Hello there.

My name is Mr. Wilshire.

And in this lesson we're going to be looking at the properties of materials.

The outcome for this lesson is, I can compare and group together materials based on their simple properties, rigidity, transparency, electric conductivity, and magnetism.

There are some key keywords to remember throughout this lesson.

The first is material, then physical properties, after that is transparent, then electrical conductor, and finally magnetic.

Don't worry if you're not too sure what some of these words mean.

You can pause the video now and have a read of some of these definitions.

Then you can recap.

Pause the video now and have a read.

Restart when you've done that.

The first part of this lesson is called the physical properties of materials.

Our world is made of different materials.

It's full of them.

You don't just sit in one room made of one simple piece of material, do you? So I wonder if you can explain to a partner what we mean by materials? Pause the video here and discuss.

Restart when you've done that.

Now, a material is the substance from which something is made.

Different objects can be made from different materials like these different things here.

First up is a bin.

Then there's a chair.

After that is another chair, a statue and a vase.

Each of these items are useful in their own way or they're just something nice to look at, but each of them is also made of a different type of material.

The first is made of plastic.

It's a plastic bin.

I think the majority of bins across the country are made out of plastic.

Then there's a chair.

Well, there's two types of chairs.

There's a wooden chair and a metal chair.

Both of them are useful.

Both of them would last a while to sit on.

And both of them are made of different materials.

Finally, there's the stone statue and the clay vase.

Similar sorts of things.

These are something nice to look at, although one is slightly more useful than the other.

They're both made out of different materials.

So, what materials can you see around you now? If I look around where I am now, I can see there's the wall.

I know there's bricks made behind there.

I can see the screen in front of me that's made of plastic and glass.

What about you? What can you see around you? Pause the video now and have a think.

So, I wonder what types of materials you had around you.

Maybe you are in a different kind of room to me and there's not bricks making up your walls, but maybe there's metal instead.

Who knows? Now here's Jacob and he says, well, where I am, I can see a table made of wood.

Izzy says that she could see a window made of glass.

And Sofia says that she can see a ruler made of plastic.

All of these items are made of materials with specific properties that make them good for that particular use.

Let's stop and think.

What are materials? Read the statements and have a think.

The correct answer here is B.

Materials are the substances that objects are made from, such as plastic or clay.

Now, different materials have got different physical properties.

What do we mean by that? What do we mean by physical properties of the material? Pause the video here and have a think.

Well, the physical properties of material are the features that can be observed or measured.

So here for example, is wood.

Have a little look at that picture there and think what physical properties of this wood can you observe or measure? Here, for example, is an image of some wood.

There's lots of different logs all piled up on top of each other there.

So have a think.

What physical properties of this wood could you observe or measure and what other physical properties do you know? Have a little think.

Pause the video.

Restart when you've done that.

Well done.

Let's have a little think about wood, then.

Wood is very hard.

That's one of the properties of it.

Although if you were to shave it down, it can be quite flexible, can't it? But usually when you think of something that's made out of wood, you know that it is very, very hard.

It's a solid kind of material, isn't it? I know as well that there are different layers to the wood, so I can see there that the log rings are covered in bark, aren't they? You can peel off the bark and you can use that for different things as well.

What else do we mean by physical properties, though? What other physical properties did you think of? Let's move on and find out some more.

Well, the children here are talking about physical properties.

Sofia says, I know that some materials are rigid and some are flexible.

Oh, a little bit like the the wood there.

That's gonna make a very rigid table.

Table wouldn't be very good if it was flexible and bendy, would it? Izzy says, some materials are transparent, opaque, or translucent.

Oh yeah, you can't really see through the piece of wood there, can you? And Jacob says, some materials are electrical conductors, others are electrical insulators.

Of course.

Hmm.

I don't know if wood is a very good conductor.

Much more an insulator.

Can you think of any others? Pause the video here and have a think.

Well done for thinking.

Now, there's lots of different material properties that we could think of here, but let's have a look at the next slide and find out some more.

So, here on this slide we have lots of different words.

