliary helping verb have.

We have seen the signs.

You have learned this before.

It has been a hot summer.

Have, have, have, and has.

There's that tricky one in third person singular.

So the having verb in these sentences is the auxiliary verb paired with the main verb, played, seen, learned, and been.

The main verb you might have noticed is a past tense verb.

Played, seen, learned, been, these verbs are all in the past tense.

Here's the main verbs.

So we can see how they're paired with the auxiliary verbs.

The auxiliary verb tells us the tense.

So which of the following is written in the perfect present tense? Remember, it will have an auxiliary verb from the infinitive to have and the main verb will be in the past tense.

A, she has read three books this summer.

B, she read three books this summer.

C, she will read three books this summer.

D, she reads three books every summer.

Pause the video now.

Well done.

The correct answer is A.

She has read three books in this summer.

In that sentence we have two verbs, the auxiliary verb has and the main verb read.

She has read three books this summer.

In B, she read three books this summer, that's in the past simple past tense.

There's only one verb.

In C, we've got an auxiliary verb will.

She will read.

But this one is in the simple future tense.

It hasn't happened yet.

And finally D, she reads three books every summer is in the simple present tense.

Well done if you spotted that correct answer.

So we use the perfect present tense to show something that started in the past, but that's still relevant or connected to the present.

Let's see what that means in more detail.

So here's the simple past tense that just means it's happened.

I spoke French and English when I was younger.

I spoke, that's the past, simple past.

This implies it has ended.

I spoke French and English when I was younger.

If I said that to you, I spoke French and English when I was younger.

You might think that that's a bit strange, you spoke French and English when you were younger, but you don't speak French and English now.

It implies it's ended, it's over.

But in this perfect present tense where we use the infinitive verb from to have, I have spoken French and English since I was a baby.

This implies it's still relevant.

It's still something that started in the past.

I started speaking French and English when I was little, when I was a baby.

But it's still relevant.

I haven't, I don't not use French and English anymore, I still speak them now.

Okay, so this is a little nuance that we have to learn.

If it's in the simple past, it's done and dusted.

But if it's in the perfect present tense, it's something that has started in the past but is still connected or relevant to now.

The word perfect comes from the Latin word perfectum, which means completed.

My dad is a Latin teacher so he can speak in Latin.

And he told me that.

He said, I said, I'm teaching at the moment about the perfect tense.

And he said, ah, well the perfect tense, the word comes from the Latin word perfectum, which means completed.

So that gives us that clue that it is something that has, it is completed, it's happened, but it relates to now.

That's the important thing.

Okay, so now we're going to look at more examples of the perfect present tense sentences.

But before we do that, can we have a quick jiggle on our chairs? Because we've learned a lot already.

Oh, I need to have a quick jiggle too.

Maybe a quick stretch.

Oh, maybe a quick inhale.

(Mrs. Riley inhales deeply) Exhale.

(Mrs. Riley exhales sharply) Okay, everyone's sitting up.

And let's take a look at our first sentence in the perfect present tense.

I have eaten all my vegetables.

Now here's a checklist to help us see if this is in the perfect present tense.

So we have to have an auxiliary verb that's a having verb.

We have to have a main verb in the past tense.

And it's the auxiliary verb that tells us the tense and the action in the perfect present tense has already happened.

But remember it's linked related to now.

So let's check.

Here is, here are my two verbs, have eaten.

Have is my auxiliary verb.

Eaten is the main verb in the past tense.

Have tells us that the tense.

And this has already happened.

I have eaten all my vegetables.

Remember the Latin word, perfectum, it is completed.

I have eaten all my vegetables.

But it's related to now because perhaps my vegetables, perhaps I'm telling someone that.

They're saying, have you eaten everything? I'm saying, yes, I have eaten all my vegetables.

We have seen that movie already.

Have seen, have is the auxiliary verb, seen is the main verb in the past tense.

This is completed, perfectum, remember the Latin word? It's already happened, but it links with what? It links with now.

It's relevant to now.

I have seen that movie.

We have seen that movie already.

I haven't unseen it.

It's still relevant.

The cat has chased the mouse away.

The cat has chased.

Has is my auxiliary verb from to have, chased as my past tense main verb.

Dad has fixed the broken toy.

Can you tell me in that sentence which are my two verbs, my auxiliary and my main? Have some thinking time.

Hold it on your chest when you've got it ready.

Which are the two verbs? Three, two, one.

Well done, has fixed.

Dad has fixed the broken toy.

These things have already happened, but they impact or are connected to the present moment.

So let's check what we've just learned.

Which of the following would be found in a sentence in a perfect present tense? A, a verb from to have.

B, a verb ending with ing.

C, a main verb in the past tense.

D, an auxiliary verb.

There's more than one answer.

Could you pause the video now? Well done.

