Good morning, my name is Ms. Halliday, and I will be your teacher for today.

Thank you so much for joining me, I'm really looking forward to seeing all your incredible contributions in today's lesson, so let's get started.

So today's lesson is called Stave 5: The Change in Scrooge.

And by the end of today's lesson you will be able to explain how Scrooge is presented as a transformed character in Stave 5.

So let's get started.

Here are some key words that you'll need for today's lesson.

We've got "to transform, newfound, liberated, to contrast, and character development." Here are the definitions of these key words.

If you'd like to read them at your own pace then please feel free to pause the slide and do so.

So here's today's lesson outline.

We're going to begin by finishing the novella and reading Stave 5, which is the final stave.

We're then going to move on to look at Scrooge's transformation and how Dickens characterises Scrooge as a transformed character.

But let's start first by finishing the novella and reading Stave 5.

Now before we read, let's just do a quick recap.

So I'd like you to discuss with the people around you, "What changes in Scrooge have we seen thus far?" "In Stave 4, we saw Scrooge promise to "keep Christmas in his heart, and try to keep it all the year.

To live in the Past, the Present, and the Future.

And not to shut out the spirits' lessons." Again, I'd like you to just think for a minute.

"Do you think that Scrooge will keep his promise? Why or why not?" So I'm going to encourage you now, to pause the video while you have a go at that discussion task and before we read the rest of the novella and see.

Some fantastic discussions there.

So let's see what Scrooge does, shall we? Now before I set you off reading independently, I'd like to read through some of the text with you.

So as I'm reading, it will be great if you will be following along either in your own copy of "A Christmas Carol" or using the text on screen, let's go.

"Yes! And the bedpost was his own.

The bed was his own, the room was his own.

Best and happiest of all, the Time before him was his own, to make amends in! "I will live in the Past, the Present, and the Future!" Scrooge repeated, as he scrambled out of bed.

"The Spirits of all Three shall strive within me.

Oh Jacob Marley! Heaven, and the Christmas Time be praised for this! I say it on my knees, old Jacob; on my knees!" He was so fluttered and so glowing with his good intentions, that his broken voice would scarcely answer to his call.

He had been sobbing violently in his conflict with the Spirit, and his face was wet with tears." So now that we've read that, I just wat to test your understanding of what we've just read.

So "which of the following summaries best describes the section of text that you have just read?" I'm going to give you a moment to read through the two options and choose the one that you think best summarises the section of text that we've just read.

So pause the video, and off you go.

Fantastic, and well done to those of you that identified that summary A is the best.

So what we've just read, is we see "Scrooge back in his room feeling really motivated to begin making positive changes to his life." Now, "he vows to honour the spirits' messages and live in the past, present and future." We read that "he is immensely grateful for his visit from Marley's Ghost and is practically glowing with optimism and positivity, aside from the tears remaining from his encounter with the previous spirit." So well done if you selected this summary as the best one, you're absolutely right.

And back to the text, again I'll read, you follow along.

""They are not torn down," cried Scrooge, folding one of his bed-curtains in his arms, "they are not torn down, rings and all.

They are here, I am here, the shadows of the things that would have been, may be dispelled.

They will be.

I know they will!" His hands were busy with his garments all this time; turning them inside out, putting them on upside down, tearing them, mislaying them, making them parties to every kind of extravagance.

"I don't know that to do!" cried Scrooge, laughing and crying in the same breath; and making a perfect Laocoon of himself with his stockings." So now that we've read that extract, what I'd like you to do, is discuss the following questions.

First of all, "what do you notice about the punctuation that Dickens uses for Scrooge's speech? And what does this show you?" And secondly, a "Laocoon refers to the statue of Laocoon, who depicted entangled in serpents." So there' that little bit of an illusion for you.

So you can almost imagine Scrooge with his stockings wrapped all around him, almost like the serpents in the statue of Laocoon.

Okay, so it's a really nice bit of imagery there from Dickens, to show us just how excited Scrooge is as he's dressing himself.

Okay, so I'm gonna invite you to pause the video while you discuss the question at the top of the slide, now.

