Hello, scientists, my name is Mr. Wilshire.

And in this lesson we are going to be looking at recovering insoluble solids.

The outcome for this lesson is I can describe how to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.

As always, there are some key words for us to consider as we work our way through this lesson.

The first is dissolve.

After that, it's insoluble.

Then it's separate, and next it's sieve.

Finally, filter.

Don't worry if you're not too sure what some of these words mean.

You can pause the video here and have a quick look through the different definitions.

If you need to, you can pause the video before continuing.

So pause the video now and continue when you're ready.

The first section for this lesson is called using filters.

Jun and Sofia have been learning about mixing solids and liquids.

Jun says, "Salt is soluble in water because it dissolves in water." Sofia says, "Sand is not soluble in water because it doesn't dissolve in it." Hmm.

Have you ever seen these two items dissolving or not dissolving before? Going to the seaside is one such example, isn't it? You can see that the sea has lots of salt in it.

You can certainly taste it when you're in there, but the sand still remains, doesn't it? So what do you call a material which is not soluble in a liquid? Can you remember the word? Have a think and discuss.

Restart when you've done that.

Well done for discussing.

Were you able to remember that word that you call a material which is not soluble in a liquid? Some solids do not dissolve in a liquid and these are called insoluble.

Can you name any materials which are insoluble water? Have a good think.

What kind of materials do you see out in the water, maybe on a lake or even in the sea? Have a quick think and discuss.

Restart the video when you've done that.

So what kind of materials are insoluble in water? Well, Jun says, "I know that peas aren't insoluble in water because we cook them in water.

" They don't dissolve there, do they? Of course, yeah, you boil water, you put peas inside, and then they stay the same, don't they? Although they do cook, especially if it's boiling water.

So peas, are they insoluble? How can you separate peas from the water that they're cooked in? Hmm, that's a good question.

How can you separate these two items? Is there a particular device that we use? Discuss.

So how do we separate the peas from the water? We know that they're insoluble.

They haven't dissolved.

So how do we get the water out? Jun says, "We pour the mixture of peas and water through a sieve over a sink." The peas stay in the sieve and the water trickles through the holes in the sieve and into the sink.

Here, you can see an example of someone separating peas using a sieve.

Now a sieve has got lots of very, very small holes in, small enough to enable the water to flow through, but also not large enough to allow a pea to get through.

The sieve is a tool that's used for separating solids from liquids or basically larger pieces of something from smaller pieces.

Sofia says, "My big sister said that a sieve is a type of filter, but I'm not sure what that means." Did it mean a filter on a device? Like, if you were taking a photograph, you would put a filter over a picture, is that what they mean? Do you know what a filter is in this sense? Am I correct? Discuss.

Well done.

We certainly weren't talking about filters on phones and cameras.

In this way, we were looking at how a sieve can be a tool for separating solids from liquids.

So a filter is a device used to remove unwanted parts from something else.

For example, removing solid parts from a liquid, especially if they're insoluble.

Sofia says, "Oh, I understand now.

A sieve is a type of filter that can be used to separate the larger solids from a liquid when they've not dissolved." Here, you can see some soil in a filter and it's leading through to a bottle there.

If you were to pour water through this, the filter, the filter paper that's in the top there would allow the water through and it would drip through into the bottle.

The soil would remain at the top.

I wonder if the liquid, as it's passing through the soil, would change its colour though.

So when we filter, we can pour a mixture of liquid and solid through a fine mesh to separate the solid particles from the liquid.

Can you remember I said about the sieve earlier? The sieve has tiny little holes.

Holes that you can kind of see with your eye, but you'd be able to see better with a microscope.

Those holes enable the liquid to pass through, but the peas to remain in place.

Thus, you're then able to separate them.

The solids get trapped in the filter and the liquid runs through the holes.

Just so you can see in this example here.

You can see a jug there with the black parts, they are the different solids.

The water is then tipped on top of the filter and it filtrates.

So the water passes through the filter paper and below, leaving the black parts on the top there.

Sofia then asks, "Is a sieve the only type of filter?" What do you think? Is she correct? Is it the only type of filter? Hmm, discuss.

So is a sieve the only type of filter? I wonder.

Generally, a filter is any material with tiny holes in it.

There are lots of different types of filter.

You may have seen some of these before.

Here are just some of them.

The first one is a colander there.

Now that looks like it's got some very large holes in it there, but that's because a colander is a device that's used for separating much larger solids.

For example, you can see some vegetables that have been separated.

