Hello there, scholars of religion.

My name is Ms. Marx, and I'm going to be your religious education teacher today.

Today we're going to be doing about Muslim beliefs about the Last Day, resurrection, and judgement.

And in this lesson, we will talk about ideas around death, resurrection, and the end of the world.

So if you're ready for that, let's go.

So by the end of this lesson, you will be able to explain what Muslim beliefs are about the Last Day, resurrection, and judgement , and their importance.

So let's start with our key terms. Akhirah, beliefs about life after death in Islam.

Israfil, the angel who will sound the trumpet announcing the Last Day.

Mount Arafat, an important site near Makkah in Saudi Arabia.

Resurrection, a belief in rising from the dead for judgement.

And the Last Day, a time at the end of the world when the dead will be raised and on a later day, judged.

So our lesson today will have two sections, "Beliefs about the Last Day and resurrection," and "The importance of beliefs about the Last Day." And our first section is beliefs about the Last Day and resurrection.

If you could weigh up all of your good actions against all of your bad actions in life, would one side be heavier than the other? Have a think about this.

Pause the video and we'll see what you've come up with in a moment.

Well, many Muslims believe that all of their actions will be weighed up like this on the Day of Judgement.

So all the good things that they've done will be weighed up and all the bad things that they've done will be decided from which side is heavier, where people might go for their eternal life.

The Day of Judgement comes after the last day.

Teachings and beliefs about life after death in Islam are known as akhirah.

And this comes from Arabic.

And we can see the word here, akhirah.

And in Arabic, you can look to the root word of words to see what they really mean.

And akhirah has the root word, akhar, which means last or end.

So we know that beliefs about life after death are to do with when the world ends and when people's lives end.

Beliefs about the Last Day, resurrection, and judgement , are part of wider beliefs about life after death known as akhirah.

So this is one part we're thinking about today, but there are more beliefs about life after death in Islam.

Beliefs about the Last Day, resurrection, and judgement and life after death, are in both the six articles of faith and the five roots of Usul ad-Din.

So these are two sets of, like, important beliefs that are held within Sunni Islam and Shia Islam.

And both of them include beliefs about the Last Day, resurrection, and life after death.

So we know this is a really super important belief within Islam.

In the five roots Usul ad-Din, this is often known as Mi'ad.

Teachings from Muslim sources of authority about the Last Day and resurrection include, the Angel Israfil will blow a trumpet showing it is the Last Day.

So before the Last Day happens, and the resurrection, and all of the judgement , this will be announced by the Angel Israfil.

And there are sources in Islam that suggest the angel is, like, waiting with the trumpet, waiting for that moment for when Allah decides it will be the Last Day.

So it's not the angel who decides that.

Then after that, everyone will be resurrected.

So all the living and then all the dead will be resurrected together.

And tradition states they'll be gathered on the plane of Mount Arafat.

The Mount Arafat is close to the city of Makkah in Saudi Arabia, and it's in lots of important teachings and practises within Islam.

And this is the site where many Muslims believe that Ibrahim, the prophet, was asked to sacrifice his son, if you know the story of Ibrahim.

And then Mount Arafat is also plays an important part in the Hajj ritual.

So we know it's a really important place within Islam.

And the belief is that this is where the resurrector will be gathered and they'll be waiting there on the plane of Mount Arafat.

And then after this, when it is judgement , every person will be handed their book of deeds and they'll have to read from it.

They're gonna have to make account for the actions that they've done.

And their book of deeds might be more weighted towards good deeds or bad deeds.

So that book of deeds is very important.

And you might know other Muslim beliefs about angels recording those deeds.

So every action that someone has done has been recorded in that book by the angels who are around humans at all times watching.

Now, Muslim teachings are that there will be a physical bodily resurrection.

So why might a Muslim believe this? Well, if Allah created all of life from nothing, the very beginning of the universe, then Allah is all powerful and can resurrect all people physically no matter what state their bodies may be in.

Allah is omnipotent, all powerful, so able to resurrect everyone.

And one of the 99 names of Allah is al-Muyhee, which means the "giver of life." And so we know that in Islam, the idea that Allah has given life and can re-give life to the bodies that are resurrected also is possible.

Let's do a quick check.

Which of these events do Muslim believe will happen first as part of the Last Day and resurrection? Pause the video and have a think, and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done.

