Hi, my name is Miss Minton, and welcome to this lesson on the crucifixion of Jesus.

Now, by the end of this lesson, you'll be able to explain Christian beliefs surrounding Jesus's crucifixion, and the importance and influence of these beliefs.

Now, some of our learning will be new to you today, but we'll also be drawing upon knowledge of Jesus as the Son of God and Jesus as the incarnation of God.

So let's get started by taking a look at our keywords.

We have atonement, betrayal and betrayed, crucifixion, disciples, and salvation.

Now, the word atonement refers to the belief that reconciliation between God and humanity was bought about by the death of Jesus as a sacrifice.

The words betrayal and betrayed refer to breaking a person's trust or their confidence.

Crucifixion refers to the death of Jesus, and it's a form of death penalty that was used by the Romans.

The word disciples refers to followers of Jesus.

And the word disciples is commonly used to refer to 12 chosen followers of Jesus during his lifetime.

And finally, the word salvation means to be saved.

And in Christianity, salvation is the belief that through God's grace, Jesus' death and resurrection that has brought about salvation for humanity.

Now, our lesson today will have three parts.

We'll start by looking at the betrayal of Jesus and the Last Supper.

We will then look at the crucifixion of Jesus.

And then finally, we'll look at the importance and influence of the crucifixion.

So let's get started and have a look at the betrayal of Jesus and the Last Supper.

So to get started, I'd like you to have a think about what you already know about Jesus.

So pause the video and either have a think to yourself or talk to a partner.

Off you go.

So as part of your thinking time or your discussion, you may have identified that you are aware that Jesus was a Jewish man born in Bethlehem, or that he was an influential leader and teacher, or you may have identified some beliefs that you are already aware of within Christianity such as that many Christians believe Jesus is the son of God, or that many Christians believe Jesus is the second person of the Trinity.

Now, we've identified that Jesus was a Jewish man born in Bethlehem.

Now, during the time and the place that Jesus lived, many people like Jesus were Jewish.

Some people who were Jewish followed Jesus, and they listened to his teachings and they were inspired by his actions.

And this includes some of Jesus's closest followers who were known as the 12 disciples.

Now, although Jesus had many followers, there were also people who didn't really like Jesus and didn't agree with the things that he was saying.

So other people at the time of Jesus actually felt that Jesus' teachings and claims that he was the son of God were blasphemy.

So he was speaking inappropriately and disrespectfully against God.

Now, Jewish religious leaders at the time actually called for Jesus to be arrested for committing blasphemy, because they felt that what Jesus was doing was an extremely serious offence against their beliefs.

And one of Jesus's disciples actually helped with this.

And this was Judas.

And Judas betrayed Jesus and helped the authorities arrest Jesus.

Now, I'd like you to pause the video and either talk to a partner, talk to me, or have a think to yourself.

How is this betrayal? So how is what Judas did classed as a betrayal? Off you go.

So this can be seen as a betrayal because Jesus's disciples were his closest followers, and Judas was one of those followers.

They weren't people who should have wanted to have Jesus arrested.

So what Judas did in helping the Jewish authorities is seen as a betrayal against Jesus.

Now, the Gospel of Luke actually describes the events of this betrayal.

And Luke 22:3-6 says this, "Then Satan entered Judas, called Iscariot, one of the Twelve.

And Judas went to the chief of priests and the officers of the temple guard and discussed with them how he might betray Jesus.

They were delighted and agreed to give him money.

He consented, and watched for an opportunity to hand Jesus over to them when no crowd was present." Now, I'd like you to pause the video and either talk to a partner, talk to me, or have a think to yourself about the following questions.

According to this passage, what did Judas agree to do? And what did the authorities offer him in return? Off you go.

So according to this passage, Judas agreed to betray Jesus by agreeing to hand him over to the Jewish authorities.

And in return, Judas was promised money.

So let's check your understanding.

Which one of the disciples agreed to help the Jewish authorities arrest Jesus? A, Matthew, B, James, C, Philip, or D, Judas? Fantastic.

The correct answer is D.

It was Judas who agreed to help the Jewish authorities arrest Jesus.

Well done.

Now, on the screen, you can see two images.

I would like you to pause the video and either have a think to yourself or talk to a partner about what story these images are telling.

