Lesson video

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This is the second and final translation lesson for the units on the infinitive and the imperative.

And for this fable, we will obviously be practising the imperative.

But the more important thing, is the means to the end of the imperative practise.

And of course, is to translate yet another one of Aesop's and the Phaedrus' fables.

In fact, a last one before we move on to, you know, further stories.

All right.

And this one, actually, I know I say this about all the fables but this one really is one of my favourites.

It's about a clever, it's not about a bird, it's about a clever little bat.

Okay.

Let's get reading.

The Bat and the Cats, practise translation.

Our learning objectives are, can I translate fluently a Latin passage, containing the imperative and have I consolidated core vocabulary? Press pause if you need to, to get pen or pencil, paper, different colour, that's the same kind of pen, I know, I know.

Um go and get what you need.

Thanks for turning out with the right stuff if you have done.

So let's look at that vocab.

These are the fourteen most frequent or most important words that you'll need to have at your fingertips.

The expectations, you know, all of them, when you do, um, because you'll need to know all the minerals to do the independent translation passage in the middle of the story.

Right.

We're going to take this close up.

Now look at these ones at one, two, three, four, five, six.

It's quite a few.

We'll be fine.

So, first up we have avis and we've seen this word before in fact, we've seen it a whole bunch of times, and obviously we get words, in English words like aviation, which has to do with to do with flying and 'avis' is a bird, all right? Secundus.

Look come on.

Oh, it's such a difficult language isn't it? Latin.

It's a tough, it's a prestigious subject.

'Secundus' Now note the spelling though.

Obviously words like secondary and it means second, but know how, when you're writing that, it's got to be 'u' in Latin but 'o' in English, This is more of a spelling issue than a, a translation one.

Cado.

We saw way back when at the um, with the uh, camel story.

Um, so the first story that's part of this course, actually.

If you go to casualty, right? It might be because you fell over, right? And uh, cadence is a musical term, it's to do with the rising and the falling of notes.

'Cado' or the melodies, 'cado' is I fall.

All right? 'Cado' I- I fall.

noli We've done it.

We did it in the previous lesson.

Let's just remind ourselves.

It doesn't mean 'not', it doesn't mean 'no', it means 'don't', all right? And there's no derivation but it means don't.

There it is.

Okay? Nolite, 'te' in the plural, we'll just say it with 'noli' today.

Don't confuse it with 'non' which means 'not'.

Iterum.

If you reiterate a question or a message, then you say it again.

All right? If you re- let me reiterate the meaning of iterum.

Iterum.

If you reiterate uh, something, then you say it again, okay? Let me reiterate the meaning, you get the idea.

Iterum is again, all right? Postridie is to do with, we should have recog- recognised this or that post on the front.

So do with things being after you have things like post-war, um, in uh, English phrases.

Yeah? Uh, PM in that acronym is, on the Latin Post Meridia meaning after mid day.

All right? Now 'postridie' doesn't mean after.

Postridie.

It doesn't mean after mid day.

'Postridie' means on the next day or on the day after.

You might remember it like that.

That means you keep the sense of afterness either on the next day or on the day after.

And it's not the same as tomorrow.

All right? Um, because we won't go into that, but you want to remember as that, 'on the day after', right.

Are you ready to press pause and just look over these words one time.

Off you go.

Press pause.

Just read them once.

Don't worry about trying to, you know, write them down or learn them yourself.

We're going to do that together, but just familiarise yourself with them.

Okay.

Hands completely free.

What does the following word mean? Avis? It's a bird.

Cado.

Is it there? What 'cado' mean Is if you have an accident, the 'C' and 'D' in accident, and you might want to go to casualty because you have fallen over.

Good.

There was 'nolite' and 'non'.

We must make sure we know that.

Good.

'Noli' means 'don't' and 'non', 'not'.

And next up.

Postiridie.

Does it mean tomorrow? Good.

It means on the next day or on, or on the day after, you might remember it like that.

'Iterum' means which of those two? Is als- again isn't it? Um, let me, now that's tough.

Look there's also 'quoque' yeah? If you let me reiterate the meaning of uh, 'iterum', it means 'again'.

If I have to reiterate, 'iterum' means 'again'.

Okay so like you want me to ask you again? 'Iterum' is 'again', 'iterum', 'again'.

Cado versus capio.

They both have a 'ca' a on the front.

It doesn't mean you're allowed to confuse them.

What do they mean? Okay.

So have a look.

So, there you go.

