Lesson video

Hello there, my name is Mr. Goldie and welcome to today's maths lesson.

And let's look at the lesson outcome.

So I can solve problems using scaled bar charts, pictograms and tables.

I can promise you all the way through this lesson, there will be pandas.

Here are keywords today.

So I'm going to say each keyword, can you repeat the keyword back to me.

So the first keyword is bar chart.

The next keyword is pictogram and the last keyword is table.

Let's look at what those words mean.

So a bar chart uses rectangular bars to show different values.

A pictogram uses pictures to represent information and a table has information arranged in rows and columns and you're going to be using all three of those today in your lesson.

Here's our lesson outline.

So the first part of the lesson we're going to be problem solving with bar charts and pictograms. And the second part of the lesson we're going to be problem solving with tables.

Let's get started.

In this lesson you will meet Lucas and Izzy and they're going to be helping you with your learning today and going to be asking you some difficult questions as well.

Let's start off by looking at a pictogram.

So the pictogram shows how many milkshakes five pandas had in a week.

So I did tell you there were pandas throughout this lesson.

Here's our pictogram and it tells us the name of the pandas and the number of milkshakes that they had in a week.

And down here we've got something called the key.

And the key helps you understand the information in the pictogram.

So a little picture of a milkshake actually is worth two milkshakes.

So every time that appears in the table it beans a panda actually had two milkshakes, half a milkshake actually represents one milkshake.

So anytime you see half milkshake in the pictogram, it actually means the panda has had a milkshake in the week.

So how many milkshakes did each panda have? Now it's helpful to write the values says Lucas.

Very very helpful piece of advice.

So anytime you're looking at bar charts and pictograms, it's very, very helpful to write down the numbers as you work them out.

So let's have a look at how many milkshakes each of the pandas had during the week.

So Pedro, it looks like Pedro had four milkshakes, but remember each picture of a milkshake represent two milkshakes.

So in fact, Pedro had two, four, six, eight milkshakes.

So in one week, Pedro had eight milkshakes.

It's quite a lot of milkshakes for a panda.

Petra had, well there's a picture of a whole milkshake, isn't there? And a picture of half a milkshake.

Remember the whole milkshake represented two milkshakes.

Half a picture of a milkshake represents one milkshake.

So how many did Petra have? Petra actually had three milkshakes.

Let's look at Pia's number of milkshakes, next on Pia looks like she's drank quite a lot of milkshakes.

Remember each picture of a milkshake represents two milkshakes the panda drank.

So Pia altogether had 10 milkshakes, two, four, six, eight, 10 milkshakes.

Ping had even more milkshakes.

How many milkshakes did Ping have? You can casually compare it to the number of milkshakes that Pia had.

Ping actually had a whole picture of a milkshake more and then half a milkshake.

Remember that whole milkshake represents two milkshakes.

Half a milkshake represents one milkshake.

So she actually had another three milkshakes more than pier.

So altogether Ping had 13 milkshakes and Polly had the most.

So I thought Pedro had quite lot milkshakes.

Pia, Ping and Polly all have more.

Polly had altogether 17 milkshakes.

So as Lucas said, it's very, very helpful to write the values on the pictogram.

So we've written those down so we can use those to help us work out the problems. Which two pandas had 11 milkshakes between them.

So now we've written the numbers on this, it can be much easier to work out.

So which two numbers have a sum of 11? We're looking for two numbers that add together to equal 11, eight add three equals 11.

So Pedro and Petra had 11 milkshakes between them Which two pandas had 16 milkshakes between them? So this time we're looking for two numbers that have a sum of 16.

So which two numbers add up to equal 16? So have a good look.

What two numbers could it be? Could it be Pia and Pedro? Well, Pia had 10, Pedro had eight, 10 add eight equals 18, not 16.

So looking for two numbers that add together to equals 16, can you spot them? 13, add three equals 16.

So Ping and Petra had 16 milkshakes between them.

Well I dunno if you spotted that.

Which panda had three milkshakes more than another.

So this time we're looking for two numbers that have a difference of three.

If we take one of the numbers and we subtract the other number from it, we get a difference of three.

So can you spot there two numbers that have a difference of three? Hmm, what's the difference between 10 and eight? Difference between 10 and eight is only two, isn't it? 10 subtract eight equals two.

We're looking for two numbers that have a difference of three.

Izzy is advising us to try subtracting three from each of the numbers.

So we could start with Pedro.

Pedro had eight milkshakes.

If we subtract three from eight we get five.

But none of the pandas had five milkshakes.

Petra had three milkshakes.

If we subtract three from three we get zero.

None of the pandas had nil milkshakes or about Pia, Pia had 10 milkshakes.

Subtract three from that we get seven.

None of the pandas had seven milkshakes.

Can you work out what the answer is? The answer is 13, subtract 10 equals three.

