Hi, everybody, it's Ms. Gardner and welcome to the final lesson of this handwriting unit.

You've all worked so hard throughout the unit and you should be really proud of how far you've come with your cursive handwriting.

In today's lesson, we're going to be practising writing words which have a range of different prefixes.

So I hope you enjoy it and let's get started.

Your learning outcome for today's lesson is to correctly form words using the prefixes un- non-, mis-, and dis-, Let's start by looking at the key words.

We'll do my turn, your turn.

Prefix.

This is a letter or a group of letters added to the start of a word to change its meaning.

Join.

This is how the letters are connected together.

Letter string.

This is a group of letters that are written together in a word.

Lead in.

The stroke or line that guides us into starting a letter.

Lead out.

The stroke or line that guides us to smoothly finish a letter.

So there are three sections of our lesson today.

In the first, we'll be doing a handwriting warmup, then we'll be writing the prefixes un- and non-.

And then we'll be writing the prefixes mis- and dis-.

Let's start with our warmup.

Before we start, what are these pictures reminding us to do? Pause the video now and have a think by yourself or chat through with your partner, class, whoever you're with, off you go.

Okay, so the first picture, reminding us to sit on a chair at a table or a desk, to have your feet flat on the floor, so not dangling or swinging around, and to have your back against the chair.

The second picture reminding us to angle your paper correctly.

If you're right-handed, it should be angled slightly to the left.

If you're left-handed, it should be angled slightly to the right, and then your non-writing hand is supporting it to stop the paper moving around.

And then the third picture is reminding us to hold our pencil in the tripod grip.

So before starting to write, it's really important to warm up your hands and your wrist muscles, just like you would warm up your muscles before a PE lesson or a match.

Your hands and wrists get stronger the more you exercise them, so the more warm up exercises you do, the stronger your wrist muscles will be.

Warming up your hands before writing will really help to improve your cursive handwriting.

So let's warm up.

Let's have a go at doing the finger touch warmup.

I'm going to have a go first and then you'll be able to have a go afterwards.

So with the finger touch warmup, you're going to put your hands like this, open like this, and you're going to imagine you've got some Play-Doh on your thumb, resting on your thumb, then you're going to touch the Play-Doh with your first finger, then your next finger, then your next, then your little finger.

And then you can go backwards, little finger first this time, then this finger, then this finger, then this finger, imagining you're touching that Play-Doh.

You can go a little bit faster if you want to.

Back, touching it again.

And let's get your other hand.

This time, you are imagining the Play-Doh to be on your other thumb, and you're gonna touch the Play-Doh with your first finger, then your next, then your next, then your next, then backwards there.

Touch, touch, and then you can get really fun.

You can do both hands together, little fingers, first fingers, and then backwards.

Okay, it's your turn.

You need to now choose either your right hand, your left hand, or both hands, it doesn't matter.

Choose which hand you want to start with.

Imagine your Play-Doh's on your thumb and then start touching your each finger on the Play-Doh, pressing it down.

Backwards, maybe get both hands this time, touching each finger on the imaginary Play-Doh.

I hope you can imagine the Play-Doh there and the texture of the Play-Doh, that's quite soft.

You're pushing down it.

A really good way to warm up your fingers ahead of handwriting.

Great job.

Let's use the wiper wrist technique to warm up for handwriting.

This is a really good technique because not only does it warm up your wrists, but it also is a great chance to use your imagination.

So you are going to imagine your wrists are your windscreen wipers.

You are in a car so you can imagine you are in a bus or a taxi or a car or a van, whatever, and you're driving wherever you want to drive, but it is pouring with rain and it's not very easy to see if you're driving and there's rain splattering on the windscreen, so we need to use windscreen wipers.

So we're going to imagine our hands are windscreen wipers and we're going to wipe, wave them left and right, speeding it up a little bit 'cause the rain's getting harder to wipe the windscreen clear so that we can see.

So now your turn.