'Cado' as in casualty, when you fall over.

'Capio' is like lean to capture, so it's like 'I take', if you capture something.

Iterum cado means what? Good.

Will be 'I fall again,' great.

Postridie consumo.

To be, 'I eat on the next day' or 'I eat on the day after'.

Great.

And avis secunda is what? Is the, be 'the second bird'.

Non sum avis secunda.

What's that? Is after two and one, 'I am not the second bird'.

That, something like that might come up in this story.

You don't know.

Now what's the missing- 'Habeo' and 'capio'.

If we didn't get 'capio' before, it's time to get that right.

What's 'capio' mean? Let's have a look.

In two and one.

'Capio' is sort of 'capture', it's sort of 'I take'.

It like 'I capture'.

'Habeo' is 'I have'.

Yeah.

Specto.

Now.

Nice hard one this.

What's 'specto'? Good.

A spectator is someone who watches something.

Okay.

Uh, 'specto' is 'I watch' or 'I look at' as opposed to 'video' which is just like 'see' or 'look'.

Avem capio is 'I' what? Good.

Well done.

'Capio' in this case now for this story, you might want to translate 'capio' as in more like 'catch'.

That would work a bit better.

The 'I take a bird'.

Noli consumere means what? To be 'don't eat'.

Postridie iterum cado.

There you go.

Is 'iterum' still there? Is 'cado' still there? Answers is three, two, so, 'I fall again on the day after' or 'the next day'.

'On the next day, I fall again', something along those lines.

Now, trying to bring me in.

Okay.

Um, what? Lets have a look.

We've got consumo, cado, habeo and 'capio'.

'Consumo, 'cado', 'habeo' and 'capio'.

So let's have a look.

We're going to have some kibble.

So imagine I've got some delicious kibble here, and I'm going to have 'capio kibble' means what? 'Kibble capio' means what? 'Kibble capio' will be, 'I take food'.

And then now I've taken it, um, I have 'Kibble habeo' will mean what? 'Kibble habeo' will be 'I-' Good.

I've taken it.

And now I have it, and you can see where this is going.

'kibble consumo' will be, 'I-' 'I eat food'.

Now maybe, I eat so much food.

That, what do I do? I tried to go for a walk and then I 'cado'.

I what? I brr.

I 'Fall over'.

Right.

Just do a quick bit of miming.

Uh, lets go do a quick fire.

So uh, I'm going to mime a, one of these verbs to you.

And then you're going to tell me the Latin word and then we might go the other way or something.

So let's go.

So let's start with ha, ha.

It's going to be after three, two, one.

'Capio, capio.

' And then now when you've got something will be three, two, one, 'habeo'.

I'm on the floor, it'd be three, two, one, 'cado' and let's do, he will be what, three, two, one's going to be 'capio' isn't it? 'Habeo' or 'capio'.

Okay now, I'm going to pick one and you're going to mime that one to me, let's start off with my miming 'consumo' in three, two, and let's have a look.

Mime 'cado' in three, two, uh what's it mean? Good.

Don't, be safe, be safe all right? It don't have to be too bad.

It means 'I fall'.

Now what's the difference between uh, 'habeo' and 'capio'? 'Habeo' and 'capio'? I'm going to do one and it's going to be, I just, would be 'habeo'.

Mime 'capio' in three, two, one.

It's going to be 'I catch' or I uh, catch is what we're going to use in today's lesson.

Normally it would be 'I take'.

Here's a, uh, pen there.

will be like that, 'I take'.

Very well done.

Very nice.

So, what do these words mean? 'Iterum'.

What's it mean, means if you re- let me reiterate my question.

What's 'iterum' mean? Means you ask something again.

'Iterum', well if you want me to ask it again, 'iterum' is, it's 'again'.

Oh like fine.

I'll ask you one more time.

What's 'iterum' mean? Yeah, I know you want me to ask it again? Okay.

It's a hilarious joke.

And then point at me, so if you point at me you'll be pointing at, me.

It may mean to me, if you're going to say.

What do these words mean? One to 14 down the margin.

Off you go.

Okay.

Difficult pen time.

How did we do? I'm sure it was fine.

Great.

Okay.

Hands completely free.

Let's have a look at our story for today.

Now, as I mentioned in the intro, this is the last of our fables and it's one of my favourites.

All right.

And uh, as always, these fables were written by Aesop, um, invented the idea of fables and then Phaedrus wrote fables in Latin, even though he was a Greek.