All of these can explain a physical property of a different material.

Jacob says that the words are all familiar, but I don't really know what they all mean.

So I wonder if you know now.

Have a think.

Maybe you thought of these ones already so you already know what they mean.

Are there some there that you're not too sure of? Have a think here and pause the video.

Restart when you've done that.

Which words did you choose then to have a extra think about? What about the word smooth? Smooth means that you can run your hand along it.

There's no bumps and there's nothing to scratch you.

Flexible, maybe a piece of material for a trampoline would be very flexible, then.

It needs to be able to flex to enable you to bounce higher into the air.

And waterproof there, as well.

Being waterproof is very, very useful, especially if you have to go out hiking somewhere in the rain, maybe not so good if you're trying to relax in the sunshine on the beach.

Let's pause and think.

The blank of a material are the features that can be observed or measured.

Choose an answer.

Which one fits best? The correct answer here is C, the physical properties of the material are the features that can be observed or measured.

Now, scientists test materials to investigate their physical properties.

The children want to investigate the properties of different materials.

Here you can see an image of some scientists investigating.

Now, the children choose four different physical properties and they decide to test whether each material is rigid, transparent, an electrical conductor, and magnetic.

Now there's lots of other physical properties you could choose from as well, but these are the four that the children chose.

How are they going to do this? How are they going to test whether each material is each of those things? Pause the video and think.

What ideas did you come up with? Hopefully they were a little bit along the lines of this.

Jacob says, we could test whether a material is rigid by observing whether it can be easily bent or twisted out of shape.

Here you can see someone twisting something there.

Izzy says, or we could test whether a material is transparent by shining a torch at it and observing whether you can see clearly through it.

That's a good idea as well, isn't it? You would know if it was transparent if the light would be coming through.

So what were your ideas then? Did you have any others? Have these given you any extra ideas? Stop and think.

So, I wonder if you have any other ideas.

Keep thinking on them while we progress to the next slide.

Sofia here says, well, we could test if a material is an electrical conductor by putting it within a simple circuit and observing whether a bulb still lights up.

That's a very good idea as well.

And Jun here says we could test if a material is magnetic by observing if it's attracted to a magnet.

Brilliant.

I wonder if you have any ideas.

Have any of those ideas given you an extra brainwave? Stop and think now.

Hopefully you've been able to expand some of your extra ideas there.

I wonder how else you've chosen to do this task.

Let's stop and think.

Which of these describes materials which are able to soak up liquids? The correct answer is absorbent.

Something needs to be absorbent to soak it up.

Which of these describes the materials which are attracted to magnets? The correct answer here is magnetic.

Something will need to be magnetic to attract or repel.

So this brings us onto our very first task.

You need to, first of all, generate a list of physical properties and write each of them down on sticky notes.

You can then pair up any sticky notes which show the opposite physical properties.

Are there any that you found with no pair? And then think of a word or a phrase for the missing pairs.

There's a second part to this task.

So have a go at this first, and we'll move on to the next one.

Best of luck.

How did you get on? Hopefully some of your answers will look a little bit similar to this, but they might be different, though.

I wonder if you came up with some of these or maybe some other physical properties.

Now, here you can see that the children have said, we didn't know a word meaning the opposite of magnetic, so we wrote non-magnetic.

That's a good idea as well.

Fantastic.

So that's a new one that they've written down there as well.

We've got the two opposites there.

We've got flexible versus rigid, smooth and rough, absorbent and waterproof, shiny and dull, transparent and opaque, magnetic and non-magnetic.

Fantastic.

So, here's part two.

Now, it's your chance to test.

Test the materials provided for you to find out whether they are rigid, transparent, electrical conductors, or magnetic.

Before you begin though, make sure that you write down a prediction about the physical properties of each of the materials.

You need to record your predictions and your results in a table.

Here is an example.

Your table could look like this.

You can use this one or you can make your own.

Best of luck with that task.

See you in a moment.

How did you get on? Well, some of your results may look similar to this, so let's just have a quick look through some of them.