Get your hands ready, pretend they're windscreen wipers, and let's start wiping the screen clean slowly, and then the rain's getting harder, so we're gonna speed up, speed up, speed up, and slow down again.

And now your wrist should be feeling really warmed up and ready for some handwriting.

Great job.

Another good thing to do before you start handwriting is to practise some writing patterns, as this helps us to prepare for the writing and the joining letters.

You can see these writing letters on the screen here.

They involve hand movements and wrist movements, which are quite similar to the movements we'd use in cursive handwriting.

So really useful to do this in this lesson.

So I'm going to do the writing pattern in the air with my finger.

You can see this pattern here.

It almost looks a bit like a L or a U or a W.

It looks a little bit like some cursive letters, so this is a really good one to practise.

So starting at the bottom, and then going up and then down, and then a little bit up and then down and then little bit up, down, down, little bit up again, all the way up, down, little bit up.

Really trying to keep a smooth, flowing movement.

Okay, it's your turn.

Get your fingers ready.

Let's all do this together.

Remember, we're really trying to create, a smooth, flowing movement.

So starting at the bottom, let's go up, then down, then a little bit up, then down, then all the way up, then down, a little bit up, down, all the way up, down, and out.

Great job.

I hope you enjoyed that.

It's time for task A.

You need to copy and continue these patterns using your tripod grip.

Remember, don't lift your pencil off the page when forming the pattern.

You want to try and keep it stuck on the page to help create that really smooth and flowing movement.

So pause the video now.

Off you go and enjoy.

Well done, everybody.

I hope you enjoyed that.

Have a think.

Did you use your tripod grip? Did you keep your pencil stuck on the page? And was your movement smooth and flowing? I'm sure you all did a brilliant job, but if you'd like to, you can pause the video now and have another go at continuing these patterns.

Well done, everybody.

It's time for the second section of our lesson, where we are writing the prefixes un- and non-.

A prefix is a letter or a group of letters added to the start of a word to change its meaning.

Let's have a look at some examples.

We'll do my turn, your turn 'cause it's really important to have a go at saying things aloud as well as just reading them and hearing them.

Unkind.

So you can see here, the word kind is our root word, and we've added the prefix un- to change its meaning, it's become unkind now, the opposite meaning.

Here, we have preview.

Preview, the root word was view, but we added the prefix pre- to completely change the meaning.

There are lots of different types of prefix, and it can help our handwriting and our spelling to practise letter strings using common prefixes, as they appear in lots of our words that we write.

So can you remember the four joins that we use in cursive handwriting? We have our first, second, third, and fourth join.

Here are some examples of each join to help you.

So pause video now and have a think by yourself, or discuss this with your partner, your class, whoever you're with.

Off you go.

Okay, so our first join is from the baseline to the X-height line.

You can see that's how A and W are joined.

Our second join is from the baseline up towards the ascender line.

Our third join is from the X-height line to the X-height line.

You just dipped a little bit below.

And then the fourth join is from the X-height line up towards the ascender line.

Great job.

So here are the prefixes un- and non- in cursive handwriting.

Take a closer look.

What do you notice about the letter formation? Pause the video now.

Okay, let's start with un-.

So these are both X-height letters, aren't they? U begins with a lead in from the baseline, and N ends with a lead out from the baseline.

And then non- also starts with a lead in from the baseline, also ends with a lead out, and just like un-, these are all X-height letters, we don't go to the ascender line or down towards the descender line.

So let's look at it a bit more closely at un-.

The first letter has a lead in, the last letter has a lead out.

The letter U is joined to the letter N using the first join.

That's because the first join is from the baseline to the X-height line.

Remember that when you're joining your letters, you don't lift your pencil.

Okay, let's have a look at non- now.

So the first letter has a lead in, the last letter has a lead out, and the letter N is joined to the letter O using the first join, so from the baseline to the X-height line.

The letter O is joined to the letter N using the third join because they're joined just below, dipping down just below the X-height line, and remembering that you don't lift your pencil off the page when you're forming your joints.