Now, this fable is about a 'feles', it's about a 'feles'.

There's a very famous mosaic from Pompeii of a cat, a 'fele' is a feline, right? Um, which here is capturing, 'capeo' is catching or uh, capturing or whatever uh, seizing a bird here but we're not looking at 'avis' You know the word 'avis' is coming up and our translation, Our story is in fact going to be about a 'vespertilio'.

Now, I'm not going to be underlining this every time so you need to learn this word now, including its accusative form here.

So with me, 'vespertilio, vespertilio' And the accusative, 'vespertilionem'.

One more time.

Vespertilionem.

Vespertilione.

Fine.

And it's an extremely long word in Latin, but an extremely short word in English and a 'vespertilio' is a bat.

'Feles', cat.

This can also be a plural, it can also be 'feles' so cats and a 'vespertilio' is a bat.

What's going to happen? So um, before we get to that translation, we need to do a little bit of practise, particularly of the imperative.

You will be doing this passage in no time.

You'll be on your own.

And you'll be looking at 'specta me' and you'll go, "Mr. Ferber, I don't, I've forgotten the imperative only." And I'll say, "That's okay," because we're going to look at sensors like that map.

I'm not going to do 'specta me' or 'noli me consumere' for you.

Instead go look at sentences which resemble those sentences.

Yeah.

I have a few Latin sentences.

Noli spectare avem.

It's been mistranslated as 'the bird does not want'.

This one's more of a vocab issue.

We just stay on top of it.

You just did a quiz on this.

So it should be fine.

Five seconds.

What's wrong with this translation? Go.

And 'noli' means, tell me in a bit, why does it set to green, why is it green? I must say I miss the phone.

Oh, I'm gone.

To bring me, yes that one.

So I was here, what did I miss? Okay.

On the blue.

So um, big strong voice for me that gave you a bit more thinking time.

What does 'nali' mean? It does not mean 'not'.

'Noli' means three, two, one.

Good.

So we're missing a 'don't', so actually this is a step one problem.

'Watch' is fine.

'Bird' is fine too.

Uh now, once we've got that, really the whole thing just wraps.

It just unravels isn't it? 'Don't watch the bird'.

Yeah.

And then it's there.

Literally 'don't to watch', but we don't need the 'to', do we? Don't watch or don't look at the bird as accusative, as receiving the watching.

Okay? So just don't confuse 'noli' and 'non', is point number one.

So one last look at that, correct answer it in two and- Number two.

We've got 'consume' 'Consumer avem' mistranslated, 'You eat the bird'.

10 seconds.

What's this person done wrong? Go.

Six, five, four, three, two, one.

And with me from, we're going to do it from OST and we're going to stop when we get to the letter 'e' pronounced 'e' in Latin.

With me finger in the air, and one, two, three, OST Oh, hold on it's that one, 'a', 'e', 'i', 'a', 'e', 'i'.

And what's that? That's going to be the something singular.

It's going to be the imperative.

And can you mime to me how we translate the imperative using your finger? It goes like with me, Doesn't it all right? We're going to need an exclamation mark there.

Okay? Now, does that mean we're finished? So actually what this means is 'you eat the bird'.

I'm giving an order.

I'm saying, "You eat the bird, you eat the bird." That's an order, like the imperative.

And that's a command.

Is that the correct, I'm being a bit sarcastic.

So you know, it's not right, but just show me by nodding heads or shaking it.

Do you, do you think that's the right answer? Yeah? Uh, it's going to be shaking heads.

It's 'not' because, do we need now nodding or shaking head, when we've got an imperative, do we need a pronoun over here? Shaking heads.

'You eat the bird' would be the you form.

It'd be that one.

It would be one finger pointing at you.

It'd be '-os', that will become 'avem consumes'.

We've got 'e', 'cosume avem' and it's just going to be, not 'You eat the bird', but just uh, it's obviously uh, it's going to be like that.

It would just be 'eat the birds'.

Right? Imperative, singular.

'Eat the birds.

' A imperative over there.

All right? Okay.

Got that.

Take one last look because I'm getting rid of it in three.

two, one.

Now.

What's that mean? Noli consumere avem means what? In two and one.

'Noli' means 'don't'.

'Don't eat the bird'.

Specta aven, uh, avem means what? Hmm sort of, should we run it through? OST Right.

'a', 'e', 'i' so that's, that one is uh, as you'd expect, imperative singular.

Another clue is the word order.

Imperatives go first in the sentence.