Yes, the Angel Israfil will sound the trumpet.

And remember, he doesn't decide when to do it.

He's gonna be told by Allah when to sound the trumpet to herald and announce that the Last Day is here.

So we said that Muslim teachings support these different beliefs.

So let's go to the Quran as a really important source of authority in Islam, and see what it says about the Last Day and resurrection.

And we have here a passage from Surah 36.

It says, "The trumpet will be blown, and then behold, they will rush from the tombs to their Lord.

They will say 'Woe to us! Who resurrected us from our resting place?'" So what could that passage show us, about Muslim beliefs, to do with the Last Day and resurrection? Pause the video and have another read through of it and see what you can find.

You could talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Yeah, we've got here that "A trumpet will be blown to announce the resurrection." And "Everyone will be returned to Allah, their creator." So this phrase about the trumpet being blown, and that would be Angel Israfil.

And then also "Everyone's gonna be returned." So it does sound like a very physical resurrection here, doesn't it? They're going to rush from their tombs and they were resting there waiting for this day.

Another passage from the Quran which supports these beliefs is in Surah 101.

Let's have a read.

"As for he whose scales are heavy, he will be in a pleasant life.

But as for he whose scales are light, his home is the abyss or hell." Now what could that show us about beliefs in Islam about the afterlife? Pause the video again, have another read through, and talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

So this passage has the phrase "scales," as we spoke about at the beginning of the lesson.

And that these scales will be weighed for the actions that people have done.

And so this is suggesting that a heavier scale towards the good deeds that someone has done, so the right actions.

Whereas, if it's a lighter, that might mean that they've done worse actions and bad actions.

And so those who've done more good actions than bad actions will have a pleasant life.

And so this implies they're going towards heaven or some paradise, whereas those whose scales are not weighted towards good actions are going to have their home, they're gonna go and be in the abyss, which is hell.

So we've got here, "Allah will judge all people depending on their actions," because the scales are going to judge where they're going to go.

And "People will either have a pleasant life or go to the abyss, which is hell." So Sofia and Andeep are discussing how these sources of authority might support belief in the Last Day.

Sofia says, "A Muslim might believe that Israfil will blow a trumpet to show the Last Day for when everyone is resurrected because in the Quran it says, 'The trumpet will be blown, they will rush from their tombs to their Lord.

'" So here, Sofia has linked that Quran passage to the belief about the trumpet and Israfil blowing it to announce the Last Day.

And what I really like about what Sofia has done here is she said where the source is from.

And Andeep says, "A Muslim might believe that their actions will be judged after they've been resurrected because it says in the Quran, 'He who scales are heavy will be in a pleasant life.

'" So here, Andeep has linked the Quran, and again he's said where it's come from, to this belief about judgement because of the scales, and then the judgement as to where someone's going to go for the afterlife.

Well done Sofia and Andeep.

So another section of the Quran that can help us think about Muslim beliefs about the Last Day and resurrection is found in Surah 17.

It's quite a long section from lines 49 to 72.

But I've chosen here some passages that could really help us think about what Muslims believe to do the Last Day and resurrection, and how this could be used as a source of authority to support that.

And the first two of these are kind of like a conversation where people are questioning and wondering about, "Well, how can it be a physical bodily resurrection if everyone's bodies are in the ground and decomposing?" So the first one says this, "And they say, 'When we become bones and fragments, shall we really be resurrected as a new creation?' Say, 'Even if you become rocks or iron.

'" And then secondly, there's a question.

"And then they will say, 'Who will restore us?' Say, "The one who originated you the first time.

' And then they will nod their heads at you and say, 'When will it be?' Say, "Perhaps it will be soon.

'" And finally, "Your Lord knows you best.

If He wills, He will have mercy on you, and if He wills, He will punish you." So have a look at these passages and think about how they could support beliefs to do with the Last Day and resurrection.

Pause the video and have a think, and we'll see what you come up with in a moment.

Well, in this first section where we have this kind of question being asked about how could it be a physical bodily resurrection, then the Quran reminds the reader that actually if Allah originated all of life in the first place, then this won't be a problem for Allah, will it? Allah is all powerful.

Even if people have become rocks and iron and have literally decomposed down to nothing, they will be resurrected as a new creation.

