Lesson video

Hello everyone, my name's Mrs. Riley and I'm here today to learn some grammar with you.

In today's lesson, we're going to be looking at different tenses called the progressive and the perfect tense.

Some of what we're learning today, you might already know, but it's good to practise lots and lots.

So let's get started.

The outcome of today's lesson is to write sentences in the progressive present tense, or the perfect present tense.

These are our key words for today's lesson.

So I would like you to say each one after me.

My turn, your turn.

Are you ready? Progressive tense, perfect tense, auxiliary verb, infinitive.

Well done, let's go through what these words mean.

So the progressive tense is a tense that denotes ongoing action and uses an auxiliary verb based on to be.

So it's ongoing action and uses an auxiliary, which is a helping verb.

The perfect tense is made also using an auxiliary verb that this time based on the infinitive to have and a past tense form of the main verb.

So both tenses, progressive, and perfect use an auxiliary verb and a main verb.

An auxiliary verb is the helping verb that is always paired with the main verb.

And the infinitive is any verb proceeded by the word to.

So to wave, to look, to smile, all of those would be the infinitive.

So here's what we're going to cover today.

We have three learning cycles.

First, we're gonna look at auxiliary verbs, those helping verbs.

Then we're gonna look at writing sentences in the progressive present tense, and then writing sentence in the perfect present tense.

So let's get started with our first learning cycle, auxiliary verbs.

So let's remind ourselves that a verb is a doing, being, or having word.

I'm gonna take that away.

Have one last look.

A verb is a what? Well done, a doing, being or having word.

Let's see, that phase in action.

Spread the butter on the toast.

Spread is a doing verb.

It's an action, it's something I can do.

The next sentence is, the back wheel has a puncture.

Hmm, now where's the verb in this sentence? The wheel is a noun and it's a naming word of a thing.

And a puncture is also a thing.

So this verb is has, it's a having verb.

The clock is broken.

Clock is a noun, it's a naming word for a thing.

And broken is an adjective to describe it.

So here the verb is, is.

It's a being verb.

And finally, the flowers were beautiful.

Were is also a being verb.

So we can see there's some different examples of doing, having and being verbs.

All of these verbs are the main verb in each of these ideas.

There are no auxiliary helping verbs.

These are just the main verbs in these sentences.

Let's check what we've just learned.

What is the verb in this sentence? Jun and Alex planted some seeds in the soil.

Is it A, planted, B, some, C, seeds or D, in.

Pause the video while you think of your answer.

Well done, the correct answer is A, planted.

It's a doing verb.

It's an action.

So verbs can be linked to different people or groups.

And we call this, the person the verb is written or spoken in.

Let's see what this means.

I play tennis.

We play tennis.

This is called the first person.

It's talking from your own perspective.

I'm learning grammar.

We are learning grammar.

You play tennis is in the second person, talking to a person or a group of people.

You are sitting up nice and straight.

I'm talking to you, that's the second person.

And finally we have, she plays tennis, he plays tennis, they play tennis.

These are written in the third person.

This is when we're talking about a person, a thing, or a group of people.

And you might notice here that whereas the main verb in all of these examples has been play, I play, we play, you play.

Here, we say she plays and he plays.

Just in a singular third person.

So that's just something we need to watch out for.

Sometimes the person is not so easy to spot.

Sofia and I sing in a choir.

Hmm, so who's that about? Sofia and I, it's still talking from my own perspective.

So this is like saying we, it's in the first person.

All of you sing in a choir here.

You might have spotted that word, you.

So this is in the second person.

Alex and Jun sang in a choir.

Sam sings in a choir.

Year six all sing in a choir.

These are all written in the third person, they, she.

Let's check what we've just learned.

I would like you to match the sentence to the person it is written in.

Here are the sentences.

You are sitting nicely.

Jun and I ate all the biscuits.

Sophia slept all afternoon.

So which is in the first, second and third person.