The glass, the jam jar, they predicted that it was gonna be rigid and it was transparent as well.

They got all of that correct.

However, the cling film, they thought it would be rigid because sometimes when you wrap something up it seems quite tight, doesn't it? But I think that's mainly because of the item that's inside.

The aluminium foil is not transparent, definitely not.

And the metal, which is a steel paperclip, was rigid and it wasn't transparent.

The wooden spoon, however, also wasn't transparent.

The second part of the table here is showing that cling film definitely doesn't conduct electricity and is definitely not magnetic.

And the metal paperclip is magnetic and does conduct electricity.

I wonder if some of your results were similar to these or if you found out anything different.

Well done for completing that task.

The final part of this lesson is called grouping materials.

Now, the children have completed their tests to explore the physical properties of different materials.

They're going to use their results now to classify the materials based on their properties.

Scientists use the results of their tests to compare and group materials on the basis of their physical properties.

Why do you think they do this? Pause the video now and think.

Why do you think they do this then? Well, scientists classify and group materials because it helps them identify patterns, generate predictions, organise large numbers of items into small groups, which are easier to study.

Here, for example, you can see some rocks all grouped by permeability.

That means having water being able to soak through them.

Now Izzy decides to choose one physical property and groups the materials based on that property.

Here she is and she says, I'll group them according to whether or not they are magnetic.

Here are Izzy's results.

She's written them down just to focus on the magnetic and the non-magnetic parts.

Her results say that the paper clip is magnetic and the rest of them are non-magnetic.

I wonder if you could spot any problems with Izzy's results, though.

Have a look at them and have a think.

Restart when you've done that.

So what problems did you spot? Let's see if we can find out more.

Ah, Jacob has the answer here.

When you think of the properties of materials, you need to remember to name the material, not just the object.

Of course, don't really know if the paperclip is going to be metal.

You can get plastic ones as well.

So Izzy improves her list by naming each material and putting the object name in brackets.

Brackets are a good way to separate your writing up, especially when you're taking notes.

So, the paperclip is metal, the cling film is plastic, the cup was glass, the toy was made out of wood, and the aluminium foil is metal.

Fantastic.

Now that's much clearer.

So let's stop and think.

Which part of a test would scientists use to compare and group materials? The correct answer here is B, the results.

Which of these would be the most useful thing for scientists to consider about materials when deciding how to compare and group them? Did you get it right? It was D, their physical properties.

That brings us on to task B.

Use the results from task A to group your materials based on the four properties you've tested.

Rigid, transparent, conducts electricity, and magnetic.

So, look through your results and don't forget, you need to specify what each item is made of, just in case you've forgotten.

Best of luck with that task.

Restart the video when you've done that.

How did you get on? Were you able to group all your materials based on the four properties? Well, here are some examples.

Yours might be different if you used some slightly different materials depending on what you had available.

There's rigid, so the rigid items was the paper clip, the cup, and the toy.

The flexible ones were cling film and the foil.

Transparent items was the cling film and the cup.

And the opaque items was the foil, the paperclip, and the toy.

Next up, the magnetic items. Well, there was only one magnetic item.

It was the paperclip.

And something that conducts electricity is the paperclip and the aluminium foil.

The other items definitely did not.

Your results might be slightly different or maybe you used some different materials.

So, you are going to have a table that looks a little bit different to this.

That's okay, though.

Well done for completing this task.

Let's summarise our lesson.

A material is a substance from which something is made.

Different materials have different physical properties.

The physical properties of the material are the features that can be observed or measured.

Scientists test materials to investigate their physical properties.

Scientists use the results of their tests to compare and group materials on the basis of their physical properties.

Well done for completing those two tasks and having a look through the physical properties of different materials.

It's really important to know and understand what different materials can do, especially if you were in an emergency situation, for example, you would definitely want something that did not conduct electricity just in case there was something wrong with the electricity and that's why there's an emergency.

Hopefully you'll go on to use some of this knowledge in some of your future lessons or maybe even your future job.

Best of luck.

I've been Mr. Wilshire.

Thank you very much for listening.