So for example, the vegetables have been boiled.

They've been poured into the colander and the water was able to pass through the holes, leaving the solid inside the filter.

A tea strainer is another such example there.

You may have seen this on coffee as well.

So you put the tea.

If you don't have any tea bags, you would put the tea inside the tea strainer just like this.

You'd pour the hot water over the top of it and leave it to mix together.

But of course, you don't want the tea leaves to stay inside your drink.

That would make your tea very, very chewy and crunchy.

You wouldn't want that.

So you pull the filter out and that pulls all of the tea leaves out with it.

So this is a type of filter.

Again, it's allowing the liquid to pass through and leaving the solid on the top.

A sieve you might use if you're baking.

If you want to get some flour and make sure that it's nice and fine, you would put it through a sieve to remove any of the lumpy bits.

And finally, a paper face mask.

Did you know that this was a type of filter? So this stops different air particles getting through into our mouths or the other way round.

Different insoluble solids can be separated from a liquid or a gas using different types of filter.

As you can see, these are some examples.

Scientists use a special type of paper with tiny holes in it as a filter.

This is known as filter paper.

Here, you can see an example of filter paper.

You've seen this earlier in these slides where the soil was resting inside the filter and hovering over the top of a bottle.

It has to be used in a particular way though.

The first step here, it says to fold the paper in half twice to make a quarter circle.

The second step says partially, open it up to make a little cone shape.

A little bit like an ice cream.

Three, place a cone of paper inside a funnel and place a funnel over a beaker.

And four, pour a solution or mixture into the filter paper, taking care not to let it run outside the paper.

So by creating a cone, you're creating a much easier way to collect the water and the solid.

The liquid will collect in the beaker below and the solid stays in the filter paper in the funnel.

Stop and think.

What is an insoluble solid? Is it a solid which can absorb a liquid? Is it a solid which does not dissolve in a liquid? Is it a solid which dissolves in a liquid or is it a liquid that mixes with another liquid? The answer here is B.

An insoluble solid is a solid which does not dissolve in a liquid.

A sieve is a tool used for separating larger pieces of something from smaller pieces, adding solids to liquids, separating different types of liquids, or separating solids from liquids.

The correct answers here are A and D.

Sieve is a tool used for separating larger pieces of something from smaller pieces, AKA separating solids from liquids.

Here's your first task.

There's two different steps here.

Make your mixtures.

So you need to make some mixture using a tablespoon of the solid to 100 millilitres of water.

You're gonna stir it for a minute and then record whether the solid is soluble or not.

If it has dissolved or not, remember.

Step two, using filter paper and a funnel, try to separate the solids from the liquids.

Record which solids you can recover.

Remember, if some of those things has dissolved, then you might not be able to see them very well in the solution.

So have a go using that filter paper to see if anything comes out on top.

So using a filter, explore separating solids from liquids.

You've got to try to separate the solids and liquids using the filter paper here.

A says, fold the paper in half twice to make a quarter circle.

B, partially open it to make a cone shape for your ice cream.

C, set the cone of paper inside a funnel and place the funnel over a beaker.

And D, pull the solution or mixture into the filter paper, taking care not to let it run outside the paper.

Then record which solids you can recover.

You may wish to record this in a table just to help you with your findings.

Best of luck trying to separate in the solids from the liquids.

Restart the video when you've done that.

How did you get on? You could have recorded results in a table like this.

There are some soluble examples here like sugar and salt and insoluble like sand, cornflour, margarine, mustard powder, biscuit, flour, and pepper.

You may have tested some different solids, so your results may look a little bit different.

So trying to separate your solids and liquids using the filter paper and then record which solids that you can recover.

So in this case, they were able to recover the sand, the cornflour, the margarine, and well, all of the insoluble things there, whereas the soluble items weren't recoverable.

It says there, we noticed that these were the only soluble solids, the ones that couldn't be recovered.

I wonder what this shows us.

Well done for completing this task.

Let's move on to the final part of this lesson.

The final part is called everyday uses of filters.

Now when Jun helps drain the peas at home, he feels a bit like a scientist.

Jun says, "I'm using a filter to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid." There you can see filtering peas.

Filters are used to separate solids and liquids in many places in our everyday lives.

Filters are often used to remove insoluble solids to keep water clean in these kind of places.

Fish tanks, swimming pools, showers.

How do you think a filter would work in each of these pictures? Take a moment to consider.