Off you go.

Well done for identifying that these images, these pieces of artwork, are depicting the Last Supper, which was the final meal that Jesus shared with his disciples.

Now, what you might not have known is that during the Last Supper, Jesus and his disciples were actually celebrating the Jewish Festival of Passover because remember, Jesus was Jewish.

Now, during this meal, Jesus made it clear to his disciples that he knew he was about to be betrayed.

And we find this in the Gospel of Luke 22:14-16 which says this, "When the hour came, Jesus and his apostles reclined at the table.

And he said to them, 'I have eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer.

For I tell you, I will not eat again until it finds fulfilment in the kingdom of God.

'" Now, I'd like you to pause the video and either talk to a partner, talk to me, or have a think to yourself.

How might Christians interpret this passage from the Gospel of Luke as Jesus knowing that he was going to be betrayed? Off you go.

So in this passage, Jesus says that he wants to share this meal with his disciples before he suffers.

And that indicates that Jesus knew he was about to be arrested and punished.

And actually, if we were to read a little bit further on into the Gospel of Luke, we would find in Luke 2:21, Jesus actually explicitly says that he knows one of his disciples will betray him.

Now that Jesus had made it clear that he knew this would be the last meal he would share with his disciples, he then told his disciples how they should remember him when he's gone.

And the Gospel of Luke describes Jesus doing and saying this, "And then he took bread and gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, 'this is my body given for you; do this in remembrance of me.

' In the same way, after the supper, he took a cup saying, 'this cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.

'" Now, I'd like you to pause the video and either talk to a partner, talk to me, or have a think to yourself.

What does Jesus say that his disciples should do in order to remember him? Off you go.

Now, in this passage, Jesus says that his disciples should use bread and a cup, which many Christians have interpreted as containing wine to remember him.

I'd now like you to pause the video again, but this time, I'd like you to talk to a partner, have a think to yourself or talk to me about what Jesus says these items represent.

Off you go.

So Jesus says that the bread is his body, and the cup, which many Christians interpret as containing wine, is his blood.

So let's check your understanding.

During what event did Jesus instruct his disciples to remember him using bread and a cup of wine? A, The Last Supper, B, The Last Lunch, C, The Last Meal, or D, The Last Dinner.

Fantastic.

The correct answer is A, Jesus instructed his disciples to remember him during the Last Supper.

Well done.

It's now time for you to have a go at a task.

I would like you to use this image as a prompt to write a paragraph explaining the events of the Last Supper.

And I'd like you to include these details in your answer, a reference to the Festival of Passover, the key word "betrayal", and a source of authority.

So pause the video and have a go.

Well done for your work during that task.

So you were asked to use the image as a prompt to write a paragraph explaining the events of the Last Supper.

And you were asked to include a reference to the festival of Passover, the key word "betrayal", and a source of authority.

And your response might be similar to this.

The Last Supper was Jesus' final meal with his disciples.

This meal took place because Jesus and his disciples were celebrating the Jewish festival of Passover.

During the Last Supper, Jesus said that he knew there would be a betrayal, and tells his disciples how they should remember him once he is gone.

The Gospel of Luke describes Jesus as taking bread and a cup and telling his disciples that the bread is his body and the contents of the cup is his blood.

So well done for your work during that task, explaining the events of the Last Supper and including a reference to Passover, the keyword "betrayal", and a source of authority.

Let's now move on to the second part of our lesson and look at the crucifixion of Jesus.

So after the Last Supper had taken place, Judas betrayed Jesus by identifying him to the authorities.

So he showed the authorities who Jesus was.

The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke say that Judas identified Jesus with a kiss.

So a kiss was how he showed the authorities who Jesus was.

The Gospel of John describes Judas' betrayal a bit differently, and it says that Judas actually led the authorities up to Jesus.

But in all four Gospels, the identification of Jesus led to Jesus being arrested.

Now, after Jesus was arrested, he was presented for trial.

And this is so it could be decided what punishment Jesus would receive.

And Jesus was presented for trial to Pontius Pilate, who was the Roman governor at the time.

And Pilate sentenced Jesus to crucifixion at the request of the crowd who were watching the trial.

Now, after Jesus was sentenced to crucifixion, the Gospels describe Jesus as being mocked and made fun of.