Whereas uh, you watched the bird that would still have 'avem' and accused of, you'd have 'spectas' and it'll be over here.

So you can use the word order to help you.

And that is legitimate unlike using exclamation marks to help you because they're not always going to be there.

Nori habere avem means what? Good.

In three, two, it's the don't one isn't it? 'Don't have a/the bird'.

Avem non habeo is what? Three, two and one.

I do not, OST, 'I do not have the bird'.

Right.

And the second thing we're looking at, here's a sentence which looks like this.

Uh, and I'm actually going to give you something which is quite similar.

And also how do we translate vespertilionem? So we've got 'clamat feles' known as the- all number of things wrong with this translation, but I can, again I'm, I'm actually quite sympathetic to this mistake.

Clam- clamat feles et vespertilionem not this mistake capit.

All right? What's wrong, 'She shouts the cat and bat takes' other than the fact that it makes no sense.

People, what? What is the right answer? What has that student dumbbell? 10 seconds have a sink.

Five four, three.

I've got the counting wrong.

Two and one and one again.

Fine.

Now, what we're actually going to do when looking at this one is split this sentence into two, I think we've got 'et' in brackets and just split the whole thing into two down the middle, like that.

We're going to do 'clamat feles' first.

Then we're going to do 'vespertilionem capit'.

Okay.

So Clamat feles um, 'she shouts'.

That's correct.

So actually look, let's do that as well.

Uh, hold on.

I've got this the wrong way around Mr. Ferber.

Goodness sake.

Just got the pen and we'll be in brackets and align like that.

Now 'she shouts the cat', that's actually technically correct.

Isn't it weird? Because you've got verb here and the nominative is OST so 'she' and then the cat is your nominative as well.

So um, but my key thing here is when you, now we're used to seeing this, when you've got a verb plus 'nom', and you already know what your nominative is, do you need the nominative that's with the verb? The answer is no.

So actually the same rules stay the same and we don't, we even put it in brackets.

Just get rid of that 'she' and then what you end up with is 'shouts the cat', which doesn't make sense.

But actually if you're telling a story, all right, um, what could the cat be shouting? Um, "Oh, I can't wait uh, for the rain to stop." This is the best my imagination could do.

All right.

Or let's have a look.

"Oh, I love to eat fish," shouts the cat.

If you're reading a story where a cat's speaking then 'shouts the cat' makes sense in English, as it also does in Latin.

And when that happens, this is a stylistic thing.

We're actually, normally verbs go at the end.

But in this case, the verb is gone at the front.

So shouts, the cat is fine.

You may translate it.

If you want, by just swapping these two around, you can still, perfectly allowed to still translate it as 'the cat shouts'.

But I'm just telling you, that's why that verbs going there at the front.

It's the same as if you're reading a story and you know, blah, blah, blah says Mr. Ferber, it's the same format.

Now the next thing, however, that mistake is nearly forgivable because I never taught you that, but this next one is an unforgivable because 'vespertilionem', what letter do singular So it's going to be accusative and nodding or shaking heads.

If you have an accusative at the first, as the first word of your clause or sentence, is that going to be the first word of your English translation? Shaking heads.

It's going to be in the middle or in this case at the end.

So, and do we see, look, bats, let me do it like that.

'Takes', you swap these two around.

I could have done this and.

Not like that.

And 'takes the bat', okay? And 'takes the bat'.

The bat's receiving the taking or the catching.

So, the whole thing together would be, 'The cat's just shouted something.

' Shouts the cat.

And now we put the 'and' in because we've looked at the fact that this is two different clauses.

Okay? Okay.

So 'shouts the cat and takes the bat'.

Got it? They're going to see a sentence that looks very similar to this.

And it's extremely important to me that you get it right when we translate it.

Right.

Take one last look at that correction there because we're going to do something similar in three, two, and, go.

Feles cadit et vespertilio it's not, it's, that's nominative or accusative consumit.

So this one, the here, the bat is nominative.

There's no 'm' on the end, it's nominative so it's just doing the eating.

What's going to change here? Hmm.

Now this one, this is exactly the same thing.

Just because you swapped the, in terms of the word order, the verb and the nominative, doesn't actually mean that the translation necessarily has to change.

But, now I'm going to give away.

What about this one? This means now, by virtue of having got the first one, you'll get the second one, but let's just look at it.

Point at the right answer in three, two.

And there you go.

'The cat falls'.