So I'm going to form the prefixes un- and non- in cursive in the air with my finger first before we start writing them on paper.

Okay, so let's start with un-.

We're gonna start on the baseline, my starting point.

I'm gonna start with our lead in, and we're gonna go up to the X-height line, forming our letter U, back down to the baseline to join U to N, up to the X-height line, back down, and then lead out from the baseline.

Okay, now we're going to do non-, remembering that they're all X-height letters.

So we want to keep 'em all trying to be on the same height.

Starting on our baseline, our starting point, let's lead into the letter N, going up to the X-height line, forming the letter N, joining N to O from baseline to X-height line, and then joining O to N, just stepping below the X-height line and forming the letter N, and then finishing with a lead out from the baseline.

Okay, it's your turn.

Let's all do this together.

There's lots to be thinking about here, so we really need to concentrate when we're doing this with our fingers in the air.

Let's start at the starting point on the baseline to form un-.

Everyone ready? let's go.

Lead in, up to the X-height line, form the letter U, and back down to the baseline to join U to N with the first join, then back up to the X line, follow the letter N, back down to baseline, and lead out.

Well done.

Let's do non- together.

Everyone got your finger ready? Let's start at the starting point on the baseline.

Lead in, let's form the letter N, up to the X-height line, back down to baseline, joining N to O with the first join, and then at the X-height line, joining O to N, dipping just below.

And then at the end, we'll finish with our lead out.

Well done.

If you want to, you can pause the video and have another go doing this.

Otherwise, great job, everybody, I hope you enjoyed that.

So these words are written in cursive handwriting, and they use the prefixes un- or non-.

Let's have a look.

Unkind.

Let's my turn, your turn.

Unkind.

Unkind means you are not very kind to somebody.

It's the opposite of kind.

And nonsense.

Nonsense.

If something is nonsense, it does not make sense.

It's nonsense.

So have a look at these words closely.

What do you notice about their letter formations? Pause the video now.

Okay, let's start with looking at unkind.

So unkind starts with a lead in on the letter U, we have two ascender, K and D, and the final letter D finishes with a lead out.

Then nonsense.

All the letters are X-height letters, aren't they? It starts with a lead in on the letter N, and finishes with a lead out on the letter E from the baseline.

So what do you need to think about when you're writing letter strings with a prefix? The first letter has a lead in from the baseline.

The last letter has a lead out.

There will be a range of cursive joins used within the letter string, depending on which letters are in the word.

The prefix un- is joined to the letter K here using the second join, so from the baseline up to the ascender line.

The prefix non- is joined to the letter S using the first join, from the baseline up to the X-height line.

Remember, you don't lift your pencil until you've completed the letter string, so for example, in the word unkind, you won't dot the I until you finish writing the word.

Let's practise writing words with the prefixes un- and non-.

We're going to write unkind and nonsense.

I'm making sure I'm sat really comfortably.

I've got my pen in my tripod grip.

Then I'm gonna start by going to the baseline, finding a starting point, which is where I'll start my lead in from.

Making sure that I'm trying to keep my pencil on the page for the whole word.

So I'm ready, so I'm going to say ready, line, go.

And then I can start with my lead in from the baseline to form the letter U.

U back down to N and U to N, joined from baseline up to X-height line, N joined to K, baseline up to ascender line, forming the letter K, then joining K to I, baseline to X-height line.

Baseline to X-height line again.

And then joining N to D, baseline up towards the ascender line, and then back down to the baseline for a lead out.

And then I'll go back and dor my I.

Great.

Now I'm going to write the word nonsense.

So again, I'm starting on the baseline to begin my lead in to form the letter N.

I'm ready, so I'm going to say ready, line, go.

Starting with my lead in to form the letter N, joining N to O, baseline to X-height line, O to N, dipping down below the X-height line.

N to S, baseline to X-height line.

S to E, baseline to X-height line.

E to N, baseline to X-height line.

N to S, baseline to X-height line again.

And then finally again, baseline to X-height line, finishing with a lead out on the baseline.