Fantastic discussions, now I'm sure you've noticed, that Dickens is using a lot of exclamation marks here in Scrooge's speech.

And that shows us his excitement and his optimism and his positivity, and his willingness to make positive changes to his life.

So here, Dickens is really showing us Scrooge is a transformed character through his tone of voice and the way that he speaks, using those exclamation marks.

So well do if you got that.

Again, back to the text.

""I am as light as a feather, I am as happy as an angel, I am as merry as a schoolboy.

I am as giddy as a drunken man.

A merry Christmas to everybody! A happy New Year to all the world.

Hallo here! Whoop! Hallo!" He had frisked into the sitting-room, and was now standing there: perfectly winded.

"There's the saucepan that the gruel was in!" Cried Scrooge, starting off again, and going round the fireplace.

"There's the door, by which the Ghost of Jacob Marley entered! There's the corner where the Ghost of Christmas Present sat! There's the window where I saw all the wandering Spirits! It's all right, it's all true, it all happened! Ha ha ha!"" Okay, now again, that we've read that extract, I'd like you to consider the following questions.

"What is the effect of all these similes?" And I've highlighted them for you in purple.

And finally, well "what is Scrooge's tone of voice here? What does it tell us about his attitude towards the spirits?" So again I'm going to invite you to pause the video while you discuss the answers to those questions and before we share our ideas together.

Fantastic, now in terms of all those similes, what we see is Scrooges real transformation and his excitement and the fact that he's making these allusions to being an angel, a schoolboy, shows his purity and innocence and that's newfound, okay? Because we know that in Stave 1, Scrooge was compared to an oyster, he was compared to a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone.

And here we see a really different collection of similes to describe Scrooge, and that just shows us how much he has actually changed between Stave 1 and Stave 5.

Because now he's being compared to things like an angel, a drunken man who's a bit silly and out of control because he's so excited.

Again that idea of a schoolboy, so he feels almost childlike and innocent in his excitement here.

So well done if you got that.

And secondly, in terms of Scrooge's tone of voice, again because of Dickens use of exclamation marks Scrooge's tone voice is really excited and really grateful and thankful for the experiences that he's had.

And in terms of what it tells us about his attitude, well it shows us that he's thankful for the supernatural visitors that he's been granted, okay? And the impact that they've had on his life.

And he's really grateful for the opportunity to almost be reborn into a much more model person.

And to make a difference to his life, but also to other peoples' lives now as well.

So well done of you got that as well.

So let's check for understanding before we carry on reading.

"Which of the following summaries, again, best describes the section of text that you have just read?" So again, just like in the first check for understanding, I'm going to invite you to pause the video while you decide which of the two summaries you think is the most accurate in describing what we've just read.

So pause the video and off you go.

And really well done if you identified that it is B, okay? We see "Scrooge brimming with optimism for his future.

He gets dressed in a real hurry because he can't wait to begin making positive changes." He's in such a whirlwind of excitement that he actually struggles to dress himself sensibly and properly.

Scrooge begins rushing around his house to check the ghosts have actually been, and that it wasn't just a dream.

And we see Scrooge is really immensely grateful for his supernatural visitors.

So well done if you got B, you're absolutely right, that was the more accurate summary.

So onto the last task of the lesson now, where I'm going to ask you to read the rest of the text independently.

So you're going to read the rest of Stave 5 from, "Really, for a man who had been out of practise" all the way to the end to the last line, "God bless Us, Every One!" Now as you're reading, make sure that you are doing your interactive reading.

So here's a quick reminder of what that interactive reading looks like.

So you should be "circling key vocab, underlining important words and phrases, using square brackets to draw attention to important paragraphs, putting a star next to key ideas." And finally, make sure that you're writing margin notes or annotations at the side of your text to help you remember key inferences and key ideas that you might want to return to when you come back to this part of the text.

Now, once you finish that reading, I do have a little task that I'd like you to complete.

But what I'm going to do first is set you off on your reading.

So what I'm going to ask you to do now is pause the video and go and complete your reading and then come back and I will give you your next task.

So off you go and enjoy.