Could you pause the video while you match those up, now.

Well done, the correct answers are you are sitting nicely is in the second person.

I'm talking to you.

Jun and I ate all the biscuits.

That's like saying we, so that's written in the first person.

It's from my own perspective.

And Sophia slept all afternoon.

Sophia is like saying she, so that's in the third person.

Well done, if you spotted those.

Having verbs come from the infinitive to have.

The having verb can be the main verb in a sentence.

Let's look at some examples.

I have a pet cat.

They have solar panels on their roof.

Do we have any felt tips? The hotel doesn't have any spare rooms. Quickly pause the video and see if you can point at the having verb in each sentence.

Off you go.

Well done, so we've got, I have a pet cat, they have solar panels, do we have any felt tips? And the hotel doesn't have any spare rooms. There is only one verb in these sentences and the verb is from the infinitive to have.

Let's take a look at these written out, so in the present tense.

So we've got, I have, you have, she, he or it has, there's that different one, we have, you have, they have.

So it's always have, but when it's singular third person, she, he or it, it's has.

In the past tense, that means it's happened, I had, you had, she, he, or it had, we had, you had, they had.

Oh, that's nice and easy.

They're all had.

And in the future tense I will have, you will have, she, he or it will have, we will have, you will have, and they will have.

That's nice and easy as well.

So it's only that present tense, third person singular he, she, or it has, that we need to be a bit mindful of.

Okay, so which of the following is incorrect? A, the witch has a pointy hat.

B, you has a very nice smile.

Or C, the party bags had lots of sweets in them.

Pause the video while you identify the incorrect sentence.

Well done, the incorrect sentence is B, you has a very nice smile.

We would say she has a very nice smile, but you have a nice smile.

Could you fill in the table with the correct form of the having verb? So we've got the simple past tense.

I or we had, you had, he, she, or it mm.

So I think I had lunch yesterday.

He mm lunch yesterday.

The simple present happening now.

I, we have, you have, he, she, or it mm.

Simple future, I or we mm.

You will have he, she, or it will have.

So you are just trying to fill in the blanks.

Perhaps you could just pause the video and say out loud what the blanks in that table should be.

Off you go.

Well done, so he, she or, it had lunch yesterday.

In the present tense, it would be, he, she, or it has.

And in the simple future it's always will have.

I or we will have.

Well done.

Okay, so we've looked at the auxiliary verb from to have, and now we're looking at the auxiliary verbs from the infinitive to be, okay? So we just looked at actually the verb to have though not as auxiliary verbs but as main verbs in the sentence.

Now we're going to look at the verbs from the infinitive to be as the main verb in the sentence.

I am hungry.

You are four years old.

The post office is at the end of the street.

Are you alright? So here are our versions of the verb to be, am, are, is, and are.

These are all being verbs.

They are the main verbs in each sentence.

There is only one verb.

Let's take a look like we did before now at the present, past and future tense versions of these.

So we've got I am, you are, he, she, or it is, again, there's that tricky third person singular one that we've got to remember.

We are, you are, and they are.

We've got I was, you were, he, she, or it was, we were, you were, and they were.

So we've got a different variety of ones there.

And we've got, I will be, you will be, he, she, or it will be, we will be, you will be, and they will be.

So they're all the same.

They're nice and easy to remember.

This seems like a lot.

But actually you would probably just be able to hear what sounds right.

For example, if I said, "I were feeling poorly yesterday".

You hopefully would stay, "Hmm, I think Mrs. Riley, you should say, I was feeling poorly yesterday." So could you fill in the gap in this sentence? The dragon mm inside the cave.

The dragon are inside the cave.

The dragon is inside the cave.

Or the dragon has inside the cave.

Pause the video now.

Well done, the correct answer is, the dragon is inside the cave.

B is the correct answer.

Which of the following is incorrect? A, she was brilliant in the concert.

B, you was very kind today.

C, they were always very helpful.

