Lesson video

Hi there, everyone, and welcome to our lesson today.

Today we are going to be doing quite a lot.

We're going to plan and write a section of our journalistic report.

So let's get started.

By the end of today's lesson, you will have planned and written the quotes section of a journalistic report about the Titanic.

Here are some key words we're going to use, direct speech, speech first sentence, speech second sentence, reporting clause, reported speech.

Well done.

Direct speech is the term used for a person speaking out loud in a text.

A speech first sentence includes direct speech first before the reporting clause.

A speech second sentence includes direct speech second after the reporting clause.

A reporting clause tells the reader who said the speech and how.

Reported speech is the form of speech used to share what was said by someone without using a direct quote.

Today we're going to be planning and writing the quotes section of a journalistic report about the Titanic.

Firstly, we're going to learn about purpose and linguistic features of this section.

Then we're gonna move on to planning and writing the quotes section.

The layout of a journalistic report can look like this.

We have a headline, an opening, which gives the reader some general information about the event, the recount section, which gives the readers specific information about the event, the quotes section includes quotes from people who know more about the event, and the closing.

It describes what is currently happening and what is likely to happen next.

So far in our unit, we've already written the opening and the recount, and today we're planning and writing the quotes section.

The purpose is the aim of the text, and the purpose of the quotes section is to share information from key people or witnesses who know more information about the topic.

We can share this information in two ways.

We can either do it through direct speech or reported speech.

We use direct speech to show that a person is speaking out loud.

Let's read this speech sentence together.

"This ship is unsinkable," stated Philip Allbright, vice president of White Star Line.

These are the words the person said out loud.

So what did Philip Allbright actually say is highlighted or written in purple here on the screen.

What he actually said was, "This ship is unsinkable." This is direct speech.

Direct speech is shown to the reader using inverted commas.

This is what inverted commas look like.

The inverted commas tell us where the words the character said begin and end.

So anything that is inside the inverted commas is what the character or the person said.

The reporting clause tells us who said the direct speech and how.

We can also share extra information about the speaker in the reporting clause.

So if we go back to this original sentence, "This ship is unsinkable," the reporting clause is, stated Philip Allbright, vice president of White Star Line.

So for example, in my reporting clause here, I've given a synonym for said, which is stated, I've said who, I've told my reader who spoke, which is Philip Allbright, and I've also used for some parenthesis inside brackets to explain who Philip Allbright is.

He is the vice president of White Star Line, and that's a shipping company who built the Titanic.

What is the purpose of the reporting clause? "Well done everyone," smiled Mr. Clarke happily.

Is it A, to show who's speaking, B, to show what they are saying, or C, to show how they are saying it? Pause the video now while you decide.

Well done everybody if you spotted that the purpose of the reporting clause is to show who is speaking and how they are saying it.

Direct speech can be written in speech first or speech second format.

Let's have a look at this sentence.

"This ship is unsinkable," Philip Allbright, vice president of White Star Line, has stated.

The direct speech is, this ship is unsinkable.

The reporting clause is, Philip Allbright, vice president of White Star Line has stated.

We end a speech first sentence with a comma, then closing inverted commas.

We also finish a speech sentence using a full stop.

Here's a little scaffold we can use in a speech first sentence.

So we begin with opening inverted commas, we start our speech sentence with a capital letter, then we have the full speech sentence, which ends in either an exclamation mark, a question, if the person was asking a question, or a comma, then we close our in commas, we have our reporting clause, and we end the sentence with a full stop.

Direct speech can be written in speech first or speech second format.

Now here's an example of speech second format.

Let's read it together.

Philip Allbright, vice president of White Star Line, has stated, "This ship is unsinkable." This time, the reporting clause comes first and the direct speech comes second.

Gotta pay close attention to how we use a comma in a speech second sentence.

So we have the reporting clause, followed by a comma, followed by the opening inverted commas and the speech, the direct speech.

We also must remember to finish our direct speech with a full stop or a different piece of punctuation.

Here's a scaffold we can use.

So we start any sentence with a capital letter.

Then we have the reporting clause, and it's really important we remember that at the end of the reporting clause we have a comma before we open our direct speech with inverted commas, we know that direct speech begins with a capital letter, and it needs to end in either an exclamation mark, a question mark, if it's a question, or a full stop, and we close the inverted commas.