Ping had three more milkshakes than Pia.

Well don't know if you spotted that.

So here's one to try on your own, which panda had five milkshakes more than another.

So which two numbers have a difference of five? So you're looking for two numbers with a difference of five between them.

So if you subtract one number from the other, we get the difference of five.

Can you spot which two numbers it is? Lucas is actually saying there are two different answers.

So if you can find one of the answers, can you find the other, pause the video and see if you can find which panda may have had five more milkshakes than another.

And welcome back.

Did you manage to find an answer? Did you manage to find both answers? If you did, that is absolutely fantastic.

Let's have a look.

So Lucas says 13, subtract eight equals five.

So Ping had five more milkshakes than Pedro, so that is one of the answers.

Ping and Pedro could have been the two pandas.

Ping had five more milkshakes than Pedro.

There's one other answer which is eight subtract three equals five.

So Pedro had five more milkshakes than Petra.

Very, very well done.

If you found one of those answers, brilliant work if you found both really good mathematical thinking.

Next we're going to move on and look at a bar chart next.

So you're gonna look at this bar chart.

So we've got a bar chart there showing the number of cherries eaten at lunchtime.

So it's the same five pandas.

We've got Pedro, Petra, Pia, Ping and Polly, and we've got the names of the pandas down there at the bottom and at the side we've got the number of cherries they ate.

How many cherries did each panda have? So how many cherries did each panda have at lunchtime? Now the scale shows multiples of five.

If you look at the side of the bar chart, you can see the numbers are counting up in five.

So we've got zero, five, 10, 15, 20 and we've gotta look really carefully at each bar.

So for example, if, let's start with Pedro.

How many cherries did Pedro eat? Well it's a number between 10 and 15, but what numbers come between 10 and 15? We've got 11, 12, 13 and 14 says one of those numbers there.

He must have eaten one of those numbers of cherries.

12 and 13 were about halfway in between 10 and 15.

Does the bar go about halfway between 10 and 15? Now he doesn't.

It's nearer 15.

So how many cherries did Pedro have? Pedro had 14 cherries altogether, there's only one less than 15.

Let's look a Petra next.

So again, Petra's bar comes up all the way, almost 10.

It's quite a lot taller than halfway between five and 10.

So the answer would be nine.

So Petra had nine cherries.

Let's look at Pia next, Pia is really easy to work out because it's exactly on five.

Let's look at Ping's bar next.

So pings bar goes beyond 15.

So she had more than 15 cherries.

It's not as high as 20, now it's about halfway.

In fact it's slightly less than halfway.

So we're looking for a number that's slightly less than halfway between 15 and 20.

Remember we've got 16, 17, 18, 19.

Let's get one of those numbers.

Which number's slightly less than halfway? Well the answer's going to be 17.

So Ping had 17 cherries altogether.

And lastly is look at Polly, at Polly's bar goes above 10.

So you have more than 10 cherries but it's not as high as 15.

So it's somewhere between 10 and 15 and it's nearly halfway between 10 and 15.

So it's not just above 10.

Just above 10 will be 11.

So it's a bit more than that.

It's actually 12, it's not quite halfway.

12 is slightly below halfway, 13 would be slightly above halfway.

So we've worked out how many cherries each of the pandas has.

Now, which two pandas at 14 cherries between them.

So which two numbers have a sum of 14? You're looking for two numbers that add up to make 14.

Can you spot what they would be? Nine add five equals 14.

Petra and Pia Eight 14 cherries between them.

Which panda ate two more cherries than another.

So this time we're looking for two numbers that have a difference of two.

So when you subtract one number from the other, we are left with two.

14 subtract 12 equals two.

Pedro ate two more cherries than Polly.

Well done If you spotted that.

Polly and which other panda ate 29 cherries between them.

So Polly was one of the pandas.

Who was the other panda? So Izzy saying 12 add what other number equals 29? How should I work out the missing part? Izzy can subtract the known part from the whole when you know one of the parts you can subtract it from the whole and that will give you the other part.

So 29, subtract 12.

What is 29 subtract 12? 29 subtract 12 equals 17.

So Polly and Ping ate 29 cherries between them.

Pia and which other panda ate 19 cherries between them? So Pia ate five cherries, what number do you add to five to equal 19.

How should you work out the missing part? Pause the video and try and work out the answer.

And welcome back.

Did you manage to work out who the other panda was? Let's have a look.

So how should you work out the missing part? Well, Izzy says we can subtract the known part from the whole so we could do the calculation.

19, subtract five.

That will give us the other part.

19 subtract five equals 14.

So the two pandas were Pia and Pedro.

Pia and Pedro ate 19 cherries between them.

Very well done if you will to tell that the other panda was Pedro.

Fantastic.

And then we're going to move on to Task A.