Pause the video now Well done, the correct answer is B.

You was very kind today doesn't sound right.

It should be, you were very kind today.

Well done if you spotted that.

So having verbs and being verbs, we've looked at them as main verbs, but they can also be used as those auxiliary verbs, those helping verbs, to help a main verb.

I have made a wish.

They had started the race.

She was wondering where she was.

We will be watching the game later.

Now you might notice something here.

We've got those verbs from the infinitive to have and to be.

But we've also got main verbs.

So here they are, I have, there's the having verb.

Had started, there's the having verb.

She was, there's the being verb and we will be, there's the being verb.

But this time these are acting as auxiliary verbs, helping verbs.

And the reason is, is because there is another verb in that sentence, the main verb.

Here are the main verbs; made, started, wondering, and watching.

So we can see how they help each other.

I have made a wish.

They had started.

She was wondering.

We will be watching.

They go together, they're like a pair, but we've got one auxiliary verb and one main verb now.

Could you identify the auxiliary verb in each sentence? A, they will be learning a new song this week.

B, she has won the race.

C, I'm playing with my sister.

Pause the video now.

Well done, so the correct answers are will be, is a being verb, has is a having verb, am is a being verb.

These are all auxiliary verbs in each sentence.

And now I'd like you to identify the main verb in each sentence.

Pause the video now.

Well done, the main verbs are learning, won, and playing.

So they are next to the auxiliary verbs, the helping verbs, but these ones are the main verb in each sentence.

What do you notice about them, learning, won, and playing? What kind of verbs are they? Well done, they're all doing verbs.

So it's time for your first task for today.

I would like you to circle the being or having verb in each sentence.

Then I'd like you to decide if the being or having verbs are the main verb and if it's, you can write MV for main verb.

Or the auxiliary verb, which you can write AV.

So first you're gonna circle the being or having verb.

And then you're going to write MV if you think it's the main verb, the only verb in the sentence or AV, if you think it's the auxiliary or the helping verb in each sentence.

Here are the sentences.

They are late.

I was feeling shy.

We have tidied the playroom.

It will be great! She has black hair.

So circling first and then writing AV or MV on the line.

Pause the video now and good luck.

Well done, let's go through the answers.

So they are late, are is the verb, it's a being verb and it's the main verb in the sentence.

There's only one.

I was feeling shy, was is the verb, but this time it's the auxiliary verb because feeling is the main verb.

We have tidies the playroom, have is the verb, from the verb to have, but tidied is the main verb.

So this is an auxiliary verb as well.

It will be great! Hmm, now great's an adjectives, so that's not a verb.

So that means will be, is the main verb in this sentence.

And she has black hair, again, black is an adjective to describe the noun, which is the hair.

So has is the main verb in this sentence too.

Well done for giving that a go.

Okay, so we've looked at those auxiliary verbs from to have and to be.

And now we're going to look at writing sentences in the progressive present tense.

Listen to these sentences.

Quickly, first though, let's have a quick shuffle 'cause we've learned a lot there about auxiliary verbs.

Maybe have a little wiggle of your arms. Maybe sit up straight.

Okay, listening now.

I am working hard.

We are waiting for the bus.

She is climbing a tree.

What verbs can you see in these sentences? Maybe do some pointing.

Can I see people pointing? Well done, I can see some pointing going on.

Well you may have noticed there are two verbs in each of these sentences.

We've got am, are, and is, they're the auxiliary verbs.

Working, waiting, and climbing, they're the main verbs.

These sentences are written in the progressive tense.

It's a tense that uses an auxiliary verb from the infinitive to be paired with the main verb.

So in the first example, am is from the infinitive to be and working is the main verb.

They're paired together.

We use a progressive tense to tell us an action is ongoing.

These actions are continuing, which is why I sometimes do a sort of wave action.

I am working hard.

We are waiting for the bus.

She's climbing a tree.

