Hello, and welcome to the lesson.

Mrs. Butterworth here to take you through our lesson today, which is all about planning and writing a speech.

Now I know, I know, some of you will say that you don't need to plan your writing or that planning is a waste of time, but I can assure you, it is such an important part of the process.

And we're going to explore some really useful strategies to help you create effective plans, which will in turn help you write excellent speeches.

So are we ready to go? Let's get going.

So you'll be able to plan and write an effective persuasive speech by the end of this lesson.

But before we jump into that lesson, let's look at some keywords that will pop up in today's learning and will just help with our understanding, those words are confrontational, concise, disarm, diplomacy, and cusp.

Now, confrontational means to confront or challenge aggressively and directly.

Now, we want to avoid our persuasive speeches being too confrontational because we don't want to put off any of our audience members, so we want to avoid being too confrontational.

Concise means to use a few words to express an idea clearly and effectively.

So when we're thinking about completing our planning for writing a speech, we want it to be concise.

So we need to get really good at using as fewer words as possible to express our ideas clearly and effectively.

We also see the word disarm in this lesson, and this is all about removing weapons or the ability to fight.

So you'll notice that our pupils are using this word disarm in some of their speeches.

The word diplomacy is all about resolving conflicts and managing relationships through communication and negotiation.

You may have heard of the word diplomatic, which links to this word.

And then we have this lovely word cusp, I really like this word.

And this is all about being on the threshold of a significant change or development.

So she was on the cusp of something amazing is a way that we could use that word.

So it's a really great, great way to describe that.

So this is the outline of our lesson today.

We're going to start by looking at how we plan for a persuasive speech, and then we're gonna think about how we write a persuasive speech.

So let's go.

So we're going to use single-paragraph outlines today to plan our speech, and they look like this.

So you will have a topic sentence, supporting detail, and a concluding sentence.

Now, your topic sentence and your paragraphs, you need to think about how are you going to engage your reader and develop your viewpoint.

So your topic sentences need to be really impactful and well thought out before you go on to write the rest of your speech.

And then the supporting details, these are the points you are going to make to develop your argument, so you need to think about what devices you are going to use, what information you are going to include, and these need to be done in a concise manner, so they need to be really clear and really efficient.

And then your concluding sentence, you need to think about how are you going to create an impact at the end, that all-important concluding sentence, and how are you going to link it to the initial topic sentence? You don't want it to just be vague or random.

It has to link to that first idea in your topic sentence and be really impactful as well.

Okay, so can you identify the different parts of the single-paragraph outline? Okay, have a little look through and decide what a, b, and c should be.

Off you go.

Okay, so, hopefully, some of you're feeling confident.

Are we ready to go? So a is topic sentence, b is supporting detail, and c is our concluding sentence.

So this is what we'll be working with today to plan our paragraphs.

Okay, so I would like you to discuss, please, what makes an effective topic sentence? So you'll need to pause a video, so you've got time to discuss your ideas, or you may just wish to sit quietly and think to yourself.

Pause the video.

Off you go.

Thank you, everyone.

Some really interesting ideas there, so let's just share some of those.

So I created a checklist from all of the things that we think make an effective topic sentence.

So it should emphasise and develop your argument, so it needs to be really specific to what your viewpoint is.

You need to use a range of rhetorical devices to engage the audience, so you need to be really considering what are the most impactful rhetorical devices I could be using at this moment.

And also, to use a variety of sentence forms, so are you going to use a declarative or an imperative sentence to really hook your audiences in? Okay, so Andeep here has written some topic sentences.

And what I would like you to do is, I would like us to think about how we can use that checklist to give him some advice.

So let's read the sentence together first.

So, "You should consider what you are going to do about the issue, shouldn't you?" Okay, so let's think about that checklist.

So the first thing I would say is, it's a very vague sentence, isn't it? It could be in any speech, really, you could fit that in.

It hasn't specified any of the specific issues, so it feels very vague, and it hasn't really established what the argument is about.

And this is a really good thing to check with your sentences, if they could be placed in a speech about anything, they're not being specific enough, you are not developing your viewpoint or your ideas enough.

And Andeep has used direct address and a rhetorical question, but he really needs to consider how he can use these in a more impactful way.

And then he has used an imperative sentence, so that's really good.