So in Task A you, you're going to use the pictogram to answer the questions and Izzy is saying, "Do you need to add the numbers?" And Lucas is saying, "Should you subtract one number from another?" So you've got four questions you're going to answer using a pictogram.

So have a go at those four questions.

So part two of Task A, you're going to be using the bar chart to answer the questions.

So do you need to add the numbers or should you subtract one number from another? And again, you've got four questions you are going to answer.

So the first question is which two pandas ate 21 cherries between them.

So think really careful about how you're going to work out the answer.

What calculation should you write down and do you need to rearrange the calculation to work out the answer? So pause the video and have a go at Task A.

And welcome back and let's look at those answers and see how you got on.

So here are the answers for part one of Task A.

So let's look at the first question.

So it's which two pandas had 20 milkshakes between them? So 17 add three equals 20.

Polly and Petra had 20 milkshakes between them.

So the answer was Polly and Petra.

So very well done.

If you managed to finish off part one of Task A.

And let's look at part two of Task A.

So part two of Task A, which two pandas ate 21 cherries between them? So 12 add nine equals 21.

So it's Polly and Petra.

Polly and Petra ate 21 Cherries between them.

Very well done.

If you got onto part two of Task A and you managed to complete that as well, that is excellent work.

And let's move on to part two of our lesson's.

So part two of our lesson is problem solving with tables.

So this table shows how many star jumps and squats the pandas did in a workout.

So Izzy saying, "After all those milkshakes, the pandas were keen to exercise." "Some of the data is missing from the table.

We're going to complete the table." So we're going to try to work out what the missing information is and we're gonna have some clues, some questions to help us work out the missing information.

So Polly and Pedro did a total of 22 squats between them and you can see on the table that the information that we are looking at has been highlighted green to help us pick out because there's quite a lot of information on the table.

So to help you work out what information we're using, it's been coloured green.

So Polly and Pedro did a total of 22 squats between them.

So we know how many Polly did, Polly did seven squats, we don't know how many Pedro did.

So seven add what other number equals 22? If there is a total of 22 squats between them and we know that Polly did seven, all we have to do is to add a number onto seven to get the number of squats that Pedro did.

So what number adds to seven to equal 22.

Now how would you rearrange that calculation to help you work out the answer? So when a part is missing, subtract the other part from the whole.

So Lucas is saying we could work out 22, subtract seven and that would give us the number of squats that Pedro completed.

So Pedro did 15 squats, 22 subtract seven equals 15.

So Pedro completed 15 squats.

The sum of Petra's star jumps and squats is 58.

How many squats did she do? So again, the information we're looking at has been highlighted green.

So we've got Petra, and Petra completed 41 star jumps and we know that she completed 58 star jumps and squats altogether.

So how would we work out the number of squats that she did? So 41 add what number equals 58? "What number adds to 41 to equal 58?" Asks Izzy.

How would you work out the missing part? Lucas is saying, "I could subtract." So Lucas could work out 58 subtract 41.

But it's probably easier to add on because the numbers are quite close together.

So when the numbers are close together you can add on to find the difference.

So 41 add 17 equals 58.

So Petra must have completed 17 squats, 41 and 17 equals 58.

Ping did as many squats as Petro and Petra did all together.

Okay, so this time there are three parts of the table highlighted.

So Pedro did 15 squats, Petra did 17 squats and Ping did as many squats as the pair of them did together.

So 15 add 17 equals what? "What is 15 add 17?" Asks Izzy.

And Lucas says I know that 15 add 15 equals 30 and 17 is two more than 15.

So if I did 15 add 15 add two, I'd be working out the answer to 15 add 17.

The answer is 32.

So Ping must have completed 32 squats altogether.

Very well worked out Izzy and Lucas.

Very good maths there.

And here's one to try on your own.

So Polly and Ping completed 50 star jumps in total.

How many star jumps did Polly do? So again to help you, the information's been highlighted green on the table.

So Ping did 23 star jumps.

How many did Polly do? How would you work out the answer? Pause the video and have a go at that panda problem.

And welcome back.

Did you manage to solve the problem? Did you think really careful about how you're going to work it out? Have you definitely got the right answer? So we're looking for how many star jumps that Polly did and we know that Ping did 23 star jumps and we know that Polly and Ping did 50 star jumps altogether between them.

So Izzy says, "What number added to 23 equals 50?" 23 add what number equals 50? So when a part is missing says Lucas subtract the other part from the whole so he could turn that calculation around and do 50 subtract 23.

What is 50 subtract 23.

So 50 subtract 20 equals 30 and 30 subtract three equals 27.

So the answer is 27.

So Polly completed 27 star jumps.

Very well done if you got the right answer and very well done if you thought really carefully about how you were going to work it out, excellent work.

Here's our next problem.

So Ping, Pedro and which other panda did a total of 54 squats between them.