So how's a filter going to help a fish tank? Well, fish tanks need to be cleaned and the pump in there is going to keep pumping water through.

By adding a filter, it's not going to allow any algae to build up.

That's gonna be pumped through the system and back into the tank again.

The same kind of thing happens in a swimming pool.

To keep the pool clean, there are special pumps that keep the water moving.

There are filters inside here to make sure that no hair or other foreign bodies get inside all the pumps and working materials or otherwise, it would start to clog up.

Showers will also use filtering here to make sure that the water is soft enough when it reaches your head.

The filter is also in place to make sure that the nozzles don't get all jammed up over time.

Filters can also be used when we make hot drinks.

We've already seen some tea leaves being boiled in water.

A teabag is also a type of filter.

So the tea leaves are held inside a fine paper mesh and this allows the water in and out, but it traps the insoluble leaves inside.

A little bit like the one that we've seen before.

Coffee is sometimes made using the filter as well.

Water flows over the insoluble coffee grounds, picking up the flavour and then flows through the filter.

The coffee grounds themselves get trapped in the filter, ensuring none end up in our drink.

Otherwise, it would be very gritty to drink and that wouldn't be very nice, would it? Can you think of anything else in a kitchen that has a filter to separate insoluble solids from liquids? Take a moment to think.

So was there anything else in the kitchen that you thought of? Well, a juicer is one such example.

You can squeeze an orange or a lemon on top of here and it's going to separate the juices.

A sink strainer as well, it's going to allow the water to flow through and down into the pipes, but it's going to keep any other bits of food and other items that might fall into the sink and block it up.

And a washing machine as well that's going to need filters to stop any of the dirt and grubby bits that build up in the washing machine from the clothes from clogging up all the pipes that make it work and run.

Some filters are used to separate solids from air.

Vacuum cleaners have got bags and filters which let air flow through them, but not solids.

Face masks are also an example of this.

They track dust pollen and some bacteria from air, but let air travel through them.

So filters are not just for liquids.

They can be for air as well.

Stop and think.

Different insoluble solids can be blank a liquid or gas using different filters.

Is it separated from, mixed with, or added to? The correct answer here is separated from.

Different insoluble solids can be separated from a liquid or gas using different filters.

Filters are used to separate soluble solids and liquids.

True or false? The correct answer here is false.

Can we justify our answer? Is it because filters are used to separating soluble solids and liquids? Or is it because filters can separate both soluble and insoluble solids and liquids? The correct answer here is A.

Filters are used to separate insoluble solids and liquids.

So here's your final task.

You are working with a group of children who want to separate sand, stones, large pieces of plastic, and tiny pieces of plastic found in a polluted mixture on the beach.

The children have a sieve with larger holes, a sieve with smaller holes, as well as some filter paper, a funnel, and some clean water.

First, the children add the water to the mixture.

So write a set of numbered instructions to help them to recover the sand.

Here, you can see an example of the polluted beach sample.

So think about the different instructions you're going to need to come up with here.

You are going to need to try and sieve and separate out lots of different types of materials.

So are you going to need different types of filters to help you? Best of luck with your task.

Restart the video when you've done that.

So here's a set of numbered instructions that could be similar to yours.

Don't worry if they're not though, because you may have had some slightly different ideas.

Step one, add the water to the mixture.

Step two, pour the mixture through the large sieve.

This should separate the stones and large pieces of plastic waste from the mixture.

Step three, take the remaining mixture and pour it through the small sieve to separate the tiny pieces of the plastic from the sand and water.

Step four, pour the remaining mixture through the filter paper and the funnel.

The water will go through and the sand will be separated in the filter paper.

Hopefully, if you have had a go at this task, you were then able to lay each of the items that you were able to filter out so you could see the different items that you've rescued.

Using filters in this way can be really, really handy, can't it? And especially can be used to help save different animals if they're trapped in polluted samples like this from the beach.

Let's summarise our lesson.

Some solids do not dissolve in a liquid.

These are called insoluble.

A sieve is a type of filter that can be used to separate larger insoluble solids from a liquid.

Different insoluble solids can be separated from a liquid or gas using different filters, and filters are used to separate solids and liquids in our everyday lives.

Hopefully, you've got a better idea as the type of filtering that you might need to do for some different items. In the future, you may be able to use this knowledge to create your own special type of coffee or maybe a different type of food.

You could even use it to help animals who are trapped in natural disasters.

Doing a little bit like in the task that you did, separating that beach sample.

I've been Mr. Wilshire.

Thank You very much for listening.