Great.

Checking for understanding.

Select the correct formation of the prefix un-, A, B, or C.

Pause the video now.

That's right, it is A.

It couldn't be B because they neither letter reaches the X-height line and N isn't formed quite correctly, and it couldn't be C because U and N are not joined together.

Well done.

Now select the correct formation for the prefix non-.

Pause the video now.

That's right, it is C.

It couldn't be A because their letters are not joined correctly and it wouldn't be B, because you can see here that N and O, the first N and O, are not joined using the first join.

Well done.

It's time for task B.

First, you're going to practise writing the prefixes un- and non- using the starting point on your baseline, then you're going to practise writing the following words on your lines: unkind, unusual; nonsense; and nonfiction.

I suggest you try to write each word at least three times.

Pause video now and off you go.

Well done, everybody.

Great job.

So have a look at what you've just written in task B.

Did you use the correct joins within the letter strings? Did you keep your pencil on the page until the end of the letter string? If you need to, you can pause the video now and using the examples on the screen, make any edits you need to to your words.

Okay, well done, everyone.

Here's the fun part.

Look at everything you've done in task B, circle your best join, the one you're most proud of, and celebrate, great job.

Okay, it's time for the third part of our lesson today, where we are gonna be writing the prefixes, mis- and dis-.

Here are the prefixes mis- and dis- in cursive.

What do you notice about the letter formation and the joins that are used? Pause the video now.

Okay, let's start by looking at mis-.

All of these letters are X-height letters, aren't they? M starts with a lead in, and S finishes with a lead out on the baseline.

Dis-, here we have an ascender letter, the letter D.

The letter D also starts with a lead in, and S finishes with a lead out on the baseline.

All of the letters here are joined using the first join, so from the baseline to the X-height line.

Let's look at these a bit more closely.

So in mis- the first letter has a lead in, the last letter, S, has a lead out.

The letter M is joined to the letter I using the first join, from the baseline to the X-height line.

The letter I is joined to the letter S also using the first join.

You don't lift your pencil when forming the join, so you won't go back and dot your I until you've finished writing the prefix.

Here in dis-, the first letter has a lead in, D.

The last letter has a lead out.

The letter D is joined to the letter I using the first join, so from the baseline to the X-height line, the letter I is joined to the letter S also using the first join, from the baseline to the X-height line.

And just like in mis-, you don't lift your pencil when forming the join, so you'll go back and dot your I after you finish writing the letter string.

So I'm now going to form the prefixes mis- and dis- in cursive in the air with my finger.

So let's do mis- first.

I'm going to do mis- first.

I'm gonna start on the baseline in my starting point, and we know I need to do a lead in, so leading in, and then forming my letter M, joining M to I with the first join, I to S with also the first join, and then finishing S with a lead out.

Then I can go and dot my I.

Now we're going to do dis-.

Starting on my starting point on the baseline, lead in up to the X-height line falling my letter D, up to the ascender line, back down, joining D to I with the first join, I to S, also with the first join, and then finishing with a lead out.

And then I can go and dot my I.

Okay, it's your turn.

Let's form the prefixes mis- and dis- in cursive in the air using our finger.

Let's all do this together.

You ready? Let's go.

Mis- first, starting on the baseline with our starting point, starting with our lead in to form the letter M, so leading in form, the letter M, joining M to I with the first join, I to S also with the first join, and then finishing with a lead out.

Then we can go and dot our I.

Well done.

Now let's do dis-.

So starting on the starting point, everybody ready? Let's go together.

Lead in, forming the letter D, up to the ascender line, back down to the baseline, joining D to I, I to S using the first join again, and then finishing with a lead out on the baseline, and then we can go and dot our I.

I hope you enjoyed that.

You all did brilliantly.

Well done for keeping your movement really smooth and flowing.

So these words are all written in cursive handwriting and use the prefixes, mis- and dis-.

We'll do my turn, your turn.

Misplace.

If you misplace something you lose it.