The Gospels say that Jesus was forced to carry his own cross, and that he was crowned with a crown of thorns in order to mock him and make fun of him.

So let's check your understanding so far.

What punishment did Jesus receive when he was presented to Pontius Pilate? A, beheading B, crucifixion, C, imprisonment, or D, stoning? Fantastic.

Jesus received the punishment of crucifixion when he was presented for trial to Pontius Pilate.

Now, all four of the Gospels describe Jesus as being put on the cross to die the day after the Last Supper.

But each of the Gospels describe the events of this in slightly different ways.

The Gospels of Matthew, mark, and Luke have the most similarities.

Now, the Gospels of Matthew and Mark describe Jesus' death in a very similar way, and we're going to look at a passage from the Gospel of Matthew that describes the events of Jesus' death.

Matthew chapter 27:45-46 says this, "From noon until three in the afternoon darkness came all over the land.

About three in the afternoon, Jesus cried out in a loud voice, 'Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?' which means, 'My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?'" Now like you to pause the video and either talk to a partner, talk to me, or have a think to yourself, how does this passage describe Jesus' crucifixion? Off you go.

So this passage describes the land where Jesus was being crucified as going dark.

And it describes Jesus crying out during his crucifixion.

Now, I'd like you to pause the video again, but this time, I'd like you to talk to a partner or have a think to yourself about what do you think Jesus meant when he asked why God had forsaken him? Off you go.

So the word forsaken means abandoned or deserted.

So Jesus was asking God, why had God abandoned him? Why had God deserted him? I'd now like you to pause the video again and I'd like you to discuss how might Christians interpret Jesus crying out in this way? So how might Christians interpret Jesus asking why God had forsaken him? So pause the video and either talk to a partner or have a think to yourself.

Off you go.

So many Christians actually interpret Jesus crying out in this way as showing that he was both physically and emotionally exhausted from this experience.

Now, another similarity about the description of Jesus' death in the Gospels of Matthew and Mark is that both describe the curtain of the temple being torn into two pieces from the top to the bottom at the moment that Jesus died.

Now this is a really significant detail in the story of Jesus' death, and that's because it wouldn't have been possible for a human to tear the curtain from the top to the bottom, and therefore it must have been an act of God.

Now, many Christians interpret this tearing of the curtain as an act of God that shows that Jesus was the son of God, and that Jesus died so that the sins of humanity could be forgiven, and this makes salvation and atonement possible.

So let's check your understanding.

True or false.

The Gospel of Matthew and Mark are similar in their descriptions of Jesus' death.

That statement is true.

Fantastic.

But why is that statement true? Well, it's because the Gospels of Matthew and Mark both describe the land going dark, Jesus crying out, and they both describe the curtain tearing in two from the top to the bottom.

So WelL done for identifying that that statement is true and for identifying the reason why.

Now, the Gospel of Luke also describes Jesus' crucifixion in a similar way to Matthew and Mark, particularly the land going dark and the curtain of the temple tearing.

However, the Gospel of Luke describes the words that Jesus said on the cross differently from the Gospels of Matthew and Mark.

According to the Gospel of Luke 22:44-46, this is what happened when Jesus was on the cross.

"It was now about noon, and the darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon, for the sun had stopped shining.

And the curtain of the temple was torn in two.

Jesus called out with a loud voice, 'Father, into your hands I commit my spirit.

' When he had said this, he breathed his last." I'd now like you to pause the video and either talk to a partner, talk to me, or have a think to yourself about the following questions.

According to this passage, what did Jesus say when he died? And how might this lead to a different interpretation of Jesus' death? Off you go.

So this passage says that Jesus said, "Father, into your hands I commit my spirit." And that might be interpreted as suggesting that Jesus willingly gave himself up as a sacrifice for humanity's sins rather than questioning whether or not God had abandoned him.

Now, although there are differences in the details of Jesus's crucifixion across the four Gospels, most Christians agree that when Jesus was crucified, he saved humans from the consequence of sin.

And most Christians believe that Jesus's crucifixion was the ultimate sacrifice, so he gave up his life for other people, and that Jesus paid the price for the sins of humanity, so his death acted as a ransom.

And this leads to a belief held by many Christians that Jesus' crucifixion leads to the possibility of eternal life in heaven.