All of these sentences you can see that they are ongoing.

I am working hard.

It's still happening, it hasn't finished yet.

So the progressive tense, A, can tell us an action is ongoing.

B, tells us the action has definitely finished.

C, does not use an auxiliary verb.

D, uses an auxiliary verb from the infinitive to be.

Could you pause the video while you work out your answer? Off you go.

Well done, the correct answers are the progressive tense can tell us an action is ongoing and uses an auxiliary verb from the infinitive to be.

Let's listen to some more sentences.

She is jumping on the trampoline.

The car was driving too fast.

They'll be staying late tonight.

He was trying his hardest.

We are doing yoga.

It is creeping through the hole.

So perhaps you could pause the video and see if you can spot the auxiliary verb from to be and the main verb in each sentence.

Off you go.

Well done, we've got is jumping, was driving, will be staying, was trying, are doing, is creeping.

So we can see there we've got is, was, will be, was, are, and is.

They're all our auxiliary verbs.

And jumping, driving, staying, trying, doing, and creeping are all the main verbs.

What do you notice about those main verbs? Can you spot a pattern? Let me say them again.

Jumping, driving, staying, trying, doing, creeping.

Well done, can you shout out to me? Yeah, you're right, they all end with the suffix ing.

Suffix is a letter or group of letters at the end of a word.

And they all end in ing.

There are three progressive tenses.

The progressive past, the progressive present, and the progressive future.

The auxiliary verb changes in each progressive tense.

The main verb in always ends with ing.

I was learning.

I am learning.

I will be learning.

We can see here that the auxiliary verb based on to be is, was, am, and will be.

That's what changes.

But we can see that learning is always staying the same.

This is the progressive past, progressive present, and progressive future.

Which of the following sentences are written in the progressive tense? A, I am excited to swim.

B, they are splashing me.

C, we were swimming in the sea.

And D, the sea is calm.

Pause the video now.

Remember you are looking for an auxiliary verb from to be and a main verb ending in ing.

Well done, the correct answer is, they are splashing me and there's two, we were swimming in the sea.

We can see are and were, which is from the infinitive to be.

And we've got splashing and swimming is the main verb ending in the suffix ing.

Okay, it's my turn to do an activity.

And then you're gonna repeat it.

So we need to, or first I need to identify the simple present tense verb in each sentence, I'm looking for verb.

And then I need to change it to the progressive present tense.

The cat sleeps on the wall.

Hmm, I'm looking for the verb.

The cat sleeps on the wall.

Don't shout out, I know you know the answer.

This is my turn.

The cat or I think it's sleeps.

Hmm, so I think the next one, the sun rises in the east.

I think that's going to be rises.

And she reads a book in the library.

The doing verb I think there is reads.

So I've first identified the simple present tense verb, and now I'm going to try to change it into the progressive present tense.

The cat sleeps on the wall.

So I need an auxiliary verb from the infinitive to be, the cat is sleeping.

Ah, the cat is sleeping on the wall.

Okay, so the sun rises.

So rises is going to become rising.

The sun rising in the east.

Ah, the sun is rising.

I nearly forgot that auxiliary verb.

The sun is rising in the east.

She reads a book, it's gonna be she reading a book, but I need to remember the auxiliary verb.

She is reading a book in the library or I forgot a book in that one.

She is reading a book in the library.

Okay, are you ready? It's your turn.

So just as I did, you are gonna start by finding the present simple, present tense verb.

And then you're going to change it to that ing version, the progressive present tense.

Remembering the auxiliary verb as well.

Here are your sentences.

We play football after school.

The lambs drink milk.

Jun and Alex enjoy art.

Pause the video while you have a go at this activity.

Well done, so the correct answers are play, drink, and enjoy with the verbs that hopefully you spotted and hopefully you change them to, are playing football, the lambs are drinking milk, Jun and Alex are enjoying art.

Well done for giving that go.

So it's now time for your task for this second learning cycle.