Which punctuation is missing in each of these examples? Pause the video while you do this.

Well done if you notice that in A we are missing a full stop.

In B, we were missing the second pair of inverted commas that should go after that comma in the direct speech.

And for C, we are missing the comma at the end of the direct speech.

Well done If you spotted all three of those.

Now it's time for your task.

Rewrite each sentence, adding the missing speech punctuation.

Let's read these sentences through together first.

This ship is a miracle of marine engineering, exclaimed one-first class passenger as he observed the Titanic from the key side.

One tearful member of the crowd explained, "My daughter is travelling on the ship to New York City to start a new life." We've also got sentence number three.

Let's read it together.

Commenting from the key side, Captain Smith stated, "It is a great honour to command this magnificent vessel." "I can't believe I've got a ticket.

It feels like I'm in a dream," stated one passenger as they prepared to board.

Before you go and start punctuating these four speech sentences, you firstly need to work out whether they're speech first or speech second sentences.

Then you can use the appropriate speech scaffolds to help you with punctuating them.

Pause the video while you do that.

Great work, everyone.

Well done if you spotted that the first sentence was a speech first, sentence number two was speech second, sentence number three was speech second, and sentence number four was speech first.

Well done for using the scaffolds to help you.

Did you manage to get all of the missing punctuation? Remember, especially for speech second sentences, we need to have the comma before the opening in commas for the direct speech part of the sentence.

The purpose of the quotes section is to share information from key people or witnesses who know more information about the event.

We can share this information in two ways, direct speech, so we've already now talked about direct speech first and speech second, but we can also share information using reported speech.

Reported speech or indirect speech is the form of speech used to share what was said by someone at some point in time, but it is not a direct quote.

Reported speech is what happens when we paraphrase in our own words what somebody else said.

Reported speech sentences do not include any inverted commas.

They include the word that before relaying what was said by a person.

Let's read this direct speech sentence.

"I wish I had a ticket!" exclaimed one envious onlooker As the ship departed from Southampton docks.

We could reframe this in reported speech format in this way.

One envious onlooker exclaimed that they wished they had a ticket as the ship departed from Southampton docks.

Now, we're going to try converting the direct speech into reported speech.

Let's read this together.

"God himself could not sink this ship," reported a crew member as he boarded the Titanic.

So remember, in my reported speech, I do not have any inverted commas, but I do have the word that before I relay what this person said.

So I need to take what this person said, this crew member, and put it into and relay it in my own words.

As he boarded the Titanic, a crew member reported that God himself could not sink this ship.

Now it's your turn.

Convert the direct speech into reported speech.

Let's read this sentence together.

Speaking to the press, Thomas Andrews stated, "Titanic is a floating palace." Pause the video now while you convert the direct speech into reported speech.

Well done if you have changed it in this way.

So we've kept our non-finite subordinate clause.

Speaking to the press, Thomas Andrews stated that the Titanic is a floating palace.

Now it's time for you a task.

Read the model quotes paragraph and identify the following speech sentences.

Let's, first of all though, read the model together.

Whilst attending Southampton docs to witness the Titanic's departure, journalists from the "Oak National Times" interviewed several witnesses present at the event.

"I am thrilled to be travelling aboard this magnificent ship and I'm particularly excited for my long awaited trip to New York," stated one passenger.

Furthermore, several crew members that were interviewed shared that they are just as excited at the prospect of journeying on this miraculous ship as their guests.

Speaking exclusively to journalists, Captain Smith, whose career has spanned 40 years, reported, "Never in all my career have I witnessed distress at sea.

I expect this voyage to be no different." Pause the video now while you complete your task.

Well done everyone.

So one speech first direct speech sentence was, "I am thrilled to be travelling aboard this magnificent ship and I'm particularly excited for my long awaited trip to New York," stated one passenger.

One speech second direct speech sentence was, speaking exclusively to journalists, Captain Smith, whose career has span 40 years, reported, "Never in all my career have I witnessed distress at sea.

I expect this voyage to be no different." And finally, one reported speech sentence was, furthermore, several crew members that were interviewed shared that they are just as excited at the prospect of journeying on this miraculous ship as their guests.

Well done, everyone.

What a brilliant start to our lesson.

Now we're going to move on to planning and writing the quotes section.

The purpose of a plan is to prepare ourselves for writing.