So it leads to the possibility of salvation.

So let's check your understanding.

Despite the differences between the Gospel accounts, most Christians agree that Jesus died on the cross so that humans could, A, have the possibility of salvation, B, sin without consequences, C, live in fear of God's power, or D, have confirmation of eternal life in hell.

Fantastic.

The correct answer is A, most Christians agree that Jesus' death on the cross gives humans the possibility of salvation.

Well done.

It's now time for you to have a go at a task.

Aisha has completed the first part of a paragraph responding to this task.

Explain two Christian beliefs about the crucifixion of Jesus.

Aisha says, one Christian belief about the crucifixion of Jesus is that Jesus cried out when he died.

Many Christians interpret this as showing that Jesus felt pain and exhaustion during his crucifixion up until he died.

Now, I would like you to complete the second paragraph to this task.

And in your paragraph, I would like you to name a source of authority and apply it to the crucifixion in relation to the point that you give.

So pause the video and have a go.

well done for your work during that task.

So you were asked to complete a second paragraph responding to this task, explain two Christian beliefs about the crucifixion of Jesus.

You were also asked to name a source of authority and apply that to the crucifixion in relation to the point that you give.

Now, your response might be similar to this.

Another belief about the crucifixion of Jesus is that Jesus committed himself to God.

This is supported by the Gospel of Luke, which describes Jesus telling God the Father, that he commits his spirit to him immediately before he died.

This can be interpreted to show that Jesus willingly gave himself to God the Father for the salvation and atonement of humans.

Now, what you can see from my answer is that the source of authority I've used is the Gospel of Luke.

You may have used a different source of authority, and that's absolutely fine.

You can also see that I've then applied this to the crucifixion in relation to the point that I've given, and I've done this by saying how this source of authority can be interpreted to show that Jesus committed himself to God, which was my point.

Now, your application might look slightly different if you've used a different source of authority, and that's absolutely fine as well.

So well done again for your work during that task.

Let's now move on to the final part of our lesson, which is to look at the importance and influence of the crucifixion.

Jacob and Sam are discussing the importance of beliefs about the crucifixion of Jesus.

Jacob says, I think that this belief is important for Christians because it reminds them that God is just, so it reminds them that God is fair.

Sam says, I think this belief is important because it provides Christians with hope of life in heaven through Jesus' sacrifice.

Now, I'd like you to pause the video and either talk to a partner, talk to me, or have a think to yourself.

Why do you think beliefs about the crucifixion of Jesus are important for Christians? Off you go.

So as part of your thinking time or your discussion, you may have considered that this belief is important because it shows that God is omni-benevolent.

And this is something that's highlighted in the Gospel of John 3:16, which says, "For God's soul of the world that he gave his one and only Son." So this highlights God's omni-benevolence, God's love for humanity.

You may have also considered that it's important because it means humans can relate to Jesus through his suffering and they can feel closer to God during difficult times because of this.

You also may have considered that the belief in the crucifixion supports the beliefs in salvation and atonement.

Now, another reason that the crucifixion of Jesus is important is because many Christians believe that it fulfils Old Testament prophecies, and it's part of the fulfilment of God's plan for salvation, so it's part of God's plan to save humanity.

Many Christians believe that Jesus takes away the need for rituals that were used in the Old Testament.

And an example of a ritual used in the Old Testament that Jesus has taken away the need for is when people used to send a goat into the wilderness, metaphorically carrying the sins of humans on its back.

And Jesus takes away the need for rituals like that because Jesus takes away the sins of humanity.

Many Christians also believe that Jesus fulfils Isaiah's prophecy of the suffering servant, and that Jesus is this suffering servant who's described that's come to serve God and love God, but suffer for the sins of humanity.

So let's check your understanding.

Give one reason why the belief in the crucifixion of Jesus is important for Christians.

A, it provides confirmation that death is the end.

B, it shows that Jesus did not suffer.

C, it shows that good cannot overcome evil.

Or D, it supports the belief in salvation and atonement.

Fantastic.

The correct answer is D.

One reason why the belief in the crucifixion is important for Christians is that it supports the belief in salvation and atonement.

Well done.

Now, when beliefs are important to people, they often influence how they think, behave, and act.