Fantastic reading, and I was absolutely delighted to see that many of you enjoyed the ending as much as I do.

So now that you've read Stave 5 all the way to the end and you've finished the novella, what I would like you to do is write a summary of the events of Stave 5 using the model below.

So what I've done here is I've written a model summary of the events of Stave 1.

So I'll read it out to you now and hopefully you'll be able to see what a summary should contain.

And we'll talk a little bit more about that in a moment, once we've read it, so here's our model summary.

"In the beginning of "A Christmas Carol", we meet the miserly and avaricious character Scrooge, who is cruel to his employee, his nephew, and a couple of charity men who ask him for a donation.

We learn that Scrooge values wealth above human connection and that his relentless pursuit of wealth has left him isolated.

At the end of Stave 1, Scrooge is visited by the ghost of his former business partner, who delivers a warning to Scrooge about the divine punishment that lies in store for him.

Marley's Ghost informs Scrooge that he will be visited by three ghosts and that it is imperative he heeds their warnings." So as I'm sure you can see there, when we're writing a summary, we need to have a few questions in mind.

So first of all, we need to be considering, well, who is this about? Who are the significant characters? What are they doing? Where is this scene or stave or chapter taking place? When does it take place and when do the key events happen? And how has this happened? What might have led up to this moment 'til now? So what I've done is I've exemplified those questions within my model summary.

So what I'd like you to do now is go away and use my example summary of Scrooge in Stave 1 to write a summary of the events of Stave 5.

So what I'm going to do now is ask you to pause the video while you undertake that task, off you go.

Some fantastic summaries there, really well done.

And it was lovely to see that some of you were quickly plotting out that who, what, where, when, how before you started writing, so well done, really good planning there.

So here's the summary that you could have written, "In Stave 5 of "A Christmas Carol".

We see Scrooge back in his own bedroom feeling motivated to begin making positive changes to his life.

Scrooge is brimming with positivity and newfound moral purpose.

When he discovers that it's Christmas Day he seizes the opportunity to send for the prize turkey for the Cratchits, even offering to pay his messengers taxi fare.

Scrooge keeps to his word by attending Fred's Christmas party.

The next morning we see Scrooge pretending to be his old miserly self to Bob Cratchit, before dropping his pretence and granting Bob a well-deserved pay rise.

At the end of the stave, the narrator informs us that Scrooge was better than his word, becoming a second father to Tiny Tim and honouring Christmas better than any man year upon year.

Though Scrooge never encountered the spirits again, we are told that their messages remained with him." So as you can see there, we've covered the key characters and we've covered the key events of Stave 5, so well done, if your summary resembles the one on screen, excellent work.

Now onto the second part of the lesson where we're going to look specifically at how Scrooge is presented as a transformed character.

So off we go.

We're gonna begin with a little bit of a discussion.

I'm really interested to hear your thoughts on whether or not you liked the ending of the novella.

Okay, so what did you think of it? "Was it what you expected?" "Is there anything that you would've written differently?" And finally, well, "how has Scrooge changed from the character he was in Stave 1?" So what I'm going to do now is invite you to pause the video while you quickly discuss your thoughts about the ending of "A Christmas Carol," off you go.

Fantastic, and it's lovely to see that so many of you really enjoyed that ending.

I'm really glad that you did because I absolutely love it.

And you know I love "A Christmas Carol", but I just think what an amazing ending.

How wholesome, how lovely, and how inspirational as well.

So let's have a look at a section of text and see how Scrooge is presented as a changed character.

So I'll read and you follow along.

""I don't what to do!" cried Scrooge, laughing and crying in the same breath.

"I am as light as a feather, I am as happy as an angel.

I am as merry as a schoolboy.

I am as giddy as a drunken man.

A merry Christmas to everybody.

A happy New Year to all the world.

Hallo here! Whoop! Hallo!" He had frisked into the sitting room and was now standing there: perfectly winded.

"There's the saucepan that the gruel was in!" cried Scrooge, starting off again and going round the fireplace.