So we see 'falls the cats' i.

e 'the cat falls' and that bat's not doing any eating and on the end, accusative, and eats the bats.

Ooh, don't, wait.

That bat's fine.

That bat's fine.

It's just a practise sentence.

Right.

Translation time.

Let's have a little look.

Vespertilio a ramo cadit.

'feles' 'vespertilionem capit et inquit', 'quam deli deliciosum' aves consumero amo'.

I should've done more of a catty voice, but uh, it's too late now.

So the 'vespertilio', what's that mean? Is that dog? Come on, the bats.

Thank you.

'Cadit'.

We mimed it.

The bat falls from a branch.

So she's holding on and then ooh! Accidentally falls down and she lies on the ground.

What happens? The feles vespertilionem capit a cat use the opportunity to snatch, so to capture, to, to take.

You might say snatched or grab the bat.

And she says, she says, quam deliciosum, yum yum.

How delicious.

Amo.

I love.

Consumere aves.

Now 'I love' is this an imperative? What's this? Ray, ray is not the imperative but they tell me that infinitive.

'I love to eat'.

Now um, nominative singular or sorry.

accusative singular or accusative plural 'aves'.

Singular or plural.

Singular or plural.

It should be plural.

So the whole thing together, 'I love to eat birds'.

Hmm, it's about a bird? Well let's have a little look.

This is the main part of the story.

And you're going to find out what does that bat say in order not to be eaten.

Off we go.

And as always, if you want to finish this story on your own independently, then um, please do do that as a challenge.

Okay.

Different kind of pen at the ready.

Let's get translating.

Well done.

Now let's see.

Um, I'll read out the Latin because I like doing that.

Non sum avis vespertilio clamat.

'specta me! Pennos non habeo.

' Restrum non habeo.

Mus sum noli me consumere! 'mus! Quam foedum!' clamat feles et vespertiliomem dimittit postridie vespertilio a romo iterum cadit.

Secunda feles vespertilionem capit.

'Quam deliciosum! Mures consumere amo.

' Right.

So, we just had a bit, just remind ourselves what happened um, about force on the branch.

A cat pounces on, the first cat pounces on that bat and says, "Oh, I can't wait to eat this delicious bird." And then here we go, non sum avis.

"I am not a bird," the bat shouts.

"Look at me," specta me, imperative.

"Look at me.

I do not have feathers." I know, good.

This is, 'I do not' as opposed to 'I don't have feathers', isn't it? "I do not have feathers.

I do not have a beak.

I am a moose, a mouse.

Don't eat me, a mouse." quam foedum.

"Yuk!" shouts the cat and dimittit and releases and lets the bat go.

On the next day, the bat falls.

What's she doing? Falls from a branch again.

A second cat catches, snatches, jumps, whatever, the bat.

quam deliciosum Yum, yum.

"I love to eat mice." Oh no what's going to happen? That mouse, the bat, she said to the other cat she was a mouse when that cat wants to eat a bird.

This cat wants to eat a mouse.

What is she going to say to that cat? Let's have a look.

So non sum mus clamat vespertilio specta me caudom non habeo, alas habeo' sum avis noli me consumere "Avis! Quam feoedum! Yuk!" clamat feles et vespertilionem dimittit.

Right.

non sum mus I d- I'm not the cat, what did the cat just say? Says, "Oh, what a great treat.

I love to eat mice." All right? And the bat says, oh sh- the bat shouts, the "Ah, ah, ah, ah, ah I'm not a mouse.

Specta me Look at me.

Non habeo caudom I don't have a tail.

I don't have a tail.

Alas, look, I have you- I have wings.

Sum avis.

I am a bird.

Don't eat me.

I was a bird." "Yuk! How disgusting? Yuk!" shouts the second cat and lets the bat go.

So that bat is fine.

This is actually one of my favourites because the, all the other ones, the animals, they always come to bad ends don't they? Whereas this one is if you're clever enough, actually it turns out you might be able to avoid being eaten.

I adore the story of that clever bat, right.

Once we're done, then all's left for you to do that exit quiz.

But before that we're going to say valete to each other and we'll run through, for old time's sake.

OST with Ray let's go after one, two, three Great.

Okay.

That's regular verbs done or not.

You still got do the exit quiz, but I very much hope to see you on the next unit, which is all about the past census and also on, you know, all sorts of units and stories throughout the course of this course.

Very well done.

I hope you enjoyed all those fables and I look forward to teaching you again very soon.

Valete.

Thank you.

Bye bye.