So it's quite a tricky calculation this one.

So they're looking for three pandas that did a total of 54 squats between them.

We know the Pedro did 15 squats and we know the Ping did 32 squats.

So who is the other panda? So which three numbers add together to equal 54? Says Izzy.

So 32 add 15 add what other number equals 54? We're going to start by working out how many squats Ping and Pedro did between them.

So Izzy says let's add together the number of squats that Pedro and Ping did and work out how many they did between them.

So 32 add 15, fairly straightforward calculation is 47.

So Petro and Ping did 47 squats between them.

How many more squats do you have to add to get to the total of 54? So 47 add what number equals 54? Who is the other panda? Pause the video and see if you can work out who the other panda is.

And welcome back.

Did you manage to work out the answer? Let's see if you were right.

So 47 and 54 are quite close together, says Lucas, it's easier to add on than subtract.

Remember when we are finding a missing part like we are in this problem here, we can subtract the other part from the whole but 54 subtract 47 is quite a tricky calculation.

Lucas is saying that 47 adds something makes 54, it's much easier to work out and it's of course it is also crossing a 10's number, which makes it a little bit tricky.

So Lucas is going to use a number line to try and help him work out the answer.

So Lucas says I have to add three to get to 50, then I have to add four more to 50 to get to 54.

What's Lucas added altogether? They did three to get to 50, added four more to get to 54.

Altogether he's added seven.

So our missing number is seven.

Seven more had to be added.

So the other panda was Polly.

Ping, Pedro and Poly did a total of 54 squats between them.

Very well done if you worked out that the mystery panda was Polly.

Let's move on to Task B.

So use the table to help you answer the questions.

So is Izzy saying, first of all, add any new information to the table.

The table isn't yet completed, is it? There are still some gaps on the table.

So as you work the answers out, can you put the new information on the table? But then you've got some other questions to answer as well.

So here are our questions.

The first question is, Pia completed 18 more squats than Ping.

How many squats did Pia do? So think careful about how you're going to work out the answer.

Think about what calculation you might write down.

Think about whether you need to rearrange the calculation or whether you need to do any workings out.

And then once you've worked out the answer, write it down and put it on the table as well to show that you've actually found the answer.

So we've got three questions there and we've got two more questions as well.

The last question is Pia and two other pandas did a total of 89 star jumps.

Who were the other two pandas? That's quite a tricky one, so good luck.

Pause the video and have a go at Task B.

And welcome back and let's look at those answers.

So here is the table completed.

So you can see on there Pedro did 30 star jumps.

That's the number you should have put on the table.

And Pia did 18 star jumps and 50 squats.

That's a lot of squats for a panda, isn't it? Very well done Pia.

And let's look at some of our answers.

So Pia completed more squats than Ping.

How many squats did Pia do? So Pia did 50 squats.

We just looked at the answer on the table I've made.

Ping did seven fewer star jumps than Pedro.

How many star jumps did Pedro do? So Pedro did 30 star jumps altogether.

Altogether Ping and Pia did as many star jumps as Petra.

How many star jumps did Pia do? Or our calculation would be 23, add something equals 41.

So 23, that's the number of star jumps that Ping did.

And 41 is the number of star jumps that Petra did and we're looking for the number of star jumps that Pia did.

So how could you work out a missing part? So to work out a missing part, we can subtract the other part from the whole.

So 41 subtract 23, we can work out the answer there and we could represent that problem using a number line.

So we could start from 41 subtract 20, that would get the answer 21.

And then we could break up that three to help us bridge through the tens number.

So if we subtract one, we get back to 20, then we have to subtract another two, 20 subtract two equals 18.

Altogether we subtracted 23, 20 and then a one and then a two.

So the answer is 18.

Very well done if you got on to see.

And you managed to work out how many star jumps Pia did.

So Pia did 18 star jumps.

Which panda completed 55 star jumps and squats into total.

So the answer was Ping, Ping did 55 star jumps and squats in total.

And then the last one, Pia and two other pandas did a total of 89 star jumps.

Who were the other two pandas? So if we subtract the number of star jumps that Pia did from 89, we get the answer 71.

And then you are looking for two numbers that add together to make 71.

So 30 add 41 equals 71.

And it so happens that Pedro and Petra did 71 star jumps between them.

So the other two pandas were Pedro and Petra.

Well I hope that the pandas have burned off some of their calories after all those star jumps and squats and I hope they're feeling like they've had a good workout.

And I hope your brain has had a very, very good workout today as well.

So lots, lots of problem solving using bar charts and pictograms and tables and I hope you're feeling much more confident using those to help you solve problems. Brilliant work today.

Very, very well done indeed.

And let's finally look at our lesson summary.

So use the key in a pictogram and the scale on a bar chart to help you understand the information and write on pictograms and bar charts to make it easier to answer any questions.