Now we've seen that the crucifixion is a belief that's important for many Christians.

And Asher, who is a Pentecostal Christian, explains how his belief in the crucifixion influences him.

Asher says, I believe that Jesus's crucifixion was the ultimate sacrifice to pay the price for the sins of humanity, and allow humans to have the possibility of life in heaven.

This belief provides me with comfort because I know that my faith in Jesus as the Saviour gives me the possibility of salvation leading to eternal life in heaven.

So Asher has shown us one way the belief in the crucifixion might influence Christians.

Now, I'd like you to pause the video and either talk to a partner, talk to me, or have a think to yourself about how else beliefs about the crucifixion can influence Christians.

Off you go.

So as part of your thinking time or your discussion, you may have considered that the belief in Jesus' crucifixion might provide comfort for Christians during suffering because they know that Jesus also endured suffering, so it helps them feel like they're not alone.

You may have also considered that some Christians might actually wear a cross as a symbol of the crucifixion.

Some Christians might wear what we call a crucifix, which is a cross with Jesus' body on.

You might have considered that many Christians commemorate the crucifixion of Jesus on Good Friday, which is the Friday before Easter Sunday, and that it may encourage Christians to forgive other people, but also repent for their own sins, so say that they're sorry for any sins that they've committed.

Now, Danielle, who is a Roman Catholic, explains how the crucifixion of Jesus influences her to repent for her sins.

And she says this, I believe that the crucifixion provides me with the chance for atonement and salvation.

For this reason, I regularly confess my sins to God through my priest and ask for forgiveness because I want to show God that I'm grateful for the gift of salvation and maintain my relationship with God.

So let's check your understanding.

True or false.

Christian beliefs about the crucifixion only influence Christians to seek forgiveness For themselves.

Fantastic.

That statement is false.

But why is that statement false? Well, it's because beliefs about the crucifixion can influence Christians to show forgiveness to others as well as seeking forgiveness for themselves.

And this is because many Christians believe that they should show other people the same mercy that God shows them through the crucifixion of Jesus.

So well done for identifying that that statement is false, and for identifying why.

It's now time for you to have a go at a task.

I would like you to respond to the following statement by offering a reasoned argument that supports the statement, and refer to a Christian teaching that supports the argument that you give.

Now the statement is that the crucifixion of Jesus is the most important belief for Christians.

Now, if you were completing the full response to this statement, you would evaluate that statement by giving reference to a Christian teaching, reasoned arguments to support the statement, reasoned arguments to support a different point of view, and a justified conclusion.

But for the purpose of this task, I would like you to focus on referring to Christian teaching and giving a reasoned argument to support the statement.

So pause the video and have a go.

Well done for your work during that task.

So you were asked to respond to the statement that the crucifixion is the most important belief for Christians by referring to Christian teaching and giving a reasoned argument to support the statement.

Your response might be similar to this.

The crucifixion is the most important belief for Christians because it shows God's love for humanity.

This is highlighted in the Gospel of John, which says that God loved the world so much that he gave his only son.

Many Christians believe that this teaching shows that Jesus crucifixion is the ultimate sacrifice and a sign of God's love.

This shows that the crucifixion is the most important belief for understanding the love that God has for humans and the gift of salvation.

So well done for your work on that task responding to the statement with a Christian teaching and a reasoned argument to support the statement.

We've now reached the end of our lesson on the crucifixion of Jesus.

But before we finish, let's take a look at some of the key things that we've learned today.

So we've learned that many people living in the time and place of Jesus, including Jesus himself, were Jewish, and that Jesus was accused of blasphemy for claiming to be the son of God.

We've also learned that the Last Supper was Jesus' final Passover meal with his disciples.

And that following the Last Supper, Judas betrayed Jesus, which led to his arrest and his crucifixion.

We've also learned that the crucifixion was a death penalty that was used by the Romans, and it refers to Jesus' death on the cross following his betrayal.

And that the Gospels record Jesus's crucifixion with some differences, but all of them confirm that Jesus died on the cross.

We've also learned that most Christians believe that Jesus' death was a sacrifice which led to salvation and atonement, and that the belief in Jesus's crucifixion influences Christians today by encouraging forgiveness and giving hope in eternal life.

So well done again for all of your work today.

It's been wonderful learning with you.