You are going to write a sentence in the progressive present tense about this picture.

Have a look what's happening.

What's going on? Where do you think these girls are? What are they doing? How are they feeling? Here's our progressive present tense list checklist.

You need an auxiliary verb, which is a being verb.

You need a main verb ending in ing or ING.

The auxiliary verb will tell us the tense.

So this was going to be in the progressive present.

So it's happening now.

And remember the action is ongoing, it hasn't finished.

Okay, so could you now have a look at that picture? Think about a sentence you could say in the progressive present tense.

Remember it should have a main verb with ing at the end of it.

Okay, good luck.

Off you go.

Well done, let's go through some examples.

The girls are reading a book.

The girl is pointing at the picture.

The girls are lying on the ground.

The girls are in the library.

Hmm, I'm not sure about that one.

Let's go through each one.

So we've got are reading, is pointing, are lying.

In each one we've got the auxiliary verb from the infinitive to be and the main verb ending in ing.

They're in the present progressive because it's happening now.

It's not the girls were reading or the girls will be reading.

It's the girls are reading.

But this last one, the girls are in the library.

Now in that sentence, are is the main verb.

There is no other verb, so it's not an auxiliary verb there.

So that one actually isn't quite right.

Well done if you spotted my mistake.

Okay, time for our third learning cycle.

And now we're looking at writing sentences in that perfect present tense.

We just looked at the progressive, now we're looking at the perfect.

Listen to these sentences.

Quickly have a quick jiggle again, maybe a quick wiggle of your arms. Maybe a quick breath in and out.

Here we go, listening now.

I have made some paper chains.

They have been on a walk.

He has finished his drawing.

What verbs can you see in these sentences? Pause the video and look for some verbs, off you go.

Well done, so we've got have, have, and has.

They're all from the infinitive to have, but we've also got made, been, and finished.

Ah, okay, so again, we've got a pair of verbs helping each other here, but this time we've not got the verb, the auxiliary verbs aren't from the infinitive to be, they're from to have.

These sentences are written in the perfect present tense.

The perfect tense is a tense that uses an auxiliary verb from the infinitive to have paired with the main verb.

We use the perfect present tense to show that something started in the past and it's still relevant or connected to the present.

So the progressive was to show it was ongoing and this is to show that something started in the past, but is still relevant to right now.

For example, if I just said I spoke French and English when I was younger, in the simple past, that implies that it's happened and it's just completely finished and it's not relevant anymore.

But if I use the perfect present tense, I have spoken French and English since I was a baby.

It's showing me that this is something that has happened, it's completed, but it's still relevant.

If I spoke French and English when I was younger or a baby, I still probably can speak French and English now.

So it's relevant or connected to the present moment.

The perfect tense, A, tells us an action that's started in the past and is still relevant or connected to the present.

B, tells us the action has definitely finished.

C, tells us the action is happening right now.

Pause the video while you tell me the correct answer.

Well done, the correct answer is A, the perfect tense tells us an action started in the past, but is still relevant or connected to the present.

Let's listen to some more perfect present tense sentences.

She has eaten her pudding.

The monkey has jumped off the branch.

They've been friends for years.

He has spent all his money.

We have reached the top.

The computer has broken.

Has eaten, there's the auxiliary verb from the verb infinitive to have, and eaten is the main verb.

Can you pause the video and see if you can spot the others? Off you go.

Well done, we've got, has jumped, have been, has spent, have reached, has broken.

What do you notice about the main verb in each sentence? Eaten, jumped, been, spent, reached and broken.

They don't all end in ing like with the progressive tense, but you may notice that they are all in the past tense.

Which of the following sentences are written in the perfect present tense? A, I have climbed up the ladder.

B, they have found us.

C, we hid from them.

Pause the video now Well done, A and B are both written in the perfect present tense.

We've got the auxiliary verb from the infinitive to have, have climbed, have found, with the main verb climbed and found.

