Hi everyone.

I'm Mrs. Courts.

I'm very excited to join you for our lesson today on selecting an axle for a windmill.

This part of the "Rotary mechanisms: Windmills" units.

Our lesson outcome for today is I can make, test, and choose an axle for my windmill.

We have four new keywords for today and I will say them first and then you can repeat them after me.

Are you ready? Super.

Axle.

Axle.

An axle is a rod that holds the sail in place and allows it to turn.

Model.

Model.

Super.

A model is making an example of something to test or to learn new skills.

Test.

Test.

Test means trying something to see if it works and to make changes or improvements to it.

Rotary motion.

Rotary motion.

Rotary motion is something that turns around in circles, in that circular movement.

Well done and great listening today.

We've got two parts to our lesson today, and our first learning cycle is making axles.

This windmill is showing a rotary motion.

Can you say rotary motion? Well done.

Rotary motion.

As the windmill turns, it spins in a circular shape.

Put your finger in the air and make that circle shape.

That's brilliant, and it creates a rotary motion.

Well done.

The centre part of a windmill is called an axle.

Can you say axle? Brilliant.

And an axle is the rod that holds the sail in place and allows it to turn in a rotary motion.

So it's the rod that goes all the way through the middle between the sail and through, and that way it holds the sail in place and allows it to turn in its rotary motion.

We are ready for our first check for understanding, and this is a true or false.

The rod in the centre for windmill is called an axle.

Is that true or false? Pause the video now and have a little think.

Welcome back.

So true or false, the rod in the centre for windmill is called an axle is.

That's right.

It's true.

Well done.

Why is it true? Brilliant.

An axle on a windmill is a rod that holds the sail in place and allows its turn.

Well done.

It is always good to make a model to test that something works.

And we can create a simple axle using split pin, thick straws or pre-cut wooden dowel.

All of these are good ways to make an axle that moves freely.

We are ready for our check for understanding.

Are you sitting comfortably? Brilliant.

Which of these would work as an axle for a windmill? A, B, or C? Pause the video now and have a little think.

Welcome back.

So, which of these would work as an axle for a windmill would be? That's right, A and B.

Brilliant.

The split pins and the fixed straws would make good axles for a windmill.

To cut the wind sail, we use scissors.

And scissors are a tool.

We need to hold them carefully.

We need to sit down when we are cutting.

And above all, we only cut paper and cards and materials for our project with our scissors.

To safely put a hole in the middle of a wind sail, we use the sticky tack and pencil method.

We need to remember to put the sticky tack on the table, the wind sail on top, and use a pencil to put a hole in the wind sail.

When we've done that, we carefully remove the wind sail and sticky tack, and our sail is ready.

To cut out the wind sail for the model, we need to first cut around the edge of the square, then cut along the four solid lines.

After that, we fold along the four dotted lines.

And finally using the pencil as sticky tack method, we put a hole in the centre for wind sail.

Our wind sails are now ready to use.

The folded wind sails catch the wind and they'll turn the sails around on the axle.

To make the model of the axle, we need the following equipment and materials.

We need to cut out sail, scissors, pencil, straw, sticky tack, split pin, and wooden dowels.

To join the axle to the sail using a thick straw or pre-cut wooden dowel, we need to put a hole in the wind sail using sticky tack and pencil method.

We then need to put the thick straw or the pre-cut wooden dowel through the sail.

And Izzy has reminded everyone that if you put a piece of sticky tack on the front of the axle, on the straw or the wood, that'll space it away from the sail.

It stops the sail from falling off mid spin.

Well done, Izzy.

Good tip there.

To join the axle to the sail using a split pin, we need to put a hole in the wind sail using sticky tack and pencil methods.

And then we put the split pin through the sail and we use a piece of thick card behind it to test it.

Izzy says, "Quick tip.

Open the back of the split pin very carefully because it can be sharp." Well done, Izzy.

We are ready for our first task now.

And I would like you to make a cardboard wind sail.

Remember to cut along the solid lines and fold along the dotted lines.

Thank you, Izzy, for those tips again.

And then have a go at making a straw, a wooden dowel, and a split pin axle.

Pause the video now and join me when you've completed task A.

Welcome back.

By now, you should have completed task A.

You should have made your cardboard wind sails and had a go at making a straw, wooden dowel, and split pin axle.

Lucas enjoyed making his axles.

He said, "The straw and wooden dowel axles need to have sticky tack on the end to hold the sail in place.

And the split pin axle was very easy to make, but very fiddly to open." Well done, Lucas.

How did you get on with making your axles? Maybe you could tell somebody next to you.

We are now ready for our second learning cycle.

Second part of our lesson, testing and choosing an axle.

Designers and manufacturers always test what they're making to see if there are any problems. Testing also helps to choose the best way of making things and the best materials to use.

Are we ready for our check for understanding? So, true or false? As you make your windmill, you should be testing each part to choose the right materials.

Is that true or false? Pause the video now and have a little think.

Welcome back.

So true or false, as you make your windmill, you should be testing each part to choose the right materials is true.

Well done.

Why is it true? It's true because if you leave the testing until the end, you might find the windmill doesn't work.

It's important to test the wind sails on the axles to choose the best axle for the job.

You might choose a split pin axle, a straw axle, or a pre-cut wooden dowel axle.

The dowel and straw axles need to move freely and not be fixed.

When we choose an axle, we need to think about.

Jun says, "Was it easy to make?" Izzy says, "Did it work?" And Laura says, "Which axle was the best?" The axle needs to let the wind sails turn freely.

Andeep says, "If the axle doesn't move smoothly, what could I do?" What could Andeep do? Have little a think.

What do you think? That's right.

One easy thing to try is to make the hole slightly bigger using the pencil and sticky tack method.

Well done.

We are ready for our next check for understanding.

Are you sitting comfortably? Brilliant.

If the hole for the axle is too tight and the axle is not turning, you can make the hole bigger by.

Is it A, tearing a bigger hole? B, cutting a bigger hole with scissors? Or C, using the pencil and sticky tack method to make the hole bigger? If the hole for the axle is too tight and it's not turning, you can make the hole bigger by, and choose one of those.

Pause the video now and have a little think.

Welcome back.

So if the hole for the axle's too tight, the axle's not turning, you could, well done, use the pencil and sticky tack method to make the hole bigger.

Well done.

We are now ready for task B.

And I'd like to test each axle and complete the table.

Have a think about the split pin, the straw, and the wooden dowel.

And you can use ticks and crosses to show does it turn, and was it easy to make, and how you rate the axle.

When you've done that, I want you to talk to your friend and share your ideas.

Which axle are you going to use in your windmill? And why are you choosing that one? Pause the video now and join me when you've completed B.

Welcome back.

So by now, you should had a go at testing each axle and completed the table, does it turn, was it easy to make, and how you rate it, and spoken to your friend and decided which axle you might use in your windmill, and why? Well, Sam tested each axle and completed the table, as you can see.

They all turned and they were all easy to make.

However, Sam rated them all slightly different.

She preferred the split pin axle.

She wasn't too sure about the straw and the wooden dowel.

Well done, Sam.

Good testing.

After discussion with her friend, Andeep said, "What did your table show? Which axle will you choose?" Sam said, "The split pin axle was much easier to put together.

However, I really liked the straw axle because it turned nicely." Which axle have you chosen? We've reached the end of our lesson for today and we should know that both straws and wooden dowels make an effective axle.

And again, they need to spin freely and not be fixed.

We know that attaching sails to the axle may need different joining techniques.

Well done and thank you for all of your hard work today.

And I'll see you again soon.

Bye.