I misplaced my cup of tea, I placed it somewhere and I don't know where.

Dishonest, dishonest.

Dishonest is the opposite of honest.

If you are dishonest, you are lying about something and not being truthful about something.

So look at these words closely.

What do you notice about the letter formation? Pause the video now.

Okay, misplaced.

Let's have a look.

The first letter starts with a lead in from the baseline.

We have a descender letter, P, an ascender letter, L, and then we finish with a lead out with the letter E on the baseline.

Dishonest, lead in to start our first letter, D, which is also an ascender letter.

H is another ascender letter, and then we finish with a letter T, a letter towards the ascender line, and finishes with a lead out on the baseline.

So what do you need to think about when you're writing your letter strings with a prefix? The first letter has a lead in from the baseline.

The last letter has a lead out.

There will be a range of cursive letter joins used within the letter string, depending on which letters are in the word.

The prefix mis- is joined to the letter P using the first join.

The prefix dis- is joined to the letter H using the second join, so from the baseline up to towards the ascender line.

Remember, you don't lift your pencil until you have completed the letter string.

Let's practise writing words with the prefixes mis- and dis-.

We'll start by writing misplace.

So I'm going to make sure I'm sitting comfortably with my feet firmly on the ground and my pen in a tripod grip, and then I'm going to find the baseline that I want to start on, find my starting point, and then I'm going to be ready.

So I'm going to say ready, line, go.

I'm then starting with my lead in to form the letter M, then joining M to I, I to S, so baseline to X-height line.

S to P, down to the descender line.

P to L, up to the ascender line.

L to a baseline to X-height line.

A to C, baseline to X-height line.

And then C to E baseline to X-height line, finishing with our lead out from the baseline.

Then I'm going to go back and dot my I.

Great.

Now I'm going to write the word dishonest.

So again, finding my starting point on the baseline.

I'm ready to go, so ready, line, go.

Let's start by starting with my lead in to form the letter D.

D to I, joining I to S, baseline to X-height line.

S to H, baseline up towards the ascender line.

H to O.

O to N, joining just underneath the X-height line, dipping down.

N to E baseline to X-height line.

E to S, baseline to X-height line.

And then S to T, baseline up towards the ascender line, but not all the way.

Then I can go back and dot my I and cross my T.

Checking for understanding.

Select the correct join, A, B, or C.

Pause the video now and have a think.

The correct join is B, well done.

Couldn't be M because M, I and S don't go all the way up to the X-height line, which they're supposed to, and it couldn't be C because M and I are not joined using the correct first join.

Well done.

Now select the correct join for dis-.

Pause the video now.

That's right, it is C, well done.

It couldn't be A because there's no lead out at the end of the letter S, and it couldn't be B because D and I are not joined correctly and there's no lead out on the S.

Well done.

It's time for task C.

First, you'll practise writing the prefixes mis- and dis- using the starting point on your baseline, then you're going to practise writing the following words on your lines: misplace; misbehave; dishonest; and disagree.

I suggest you try to write each word at least three times.

Pause the video now.

Off you go.

Well done, everybody.

I hope you enjoyed that.

So have a look at what you've just written.

Did you use the correct joins within your letter string? Did you remember to start with a lead in? If you need to, you can pause the video now, using the examples on the screen to help you make any edits to what you've written already, or just have another go at writing the words.

Pause the video now.

Great job, everybody, well done.

Here's the fun part.

Read back through everything you've done in task C, circle your very best join, and then celebrate.

Great job.

Here's the summary of everything we've learned today.

A prefix is a letter or a group of letters added to the start of a word to change its meaning.

Un-, non-, mis-, dis- are examples of prefixes.

There are four joins used to connect letters together in cursive handwriting.

The join used depends on which letter is joining to which letter within a letter string.

Which join is used to connect the prefix to the root word depends on the letter after the prefix.

You only lift your pencil once the letter string is complete or there is a break letter within the letter string.

Well done today and across this whole unit.

You've all worked so hard, and you should be really proud of yourself.

Great job.