But the reason I put a cross here is because it sounds really confrontational.

So if you think about it, "You should consider what you are going to do about it, shouldn't you?" So that overuse of direct addressing you almost feels a bit confrontational.

You almost wanna say, "Okay, Andeep, whoa." (laughs) So he needs to rewrite this and make his tone appropriate for the audience.

Remember, we want to be convincing and persuasive, we don't want to be confrontational.

So Andeep has taken this advice on board, and he's had another go.

So let's read his topic sentence.

So, "The housing crisis continue to affect the very poorest, isn't it time that those in power address this issue?" So we can already hear that that is such a, that is a much more effective topic sentence, because, quite rightly, what he has done, it is so clear the issue that Andeep is addressing, so it emphasise and develops his argument.

He's talking about the housing crisis and who it affects, so it's much more specific and much more about his viewpoint and his argument.

Andeep has decided to keep the rhetorical question, which is great, but it now sounds more thought-provoking than confrontational, so, "Isn't it time that those in power address this issue?" So he hasn't overused that pronoun you, it's more of a kind of thought-provoking statement about his argument.

And then he has decided to use a declarative sentence rather than an imperative, so he doesn't put his audience off because it's, again, he doesn't want to sound too confrontational.

So what Andeep has decided that he's going to wait till later on in the speech to use direct address.

But for now, he's happy with that declarative sentence, "The housing crisis continues to affect the very poorest," followed by that rhetorical question, just to hook the audience in and get them inside, get them on side before challenging them directly.

So really good work there, Andeep.

Well done on using that feedback to improve your topic sentence.

Okay, true or false time.

You should use as many rhetorical devices as you can in your topic sentences, true or false? Okay, so let's see if we've got the answer right, that is false.

Okay, can you justify your answer by picking a or b, please? Okay, and the answer is a.

So using one rhetorical device well, considering tone and audience is more effective than using multiple devices.

So we've got to get really good at being selective and thinking about how we craft those rhetorical devices for maximum impact.

Excellent work, everyone.

Let's keep going.

So now I'm gonna think about our concluding sentences, so I'm gonna show you three, first one, don't you want to be the leader who brought peace to the world? Second one, we need to create better value within our community.

Third one, let us be a global community who help one another rather than one that seeks to inflict harm.

So those are our three concluding sentences.

So what I would like you to discuss is, how are they different to topic sentences? So think about the topic sentences that we have looked at.

What sentence forms have been used, and what rhetorical devices have been used? So pause video so you've got time to discuss or think to yourself, your answers to these questions.

Pause the video.

Off you go.

Okay, great.

Shall we feedback? So as they're not introducing ideas, lots of you have noticed that they are shorter and much more concise.

They bring everything together in a really efficient way.

They're not introducing new ideas or throwing new stuff out there.

And like topic sentences, they use a range of rhetorical devices.

So you'll notice that in these concluding sentences, there is a rhetorical question, there is also direct address, and there is also a first-person pronoun, but they have considered how and when they're going to use those rhetorical devices.

So, for example, if you have a rhetorical question in your topic sentence, you probably don't want another one in your concluding sentence.

And likewise, if you have directly addressed the audience in your topic sentence, you may want to consider how that's going to sound in your concluding sentence, could it be impactful to repeat it, or maybe it's a little bit confrontational? And then there is a use of imperative sentences to create an urgent tone.

Now, imperative sentences are quite good to use in concluding sentences 'cause they sound like you're giving an order, we need to, or let us be.

So they're quite good for your concluding sentences.

I'd now like us to look at those concluding sentences and think about how they link to topic sentences and how they can create links to the following topic sentence so that in our paragraphs, they create almost like a bridge from concluding sentence to topic sentence just in order to really structure your speech in a really effective way.

So as you can see here, we have topic sentence two, topic sentence three with its paired concluding sentence.

So let's just look through together and think about how they linked the topic sentences, but also, how they're creating links to the next one.

So topic sentence two is, millions of pounds of dollars and yen are put into weapons of destruction rather than construction.

How can we let this continue while our countries suffer? And then concluding sentence two is, we need to create better value within our community.

So start to think about how that links back to the topic sentence.

And then topic sentence three, we are a global community, we are one community, we are not the divided society that existed a century ago.