"It's all right, it's all true, it's all happened, ha ha ha!" Really, for a man who had been out of practise for so many years, it was a splendid laugh, a most illustrious laugh.

The father of a long, long line of brilliant laughs!" So what I'd like you to do now is use the extract to answer the following questions.

"How is Scrooge presented as a change character?" And finally, I'd like you to highlight and annotate the three best pieces of evidence that show you his change.

So you're going to have to be really judicious here and decide which three pieces of evidence only, you think best illustrates screw's transformation.

So pause the video and complete those two tasks now.

Fantastic work, now it's very clear to see how different Scrooge in Stave 5 is to Scrooge in Stave 1, because he's so joyful, merry, enthusiastic, and he's clearly found a sense of humour in Stave 5 that he definitely didn't have in Stave 1.

Now in terms of your best pieces of evidence, here's some examples that you might have chosen.

So we've got, ""I dunno what to do!" cried Scrooge, laughing and crying in the same breath." Then we have this lovely quotation with all the similes in, "light as a feather, happy as an angel, merry as a schoolboy," and then finally, I really like this description of Scrooge's new laugh, okay? And the fact it's "splendid, it's illustrious, it's the father of a long, long line of brilliant laughs." So let's have a look at some of the annotations you might have made for these three quotations.

So looking at our first quotation, you might have identified that actually this quotation here shows us that Scrooge has been liberated from his emotional repression because he is laughing and crying in the same breath.

So here we see him as a character who is completely overwhelmed with newfound positive emotions.

And even the difference in emotions that Scrooge is exhibiting here in Stave 5 versus those that we saw from him in Stave 1, of kind of misery, frustration, annoyance and anger.

And here we see him laughing and crying and being really enthusiastic.

And that's absolutely lovely to see.

Because here we really see Scrooge as a liberated character.

Okay, it's almost like a big weight has been lifted off his shoulders.

All that resentment and anger has been lifted away from him, and it's left him almost hysterical and really overwhelmed with positive emotions.

Now again, we've talked about this a little bit already, but Dickens' list of similes here is really significant.

So that first one, "light as a feather" again, it shows that that emotional weight and the burden of having to repress his emotions has been lifted from him.

We see the simile "as happy as an angel" and that shows scrooge's newfound purity of soul and his moral intentions.

And the fact that Dickens compares him to an angel, again suggests that he's found some level of kind of Christian goodness here.

Now again, that "giddy is a drunken man," okay? The comparison of Scrooge to a drunken man shows how out of control he is and how silly he's being.

And that's really lovely to see because he is not taking himself seriously at all.

So he is clearly found a sense of humour and he's found real enthusiasm and excitement for his life.

And that's really touching to see.

And all of these hyperbolic similes really contrast with the similes that Dickens used in Stave 1.

So we had "solitary as an oyster," "tight-fisted hand at the grindstone." Okay, these are completely different similes, okay? And it shows his character development and his evolution morally and spiritually.

So I love the fact that Dickens returns to his use of similes here.

Because when we compare them directly, we can really see the transformation in Scrooge, just in Dickens's similes.

So let's check for understanding.

"What methods does Dickens use to create a stark contrast between Scrooge in Stave 1 and Scrooge in Stave 5?" Is it "A, extended metaphors, B, similes, C, onomatopoeia, or D, alliteration?" So I'm gonna invite you to pause the video now, while you make your choice.

And well done if you identified that it is in fact B, okay? Dickens' use of similes in Stave 1 and his similes in Stave 5 really contrast with one another and show Scrooge's transformation across the course of the novella, so well done.

And onto the second quotation that we identified as really significant in showing Scrooge's transformation.

So we see from the fact that Scrooge's wishing people a merry Christmas, that he now embodies Christmas spirit and all of the qualities that go with it.

So empathy, kindness, charity.

And we see that as a really drastic change from Stave 1 Scrooge who would just simply say like "Bah humbug!" okay? And and that showed us his real misery and his resentment for Christmas.

But here we see him changed and celebrating Christmas and wanting to spread Christmas spirit himself.

Again, here we see him using really inclusive language.