In the second one I've highlighted here, or who's going to do it, it's going to be the one.

And the one really links clearly as well to that belief in Tawheed or the oneness of Allah.

And that really links the idea of God being all powerful, and the one who is omnipotent and able to do this.

And then we have at the end of that passage, "When will it be?" "Perhaps it will be soon." So nobody knows the hour that it's going to happen.

Nobody knows.

It could be soon.

Get ready.

And if you remember I said about Angel Israfil being there ready to blow the trumpet, Angel Israfil will not decide when to blow the trumpet, will be told by Allah.

And then finally, we have here, "Your Lord knows you best.

If He wills, He will have mercy in you, and if He wills, He will punish you." So this links the idea of that judgement that people are going to be facing, and it's all down to Allah's will what's going to happen to people for eternal life, which again links back to that idea of omnipotence.

So let's do another check.

Is this true or false? "Most Muslims believe that the soul of a person is resurrected and not their body.

Is that true or false? Pause the video and have a think, and we'll see what you've come up with in a moment.

Well, that's false.

But why? Well, Muslims believe that the body will be resurrected as well as the soul, as Allah is omnipotent, and the Quran states that this will happen.

So Muslims believe it will be a bodily resurrection that we might not fully understand how, but then God is all powerful and can do that.

So let's do a practise task to see what we've learned.

You are going to explain two Muslim beliefs about the Last Day and resurrection, and refer to sacred writings or another source of Muslim belief and teaching in your answer.

We've had quite a few in this lesson, haven't we? And because this is an explained question, you're not going to just state it, you're actually going to develop it.

You might say "This means that.

." Or "This is because.

." And the structure you can use is, a point that you then develop, and a second point that you then develop.

But make sure for one of them, you name a relevant source, and explain what it teaches and link it to your point.

And it could be a quotation, a belief, or a general teaching.

So off you go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

So I asked you to explain two Muslim beliefs about the Last Day and resurrection, referring to a source of authority.

And we had quite a few already in this lesson you could have chosen from.

And your answer may look something like this.

"One belief about the Last Day and resurrection is that the Angel Israfil will blow a trumpet to announce the Last Day and the resurrection before it happens.

This means that Israfil is waiting for Allah to declare that the Last Day has come." And what I've done here is given a point about Angel Israfil and the trumpet.

And then I've explained this and I've got that phrase, "This means that" to show that I'm developing it.

"Another belief about the Last Day and resurrection is that there'll be a bodily resurrection.

The Quran states that 'The one who had originated you the first time' will resurrect all dead bodies.

This means that Allah who's omnipotent will have the power to resurrect dead bodies for the resurrection and judgement ." And so in this part, I've given the source of authority as the Quran and I've said where it's from, "The Quran states." And then I've developed my point by saying "This means that" again.

Well done.

So onto our second section then, the importance of beliefs about the Last Day.

So how could beliefs about the Last Day, resurrection, and judgement influence a Muslim's beliefs, thoughts, and actions? Because we can see the importance of these beliefs when we look at how it influences the life of a Muslim.

And sometimes these are beliefs they might hold as well as thoughts and feelings they have, and actions and things they choose to do because of those beliefs.

And the Last Day, resurrection, and judgement are all really important beliefs in Islam as we've seen with the different quotes we've looked at from the Quran.

So how could these influence the thoughts, beliefs, and actions of a Muslim then? Well, a belief in the Last Day could also lead to a belief for a Muslim that Allah is in control.

And we'd said there that Israfil might be waiting with the trumpet, but it won't be until Allah decides that the Last Day will come.

And it's all part of the will of Allah.

So that could then mean that a Muslim feels or has the thought that they can trust Allah, and they feel that kind of comfort and thought that everything is part of the plan of Allah.

And then could that lead to actions such as praying to Allah? Because if God is in control of everything and God knows the day that it's going to happen, and perhaps Muslims are then going to pray to that God and be thinking about that in their prayers.

If you remember the passage wrote said, "It could be soon," then perhaps a Muslim wants to pray to Allah and be prepared and ready and waiting for that Last Day.

What about resurrection then? While a belief in the resurrection could influence a Muslim to believe there'll be a bodily resurrection, so there'll be that physical resurrection from an omnipotent God who's able to do this, now that could then influence a Muslim to feel less fear of death and be less worried about it.