And let's look at that concluding sentence that goes with that topic sentence, let us be a global community who help one another rather than one that seeks to inflict harm.

So let's look at how those sentences link and how they create links also.

So you'll notice, in this concluding sentence, it uses that word better value.

And I think this is really clever because that word value links to the idea of money in the topic sentence.

So we know, in the topic sentence, is listing pounds, dollars, yen.

And here it says, it links to the idea of the value of community, so it's using that word to kind of nod and link back to that topic sentence, but it also includes the word community.

And if you look at the following topic sentence, the topic sentence three, that starts to talk about community.

So this concluding sentence is almost creating that link to that next topic sentence, so it makes your speech flow really nicely.

Now, the concluding sentence three to go with topic sentence three is really effective because it actually repeats keywords and ideas from the topic sentence.

So it says things like global community and about how we need to help each other, so it's really effectively adapting and referencing that topic sentence.

So initially, it's we are, and in the concluding it's let us be, so it's really effectively made those links there.

So when you are planning your concluding sentences, you really need to think about your topic sentences.

So think about it.

Is there an opportunity for repetition? Could you maybe adapt one of the ideas in your topic sentences? How does it create a link to your next topic sentence also? So you need to consider all of these things when planning those all-important topic and concluding sentences.

Okay, so which of these creates a successful concluding sentence? So a successful concluding sentence should? Okay, who thinks I've got all the answers? So a successful concluding sentence should a, be concise, c, create a link to the next topic sentence, and also use rhetorical devices? So b, introducing a new point, we should save that for our topic sentences.

Okay, should we keep going? So now we have considered our topic and concluding sentences, we need to plan our supporting detail.

So if you remember from our paragraph outlines, they look like this.

So we've done our topic sentence and our concluding sentence, we now need to think about that supporting detail.

Now, the supporting detail should only be in note form.

So remember, it's all about being concise.

It should outline your main points and ideas, and it should also think about the rhetorical devices you are going to use in the main parts of your paragraphs.

So let's look at an example.

So the supporting detail here is, in this paragraph, I'm focusing on the impact of nuclear weapons and war on civilians.

And I've got this lovely rhetorical question here, does the cost ever justify the means? I'm also gonna remind myself that I'm gonna use a rule of three.

So my rule of three is the most anti-democratic, anti-national, anti-human.

And I've also put in my keywords here.

So I'm gonna make sure I use words like peace, diplomacy, and disarmament to really make my speech sound sophisticated.

So you can see here how that's supporting detail, although it's really concise, it gives you everything that you need, all the information that you need to write a brilliant paragraph within your speech.

Okay, so which three are the success criteria for planning supporting details? So which three of these are the success criteria for planning supporting detail? Off you go.

Okay, so who thinks I've got the right answer? Shall we see? Okay.

Yeah, okay.

So in your planning, you should include your rhetorical devices, it should be in note form, and you should outline main points and ideas.

Now, we know we don't need full sentences because we want this to be concise, streamlined, and efficient.

Okay, so it's now over to you.

So we've looked at effective topic sentences and concluding sentences, and we also know what supporting details should look like.

So what I would like you to do is, I would like you to plan your topic and concluding sentences as well as the supporting detail for your persuasive speech.

I know you're gonna do a good job, you're gonna need to pause the video, so you can complete this task.

Off you go.

Okay, great work, everyone.

So I'm really hoping that lots of you are starting to see how effective planning is.

So you can see already, can't you, you've got all of your ideas written down in a really good order.

So you've done all the thinking for your writing.

So I'm hoping that that planning is starting to show how important it is.

Okay, so what I would like you to do with your wonderful plans is, I would like you to use this checklist just to make sure that you have done everything you needed to.

So does your plan include topic sentences that include well-selected rhetorical devices, so think about all of that work we did at the start.

Have the topic sentences used a range of sentence types? So look at those three topic sentences.

If they're all the same sentence types, change them.

Concluding sentences, that should also include well-selected rhetorical devices.

Do your concluding sentences link to the previous topic sentence and create links to the next where appropriate? And your supporting detail, does it include keywords, rhetorical devices, and does it outline those main ideas? If you've done all of these things, you've done an amazing plan, but just pause the video, so you can check through and check that you've done all of these things, and make some changes where you need to.

Okay.

Off you go.

Okay, well done, everyone.