If we give careful thought to the planning process, our writing outcomes will be much more successful.

We can build on ideas from our plan during the writing process.

When we plan, we use notes.

Notes are concise and capture subject-specific vocabulary and information.

The purpose of notes is to help the writer to organise information easily for future use.

We use bullet points when note-taking, and they look like this.

The quotes section can be structured like this.

We have our introductory sentence, which introduces what the paragraph will be about, and then we have the quotes, which give the reader information from those who witnessed the event or who know more about the topic.

Here is what our plan looks like for the quotes section.

So we've got our introductory sentence, quote 1, 2, and 3.

Now you can choose whether to do quote 1 as a direct or reported, and the same for quote 2 and quote 3.

But it's really important that you have a variation between at least one speech first sentence, one speech second sentence, and one reported speech sentence, but you can choose which order you do them in.

Here's my model again.

Now you know this well because we just looked at it for the last task.

Let's focus on this first sentence, which is our introductory sentence.

Let's read it together.

Whilst attending Southampton docks to witness the Titanic's departure, journalists from the "Oak National Times" interviewed several witnesses present at the event.

So from reading this introductory sentence, my reader knows that this section is going to be all about what people who were interviewed said to the journalists.

Now it's your turn to write bullet points for key words and phrases you will use in your introductory sentence.

So remember, with your introductory sentence, you need to think about how you will explain that you interviewed some key people.

Pause the video while you do that now.

Great work, everyone.

Here are a few ideas that I jotted down.

So I've decided to use an adverbial subordinate clause, as passengers boarded the ship, journalists from the "Oak Chronicle." In my model, I called it the "Oak National Times." You can come up with the name for your newspaper yourself.

And that we secured exclusive interviews.

Remember, as a journalist, you want to make your reader feel really hooked in and interested in the people that you interviewed.

So to say that they were exclusive interviews means that the people you spoke to didn't speak to any other journalists.

So your newspapers were to find this information.

Back to my model now, and this time, we're going to read through a direct speech sentence.

This is a speech first sentence because the speech clause comes first.

"I am thrilled to be travelling aboard this magnificent ship, and I'm particularly excited for my long awaited trip to New York," stated one passenger as they prepared to board the vessel.

I've also included in my reporting clause an adverbial subordinate clause, and it begins with the subordinating conjunction as.

Here's another quote that I included.

Let's read it together.

Furthermore, several crew members that were interviewed shared that they are just as excited at the prospect of journeying on this miraculous ship as their guests.

Now, I wonder whether you can spot what type of speech sentence this one is.

There are no inverted commas, no direct speech.

So well done if you spotted that this is a reported speech sentence.

And my final quote, let's read it together.

Speaking exclusively to journalists, Captain Smith, whose career has spanned 40 years, reported, "Never in all my career have I witnessed distress at sea.

I expect this voyage to be no different." Here I've got a direct speech second sentence.

I've also decided to embed a non-finite subordinate clause into my reporting clause.

So you can see here that if we want to showcase some more complex clauses and additional information here, we can do that within our speech sentences or within our reporting clauses.

I also used, in this one reporting clause, a relative subordinate clause, okay? So I had a non-finite subordinate clause, speaking exclusively to journalists to open my reporting clause, and I also gave some additional information about Captain Smith using a relative subordinate clause, whose career has spanned 40 years.

Now, when we are planning in our quotes, we need to consider these elements, who to interview, which synonyms for said to use.

So if we focus, first of all, on who to interview.

Imagine now you're a journalist at the key side, which people are around, and who would you like to hear from? Who's gonna give interesting responses that your readers are going to want to read? So talk to the people around you now at home or in your classroom about who would you like to interview, who would you like to speak to.

So remember, on the key side, there'll be lots and lots of people.

Some of them will be crowds, some of them will be passengers, some of them will be crew, but some of them will also be very significant figures, such as the captain, or Thomas Andrews, who designed the ship, but he was also travelling on the ship.

Have a think about who you would like to interview.

Here are some ideas that I had.

A passenger, a member of staff, Captain Smith, Thomas Anderson, or maybe a friend or family member of a passenger who is leaving to travel to another country.

Remember, this was in 1912.

People didn't fly around the world and go on holidays.

People who were travelling on their ship.

Some of them were never going to return again because they were starting a brand new life in New York City.