So, "A merry Christmas to everybody! Happy New Year to all the world!" And this inclusive language shows that he now views other people as equals and he started to value community and social responsibility here.

So that shows us that he's already trying to positively influence other people 'cause he's already trying to lift their spirits and spread that Christmas cheer and festive goodwill to everybody.

So he is not discriminating against anybody anymore.

He's even wishing poor people here a merry Christmas.

And that's really nice to see because Scrooge was awful to the poor in Stave 1.

But here we can see him accepting them as fellow human beings and wishing them the best, especially in this festive period.

Again, "happy New Year" that shows us that he is not just honouring Christmas, but other festive holidays too.

So he's really kind of embracing these chances to bring communities together and unite people.

Okay, and he's recognising public holidays as the perfect opportunity to be joyful and spread that cheer.

And that shows that he's started again and he's almost been spiritually reborn as a new person.

And again, it's just lovely to see, isn't it? When we think about how far he is coming in novella, it's just so nice to see him as such a positive and endearing character here.

And finally this repetition of "Hallo! Whoop! Hallo!" shows how friendly he is and how much he really now wants to integrate into society.

Okay, this marks the start of Scrooge's real friendliness and his effort that he makes in making human connections.

So it's really nice to see him wanting to be part of society and wanting to speak to other people.

The "Whoop!" shows his joy and excitement.

He's literally bursting with positive energy.

Now again, that's just lovely to see because we see him here as almost like a child in a way, he's so silly and giddy that it's almost returned to like a childlike state.

And as we know, Dickens viewed childhood as a really magical time in a person's life.

So here we're seeing, you know, an innocent and childlike and enthusiastic Scrooge rediscovering the joys of the world.

So again, really lovely to see.

And here's our final quote.

Now the fact that Dickens points out that Scrooge had been out of practise of laughing just shows how miserly and miserable the old Scrooge was.

So this is Dickens kind of saying, "Don't forget what Scrooge was like in Stave 1.

Look how far he's come." So Dickens is creating a really stark contrast between Stave 5 Scrooge and Stave 1 Scrooge here.

Now Dickens uses superlatives here so that "most illustrious laugh" and that shows just how merry Scrooge is.

He could not be more merry, okay? He's at the absolute top of his joy and enthusiasm for life.

And that again, illustrates the transformation that he's undergone.

Now I love this word illustrious, I think it is just genius from Dickens, because illustrious means like, well-known and kind of infamous.

And this suggests here that Scrooge's laugh is now going to become one of his defining features.

And one of the things that people recognise and remember him for, and again, how lovely is that? Because again, we see in Stave 1, Scrooge is constantly regarded by the community as an object of fear and someone to avoid.

And here we see in Stave 5, that actually Scrooge has become somebody who's laugh people recognise and people kind of are drawn to and warm to.

So again, we see the real transformation in Scrooge there, through his laughter.

Now, in terms of laughter itself, we know that throughout the novella laughter has been symbolic of goodwill, okay? And this shows Scrooge's new nature and the fact that he has those good intentions and he's a well-intentioned character.

And again, I love this, "long, long line of laughs," okay? And that suggests that Scrooge will laugh much more over the course of his lifetime.

Even though we don't see Scrooge, you know, after this one day, we're reassured that he continues to be this really positive and influential character.

And actually this was the first founding laugh of many.

And that implies that he will continue to nurture his sense of humour, almost like a father nurtures a child.

Okay, so he is almost going to work on his sense of humour from now onwards.

And again, that's so nice to see.

So our last task of the lesson, where we're really going to look at how Dickens shows us Scrooge's transformation in terms of his speech and his actions.

So what I've done is I've put some quotations from Stave 5 that include some of Scrooge's speech and actions on the left hand side of the table.

I've then given you some questions on the right hand side that I'd like you to consider when you're analysing the quotations.

So as an example, we've got, ""An intelligent boy!" said Scrooge, "A remarkable boy!"" And then I'd like you to consider this question of, "How does this moment contrast with his response to the caroler boy in Stave 1?" So I'm going to pop all of the quotations and the corresponding questions on screen for you now.

And you will notice that many of them focus on comparison.