So influencing their thoughts to not be too concerned with death or fearing it because there will be this resurrection after death.

And then that could lead to a Muslim to be able to support their friends.

If they have a friend who's lost a loved one or is going through a bereavement or a grief, then the beliefs about resurrection could influence a Muslim to support their friend more, talk to them and comfort them.

What about a belief in judgement ? How could that influence a Muslim's beliefs, thoughts, and actions? Well, when a Muslim believes there will be judgement , then they also believe their actions are going to be judged.

So the things that they do getting written down in the book of deeds, if you remember, will be judged and decided upon.

And then that could mean that they want to do more good deeds.

So influence their thoughts to want to do more good deeds and to actively think about "What's the good actions I could do in each circumstance?" That could lead to lots of different good deeds and actions that a Muslim might want to do.

And I put an example here of fasting and praying.

So doing those actions that are part of key Muslim practises which are going to help a Muslim to have more good actions than bad actions ready for judgement day.

So we've looked at quite a few passages from the Quran as a really important source of authority in Islam, particularly do with beliefs about the Last Day, resurrection, and judgement.

We can also look to the Hadith as another important source of authority within Islam.

And the Hadith are collections of sayings and narrations related to the Prophet Muhammad, and how he lived and what he did and what he said.

So that's another really helpful source of authority for us to go to when we're thinking about Muslim beliefs.

And today we're thinking about Last Day, resurrection, and judgement.

So here I've got Hadith where the Prophet Muhammad is reported to have said, "Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should not hurt his neighbour.

And whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should serve his guest generously.

And whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should speak what is good or keep silent." So in here we've got the Prophet Muhammad advising Muslims, well, how should that belief influence them? What should it cause them to do? And we have three things here that are mentioned.

So pause the video and see if you can find those three things and we'll see what you've come up with in a moment.

Yeah, so we've got here three things of not hurting, serving your guests, and speaking what is good.

The Prophet Muhammad here is encouraging Muslims to do these actions because of their belief in the Last Day and God.

So not hurting other people, serving other people, and speaking what is good.

So here we've got three really clear ways that the belief in the Last Day can influence a Muslim and show its importance.

Belief in the Last Day, resurrection, of judgement can influence many parts of the Muslim's life.

And we've spoken about quite a few already, and let's think about some more.

So for example, I've got here "Performing certain actions to gain forgiveness." So within Islam there's an idea that there are certain actions you could do.

And here I've got people partaking in the Hajj pilgrimage which can help them to gain forgiveness for some of those actions which would be weighting their scales the other way.

We've got "Following the instructions in the Quran." So reading the Quran to understand, "Well, what is the right actions I should be doing and how do I decide what the right thing is to do?" "Well, I'm gonna read the Quran as the holy revealed word of God and that's gonna help me understand what the right actions are." "Serving and not hurting others." So we just saw in that Hadith the idea of serving one another.

And so this is a good deed to do, is to help other people who are facing difficult times.

And here we've got someone who's serving, where people are refugees and having a really difficult time and he's helping them.

And he's not hurting them, he's helping them.

And then of course we have got "Praying." So not only praying in order to have good deeds and be doing good actions because prayer is something that's instructed to do in the Quran, but also in that prayer, asking for strength to make the right choices.

That kind of daily reminder to do the right thing and make the right choice.

Thinking about the Last Day and judgement , and which way people would like their scales to weigh.

Let's do another check.

"A belief in the Last Day could influence a Muslim to be generous towards their guests.

Is that true or false? Pause the video and have a think, and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

That is true.

Well done.

But why? Well, the Prophet Muhammad told Muslims to be generous with their guests, that they believe in Allah and the Last Day.

So they're gonna be following that instruction from the prophet Muhammad that we read in that Hadith.

So Sofia is now gonna talk to Iqbal about how beliefs in the Last Day influence him.

So remember, influence can be about thoughts, beliefs, and actions, and it shows that importance of the belief in the influence it has over him.

So Sofia asks, "How does a belief in the Last Day influence you, Iqbal?" And Iqbal says, "My belief in the Last Day influences me to want to have more good actions than bad actions in my record when I'm judged after it.

This means I pray every day and make sure I fast at the right time of year and in the right way.