So this might have been a really, really emotional moment for lots of their friends or family members who were waving them off on their big trip.

Now, we need to think about synonyms for said.

So we are not gonna use the word said in our report because we can use more ambitious synonyms. Remember though, our synonyms for said need to be formal.

So we might use words like reported, stated, remarked, exclaimed, commented, explained, claimed.

Well done.

We could use any of these words instead of the word said.

Now it's time for you to draught your speech sentences.

Now I say draught because you can plan a full speech sentence and think about your punctuation here.

Use a range of subordination in your reporting clauses.

And also, use your speech first and your speech second scaffolds to help you.

Remember, you want to use a range of a speech first, a speech second, and a reported speech sentence in your plan.

So take some time now to think about who you've interviewed, which synonyms for said you're going to use, what those people are going to have said, and also how you're gonna build in some subordination into your reporting clauses.

Pause the video now while you do that.

Well done, everyone.

Now your work is going to obviously be different to mine, but I'm just showing you some examples of speech sentences that I have planned in.

I've decided to do my first quote from Charles Joughin.

You might remember that we mentioned him before as he was the head baker on the ship.

The world-renowned baker, Charles Joughin, who will be the ship's head baker, stated, "It's a career highlight to work on the catering team of the Titanic." Now, I've made up that he said that, okay? But I've said something that was relevant to his role.

My second quote, waving a first class ticket proudly, one young passenger, aged eight.

So I've included that as parenthesis inside brackets, excitedly exclaimed, "I can't wait to swim in the indoor pool!" Now because I've used the word exclaimed as my synonym for said, I need to use an exclamation mark at the end of the speech sentence.

And finally, I've gone for a reported quote here.

Thomas Andrews spoke to reporters as he prepared to board the ship, so as he prepared to board the ship, that's my adverbial subordinate clause, remarking that she is as perfect as the human brains that made her.

so this was a quote from Thomas Andrews, saying that he didn't think that the ship could be any more perfect.

Reread your plan now and use the speech scaffolds to check that you have punctuated your quotes correctly.

Sometimes I find it useful to use a coloured pencil or a highlighter to highlight in my speech sentences where I've remembered to use my inverted commas, my commas around my reporting clause and my speech clauses, and just to make sure I've remembered things, such as a capital letter to starch my speech sentences and full stops or exclamation marks at the end.

Take the time now to use your scaffolds to help you check that you've remembered all the relevant speech punctuation.

When you've done that, then use your plan to write your quotes section as a full paragraph.

Use the success criteria below to help you.

Remember, success criteria help guide us and remind us of what to include in our writing.

So you need to have included an introductory sentence, written at least one speech first and one speech second sentence.

You need to have written at least one reported speech sentence.

And used a range of complex sentence types.

So remember, building in that subordination into your reporting clauses.

Pause the video while you do that now.

Well done, everyone.

Here is my full quotes paragraph.

Let's read it through together.

As passengers boarded the ship, journalists for the "Oak Chronicles" secured exclusive interviews with those present at the Southampton docks, the world renowned baker, Charles Joughin, who will be the ship's head baker, stated, "It's a career highlight to work on the catering team of the Titanic." Waving a first class ticket proudly, one young passenger, aged eight, excitedly exclaimed, "I can't wait to swim in the indoor pool!" In addition, Thomas Andrews, the Titanic's designer, spoke to reporters as he prepared to board the ship, remarking that she is as perfect as the human brains that made her.

In my quotes paragraph, I have included an introductory sentence, I have written one speech first, one speech second sentence, and I've included one reported speech sentence.

I've also included a range of sentence types.

I've included an adverbial subordinate clause, non-finite subordinate clauses, and a relative subordinate clause to create different types of complex sentences.

Now, this brings us to the end of our lesson, where today, we have been planning and writing the quotes section of a journalistic report about the Titanic.

The purpose of the quotes paragraph is to share information from people who are at the event, or who know more about the topic.

Quotes can be written in the form of direct speech or reported speech.

Using a variety of speech structures helps enhance the cohesion of the quotes paragraph.

The reporting clause can be used to share additional information about the person who said the quote.

Well done, everyone.

We have achieved a huge amount in this one lesson.

I'm sure you're feeling so proud of what you've achieved today.

Well done, and I'll see you again very soon.