We have thought about planning our persuasive speeches.

Now we're going to think about writing them.

So let's keep going.

Okay, so you have planned the main body of your persuasive speech.

Well done.

But before you begin writing, I want us just to remind ourselves of an effective opening and closing, they're the first and last things your audience will hear, so they are very important.

So I'd like you just to remind yourselves or discuss, what do you think would make an interesting opening or closing to a speech? Pause the video, so you've got time to discuss or just think about your ideas.

Okay, off you go.

Okay, fantastic.

So before we think about writing anything, let's just look at some examples, 'cause it's always a good way to start thinking about our own writing, and we might even find some things to steal.

So (laughs) let's have a little look.

So we're gonna read this example, and I want you to think about what it has done well and what EBI, what even better if, you could give it.

So let's just read it through first.

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.

Everyone in this room wants the best for their country.

Everyone in this room wants to be the leader who brought about a positive change that the world will remember.

Everyone is now relying on you to make sure that the world is safe for future generations.

How can you make this possible? You must disarm your military forces, put down your weapons, create a new future with new possibilities.

Don't you want to be the leader who brought peace to the globe? Okay, so just have a little think, so you might want to pause the video to give yourself time to do this.

What has this opening done well, and what could it do even better? Pause the video if you need to now.

Okay, so in terms of what went well, I would say, there's a really good use of language and tone, isn't it? It's really appropriate.

It's not too confrontational, but it's just right.

It feels formal, and it just feels exactly right.

I also really like the use of short imperative sentence.

And, again, these are forceful, but they're not confrontational.

You must disarm your military forces, put down your weapons.

So it's a really good way of using those imperative sentences.

And there is an effective use of rhetorical question to provoke thought before moving on to the main part of the speech, so, don't you want to be the leader who brought peace to the globe? And, again, it's specific to the topic, isn't it? It's not a general don't you or do you, there's a much more specific thing linking to peace and the audience, who are the leaders In terms of an even better if, I would say something that this writer might want to consider, or this speaker might want to consider, is maybe using anaphora a bit more creatively.

So instead of just repeating everyone, could they perhaps use everyone followed by you or we? And it just then includes all of the audience as well as just generally saying, "Everyone." So perhaps that could be an option.

And maybe they could try removing that first rhetorical question, so the ending is even more impactful.

So it's, how can you make this possible? It's a bit general and vague, isn't it? It doesn't link to the main ideas in the argument, and there's also already a rhetorical question at the end.

So maybe getting rid of this one would make it all the more, even more, all the more impactful.

Okay, so which of these is an example of a short impactful imperative sentence, is it a, b, or c? Okay, the answer is b, we must act now.

Now, you can see that a has a question mark, so we know that that's not an imperative sentence, that's an interrogative sentence.

So if you see a question mark, that's a good way to know that it's not an imperative sentence.

And c, war is never the answer, is our declarative sentence.

So you can see here this imperative verb must, we must act now, it sounds like it's giving a command, giving an order, and that's our imperative sentence, it creates this urgent tone.

Okay, so I would like you to look at these two conclusions, please, we've got a and b, we'll read them through together first, okay? So let's read a, so, world leaders, I stand before you on the cusp of change.

We are on the brink of disaster or success.

Your actions could be the catalyst for salvation or destruction.

What would you rather be remembered for? It's time for you to act.

It is time for us all to act.

Okay, let's look at conclusion b.

In conclusion, I think you should disarm your military powers.

This is important because it will bring world peace, it will be better for the economy, it will benefit everyone, and it will make you look like a munificent leader.

The world needs this.

Thank you for listening.

Okay, so pause the video, so you've got time to read these through again, and discuss, which pupil do you think has written the best conclusion? Off you go.

Okay, interesting.

Some mixed answers there.

So we're going to use our Oak pupils to share some feedback.

So maybe you agree with them, maybe you don't.

Let's see.

So Sam has said that they really like the tone of a.

Yeah, I agree.

And what Sam has says is that, "It sounds challenging without being confrontational.

And that I think the call to action at the end is really effective and inspires actions from both the world leaders and the wider audience." So that's a really good point actually.

You know, it is time for you to act, it's time for us all to act is a really, yeah, inclusive call to action.

So that's great.

And Sam has also picked up on the repetition of the short sentence structures at the end.