I have taken a pilgrimage to Makkah, which will also help me gain forgiveness for my sins.

This will help me when I'm judged." So Iqbal here has told us lots of ways that the belief about the Last Day influences him showing its importance.

He wants to gather those good actions for the good side of his book, or for the scales to weigh towards good actions for that judgement day after the Last Day.

And he does this by praying and fasting, and he went on pilgrimage to Makkah too.

And he's hoping this will help him to gain forgiveness for those deeds he did which weren't so good.

And Andeep is asking Meyrem here how belief in the Last Day influences her.

So "How does a belief in the Last Day influence you, Meyrem?" And Meyrem says, "A belief in the Last Day comforts me because I know we'll be resurrected fully.

And this makes me hopeful that I'll see family members again who I miss.

Also, I know that angels will be with us, which means I'm less scared of what will happen.

Allah is all loving and so I hope Allah will be merciful to me and forgive any wrongdoings I may have done." So Meyrem here is really talking about these beliefs being a comfort to her.

So not only are these beliefs influencing her thinking about her judgement she's going to face, but she's comforted that she will hopefully see other people that she misses who've already passed on, and it makes her feel less scared.

She also links this to the idea of God being all loving and then she therefore hopes that she'll be forgiven.

So Meyrem and Iqbal have shown us that there's often more than one way that beliefs can influence a believer.

So let's together give one way that a belief in the Last Day might influence a Muslim.

"Feeling comfort about the afterlife." And we just saw that with Meyrem, didn't we? So that could be a way that a Muslim is influenced by the belief in the Last Day.

So over to you then.

Give another way that a belief in the Last Day might influence a Muslim.

Pause the video and have a go, and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Yeah, I've got here "Praying each day." That's a really clear way we could see that this belief could be influencing a Muslim.

You could have also said things like "going on pilgrimage" and "feeling less scared." Lots of those ideas we had from Meyrem and Iqbal there.

So time for another task then to see what we've learned.

You're going to explain two ways that beliefs about the Last Day may influence Muslims today.

And for this you're going to give a point and develop it twice.

And it's going to be an influence, so it could be a belief, a thought, or an action that is influenced because of this belief in the Last Day.

What difference does it make to the life of a Muslim? And because it's explained, remember we have to develop it.

So you might use a phrase like "This means that.

." Or "This is because.

." So the way you're going to do this is give one way beliefs about the Last Day can influence Muslims, and then explain how and why this could impact the life of a Muslim.

And then give another way that beliefs about the Last Day can influence Muslims. And then explain how and why this could impact the life of a Muslim.

And remember for this, you don't have to give a source of authority.

What matters is that you're explaining the influence.

So pause the video and have a go, and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done.

Some really good work there.

So I asked you to explain two ways that beliefs about the last Day could influence Muslims today.

And your response might be similar to this.

"Beliefs about the Last Day can influence Muslims by encouraging them to do more good actions.

This is because after the Last Day and resurrection, each person will be judged according to their actions.

By having more good actions, Muslims hope to be rewarded rather than punished." So here I've got my influence, which is "encouraging them to do more good actions." And then I've explained it with "This is because.

." Secondly, "Beliefs about the Last Day can also influence Muslims by comforting them that Allah is in control and has given angels roles to help humans through this time." Angel Israfil will announce the Last Day showing its all in Allah's control." So here, again, I've got the influence, which is that idea of comfort.

So a thought, a feeling of comfort that God is in control.

And then I've explained this by saying about Israfil blowing the trumpet for announcing the Last Day, showing it's all in Allah's control.

So well done for your work there.

So let's summarise everything we've learned today then.

"The Last Day: resurrection and judgement ." Beliefs about the afterlife in Islam are known as akhirah.

Muslims believe there'll be a Last Day when the world ends, and this will be announced by the Angel Israfil on a trumpet.

All the people who've lived and died will be bodily resurrected to the plane on Mount Arafat.

After the Last Day, all resurrected people will be handed their book of deeds showing if they've done more good or bad deeds.

And all people will then face a judgement from Allah.

The Quran and Hadith are sources of authority which support these beliefs.

And these beliefs will influence how Muslim may think, what they believe, and how they might act.

So well done for our work today, and I look forward to seeing you again soon.