So many of them are about comparing moments from Stave 5 with moments from Stave 1.

So what I'd like you to do now is pause the video while you use the questions on the right hand side to analyse the quotations on the left, looking at Scrooge's transformation, so off you go.

Fantastic work, so here's what you could have said.

So for the first quotation, this ""An intelligent boy!" said Scrooge.

"A remarkable boy!"" You could have said that this really shows his transformation because in Stave 1 we saw his interaction with the caroler boy and we saw him seize a ruler and threaten the caroler boy in the most aggressive manner.

Whereas here, he's actually celebrating the child and being really kind to him.

So here we see that transformation quite starkly.

Now the second quotation, ""Allow me to ask your pardon.

And he will have the goodness."" And then hear Scrooge whispered in the charity men's ear.

Now the fact that Scrooge whispers, I think, is really significant because it shows that he's donating for the right reasons, not for recognition.

And I think that Dickens deliberately doesn't tell us how much donated because he's trying to show his audience and his reader that actually any amount of donation would have been a grand gesture, especially for Scrooge who used to donate nothing.

So the fact that he's donating anything, regardless of the amount, is actually a really positive thing.

Now, I also think that Dickens doesn't tell us how much screws donates, because he wants his readers, regardless of how wealthy they are, to just donate what they can.

So if we imagine that Scrooge donated, I don't know, 60 pounds, which would've been an awful lot of money in the Victorian era, Dickens doesn't want readers who perhaps don't have 60 pounds to be put off from donating.

So he deliberately doesn't tell us how much Scrooge donates to make the suggestion that actually any amount is a really grand gesture.

Now in terms of this third quote, ""Where is he, my love?" said Scrooge." And this is to Fred's wife.

We see here Scrooge valuing family and even though he's not directly related to Fred's wife, he's still treating her like family.

So again, here we see Scrooge starting to value human connection and starting to recognise the importance of being there for one's family, whether they're actual family by blood or not.

Next, we've got this quotation ""and therefore I'm about to raise your salary! And merry Christmas Bob!"" And again, this really contrasts with Stave 1 moments between Bob and Scrooge, where Scrooge is really aggressive to Bob and threatens his job.

And we now see as Scrooge as an employer who is philanthropic and charitable and who takes his duty of care for his employees really seriously.

And then finally, and possibly one of my favourite transformations, is in the way that Scrooge kind of adopts Tiny Tim because we're told that he became like a second father to a Tiny Tim.

And in fact he becomes like a pillar of his community because he became as good a friend, as good a master, and as good a man as the good old city new.

So here we see that scrooge's reputation in the community has really changed, because in Stave 1 Scrooge was somebody that people avoided.

If you remember, we had the blind men's dogs avoiding him, the beggars not asking him to bestow a trifle.

And yet here we have Scrooge as a pillar of his community, somebody that people go to for support, somebody that people look up to as an inspiration.

So again, it's really lovely to see here, and here Dickens is really epitomising Scrooge's transformation and showing us how much of a positive change he has made.

So well done if you've got any of those ideas.

Really good work.

So to summarise our learning from Stave 5: The Change in Scrooge, in Stave 5 we see Scrooge absolutely brimming with positivity and newfound moral purpose.

Now we see Scrooge making several redemptive gestures of goodwill, and that shows that he is that transformed character.

In Stave 5 we see Scrooge as liberated from his emotional repression and overwhelmed with newfound positive emotions.

In Stave 5 we see Dickens uses a list of similes to describe Scrooge, and again, this contrasts with the similes that he used to describe Scrooge in Stave 1.

And that shows Scrooge's positive character development over the course of the novella.

Dickens uses superlatives to create a hyperbolic description of Scrooge to show how merry he is and the transformation that he has undergone.

And finally, Scrooge has gone from being the object of disdain, fear, and hatred in society, to being the pillar of his local community, very wholesome.

Thank you for coming to today's lesson and I'm hoping that you enjoyed reading the end of the novella as much as I love it, because I think it's fantastic.

Thank you for all your contributions and I look forward to seeing you next time.

See you later.