And I think using short, impactful sentences one after the other can sometimes be really effective at hooking your audience in and appealing to them, inspiring them to do something.

A great answer.

Now, Jun says that actually, he prefers b.

So he has said, "I really like b.

Although, I think I would not use in conclusion." I agree.

In a speech saying, "In conclusion," it's not really very impactful.

And also, Jun has said, "And thank you for listening, as it takes away from the urgent tone." Yeah, if we read through that his last sentences, it will make you look like a munificent leader.

The world needs this.

Thank you for listening.

It almost takes away from that last, the world needs this, and I think that's an almost better way to finish.

So thank you for your input, Jun and Sam.

It's a true or false time.

Using in conclusion is an effective way to conclude a speech.

What do we think, true or false? Well done, everyone, that said false, but now, we have to justify our answer, picking a or b.

And the answer is b, the best conclusions will signal that the speech is concluding through the use of rhetorical devices and language.

I think that's a really good point.

You don't have to say, "In conclusion," or, "Thank you for listening," because you are going to craft your conclusion so that the audience knows exactly what's happening, you are able to signal the end with maybe a short sentence or a call to action.

Okay, so it's now time for you to do some writing, and I'm really looking forward to seeing how you tackle this task because we have our single-paragraph outlines from task A.

So now all you need to do is write your persuasive speech.

And I've given you a checklist here to make sure your speech is effective.

So as you are writing, you need to make sure you have an engaging introduction which establishes your viewpoint.

So think of the examples that we have looked at, maybe they can help inform your writing.

A range of well-selected rhetorical devices used for impact, a range of sentence types, well-selected, sophisticated vocabulary, an effective conclusion that challenges the audience.

Again, is there something that you've seen today that you could potentially borrow? And is it well structured, including topic and concluding sentences? Okay, so you're going to need to pause the video, so you've got time to complete this task.

I really cannot wait to see what these speeches are like.

So let's get ready to go.

Pause the video now.

Wow, thank you so much, everyone.

I can feel the hard work and the thought and the effort going into those speeches.

So really well done.

And I think some of you are even coming around to the idea that planning is a very good thing to do.

So, hopefully, you can see that just having those plans make writing it all up so much easier because you've done all the initial thinking and you've written it down in a really clear way.

So planning is the best, I promise.

Okay, so we have parts of Sofia's speech here.

Let's just read it together.

"Social media can sometimes make us feel sad or worried.

When we see perfect pictures of other people's lives, it can make us compare ourselves to them.

We might start thinking we're not good enough or that our lives aren't as exciting.

It's important to take breaks from social media and remember that nobody's life is perfect, even if it looks like it online.

We're all unique and special just the way we are." So what I'd like you to do is, using the checklist from task B, so the one that we've just used to write our responses, I'd like you to see if you can give Sofia a what went well and an even better if.

So you'll need to pause the video to re-look at that checklist and to give Sofia that what went well and an even better if.

Okay, pause the video now.

Okay, fantastic.

So this is what we have come up with.

So the what went well is the good use of the first pronoun we, totally agree.

And this has been used to engage the audience, and there is a good range of examples.

Yeah, Sofia, you really has.

Sofia has really used some good examples here to back up what she is saying.

And I think an even better if, if we're thinking about that checklist, is to include some rhetorical devices and short imperative sentences to add urgency and make the speech even more persuasive.

So Sofia could definitely use maybe a short sentence at the end, or a rhetorical question somewhere even, or a rule of three just to make it even more interesting.

So now, you'll need to give your own work of what went well and an even better riff using that checklist.

Off you go.

Well done, everyone.

How was that? Hopefully, you've managed to get a really good speech written, and I'm sure you can see how effective planning can be at helping us write those things.

And the great thing about this is, the more you practise your planning, the quicker you will get and the more helpful it will be in improving your writing.

So really great work, everyone.

Okay, so let's just remind ourselves of everything we've looked at.

We know that single-paragraph outlines can be used to create effective plans.

Topic and concluding sentences should use rhetorical devices carefully for the greatest impact.

Concluding sentences should link to topic sentences, and where appropriate, create links between sections, and introductions and conclusions should be engaging and impactful.

An excellent lessons day, everyone.

You have worked so hard.

So can't wait to do it all again soon.

Goodbye.