The correct answer is or the correct answers are.

A verb from to have will be in a perfect present tense sentence.

A main verb in the past tense.

And an auxiliary verb, which is the verb from to have.

I have learned my grammar.

I have learned.

Learned is the main verb in the past tense.

In the perfect tenses, the auxiliary verb is helping a past tense form of the main verb.

I have played tennis for six years.

Have is from the infinitive to have, it's my auxiliary verb.

Played is the past tense form of the main verb.

It has been a hot summer.

Has is the auxiliary verb.

Been is the past tense form of the main verb.

Let's check what we've just learned.

True or false.

A perfect tense is made using an auxiliary verb based on to have and a future tense form of the main verb.

Is that true or false? Pause the video now.

Okay, well done.

The answer is false.

But how would you justify your answer? Is it A, because a perfect tense is made using an auxiliary verb based on to have and a past tense form of the main verb? Or is it B, because a perfect tense is used when something has already happened.

Which would be the better way to justify that answer? Well done.

It would be A.

So the mistake in my original sentence was that it says it was a future tense form of the main verb, but it's an auxiliary verb and a past tense form of the main verb.

Now sometimes that main verb can be a bit naughty.

It can change when we use the perfect present tense.

And this is just one of those things we just have to learn.

But the good news is I think you'll be able to hear what sounds right.

So let's see what we mean.

Alex ran in the three-legged race every year.

That's in the simple past tense and the verb is ran.

It's finished, it's happened.

But when we turn this into the perfect present tense and we know that even though it's the perfect present tense, the main verb is always in the past tense.

We are going to change ran to has run.

Alex has run in the three-legged race every year.

Now the thing that's in the present tense there is the auxiliary verb.

That's what carries the tense.

He has run in the three-legged race every year.

Let's take a look at another one.

Jack and Andeep sang a solo.

There's our simple past.

Jack and Andeep have sung a solo.

There's our perfect present tense.

So you might think it would be have sang a solo, but hopefully you can hear that doesn't sound right.

And it is have sung a solo.

We took part in a trip to the synagogue.

There's our past tense, simple past tense.

It's finished.

And here's our perfect present tense.

We have taken part in a trip to the synagogue.

So again, you might think it would just be, we have took part but hopefully you can hear that doesn't sound right.

So in the perfect present tense, this will be we have taken part in the trip to the synagogue.

And as I said earlier, these are ones that we just have to learn.

But hopefully we can hear what sounds right.

Here are some more examples of verbs that change when we use the perfect present tense.

So here's the simple past tense.

He went, they did, you drew, we chose, she went, I saw.

In the perfect present tense, we're going to turn that into he has gone, they have done.

you have drawn, we have chosen.

Now I'm going to leave the last two to see if you can notice what they'll be.

She went, she has.

I saw, I have.

Can you have a little bit of thinking time? Well done.

It's she has gone and I have seen.

Okay, it's your final task for today.

Well done, you are doing so well.

Could you circle the auxiliary verb based on to have? Then decide if the main verb is correct.

If it's incorrect, write the correction on the line.

So for some of them all you will do is just find and circle the auxiliary verb and the main verb will be fine, so you can leave it.

But if the main verb sounds incorrect, you need to correct it on the line.

They have learnt about mammals in science.

Jun has ate breakfast already.

We have went to the show already.

I have practised my spellings.

The dog has took his collar off.

Could you pause the video while you complete this task? Remember the lines are there.

You can either just do a tick if you think the main verb is correct.

Or if you think the main verb is incorrect, write the correction on that line.

Off you go.

Well done everyone.

Let's go through the answers.

They have learn about mammals in science.

Have is the auxiliary verb based on to have.

Learnt is the main verb.

They have learnt and that sounds right to me.

So I'm just going to give that one a tick.

Jun has ate breakfast already.

Hmm, has is the auxiliary verb, but ate sounds wrong.

It should be Jun has eaten.

Well done if you spotted that.

We have went to the show already.

Have as the auxiliary verb.

But this should be, we have been to the show already.

I have practised my spelling.

Sounds good to me.

And the dog has took his collar off.

No, it should be the dog has taken his collar off.

Well done if you spotted any of those mistakes.

So in today's lesson we have learned that the verb carries the tense of a sentence, tells us when it's happening.

We use the perfect present tense to show something that started in the past that is still relevant or connected to the present.

The perfect tense is a tense that makes use of an auxiliary verb from the infinitive to have with the past tense form of the main verb.

We have learned about the perfect preset tense.

We have, there's our auxiliary verb.

Learned, there's our past tense main verb.

Well, well done because honestly that was really challenging.

And I think you've done so well to sit through that entire lesson and to have had a go at all those tasks and checks for understanding.

You should feel honestly really proud of yourselves.

So well done and hopefully I'll see you for some more learning another time.

Bye.