In the last example we hid from them.

Hid is the only verb.

So it's a main verb.

It's just in the simple past tense.

If we wanted to change that into the perfect present, we'd have to say we have hidden from them.

So just as before, we're going to look or identify for the simple present tense verb.

And then we're going to change it to the perfect present tense.

The cat sleeps on the wall, the sun rises in the east.

She reads a book in the library.

They're the same sentences in the previous activity.

So remember it's my turn first.

I know you can do this, but let's just watch me doing it first and then it's your turn.

So just as before, my simple present tense verbs are sleeps, rises, and reads.

But this time I'm not doing, the cat is sleeping, which is the progressive, I'm doing the cat has slept on the wall.

The sun has risen in the east.

She has read a book.

Okay, so it's now your turn.

Here are your sentences; we play football.

The lambs drink milk.

Jun and Alex enjoy art.

Remember, you should have an auxiliary verb from the infinitive to have and a past tense verb.

And sometimes that past tense verb, it changes a little bit.

So you need to just be wary of it.

For example, you would say, "I drank all my milk", but I might say, "I have drunk all my milk".

So sometimes you just need to be a bit wary of that past tense verb and just listen to what sounds right.

Pause the video now.

Off you go.

Well done, so we should have, we play football.

First of all, sorry, go through the verbs.

We've got play, drink, and enjoy.

They're the main verbs.

So hopefully you've got; we have played, the lambs have drunk and Jun and Alex have enjoyed.

Well done, if you've got those right.

So it's now time to write a sentence in the perfect present tense about this picture.

We have got here a lion, which is a mammal, it's a predator.

I think I'd be pretty scared of one if one walked into the room right now.

So let's just go through our perfect present tense checklist.

We need to have an auxiliary verb, a helping verb.

And this time it's not from to be, it's from to have.

We need a main verb and it needs to be in the past tense.

And we need to have the auxiliary verb needs to tell us the tense.

Now this is in the perfect present tense.

So it's not going to be the lion had or the lion will have.

It's going to be the lion has, and then the past tense verb.

Remember the action has already happened when we are using the perfect tense, but it's relevant or connected to now.

So think of your sentence, maybe say it out loud a few times before you write it down.

And then maybe you might want to just go back through that checklist to check it's got everything you need.

So look at the picture, what's happening here? It's a bit gruesome.

Good luck writing your sentence.

Off you go.

Well done, let's look at some examples.

The lion has caught its prey.

The mammal has fed himself.

The majestic animal has eaten.

The lion has devoured his meal.

The lion has sharp teeth.

Hmm, I'm not sure about that end one again.

Let's look at the others.

So we've got, the lion has caught, has is my auxiliary verb from the infinite to have, caught as my past tense main verb.

Has fed, has eaten, has devoured.

But the last one we've just got has sharp teeth.

Sharp is an adjective to describe the noun teeth.

So this one actually is not in the perfect present tense.

It's just in the simple present tense.

The lion has sharp teeth.

There's no auxiliary and main verb.

It's just one verb in that sentence.

So that's not in the perfect present tense, but the others all are.

Well done for giving that activity ago.

It was our last task for today, and you've done so well.

So here's what we've learned today.

We've learned that the verb, which is a being, having, or doing word, carries the tense of a sentence.

It tells us when it happened.

The progressive and perfect tense can denote present, past, or future action.

The progressive tense uses an auxiliary verb from the infinitive to be with a main verb ending in ing or ING.

The perfect tense uses an auxiliary verb from the infinitive to have, with a past tense main verb.

The perfect tense often refers to completed action that still relates to the present.

The progressive tense tells us of an action over a period of time that is ongoing.

So well done for all your hard work, you have done extremely well because that was a lot of information.

Perhaps this week while you are reading, you could see if you could spot any sentences written in the progressive or perfect tense.

Hopefully I'll see you for some more learning again soon, bye.