Hello and welcome to today's lesson.

My name is Mrs. Mehrin and I'm so excited to be learning all about the position of shadows with you.

Welcome to today's lesson from the unit light and how it travels.

Your lesson outcome today is I can predict where a shadow will be cast in relation to the light source and the object.

Now, I know that learning can sometimes be a little bit challenging, but that's okay because that just means that we're going to be working really hard together, and we're going to be learning lots of fabulous new things.

Now let's begin with our first slide here, which is all about our keywords.

Now I am going to be referring it to these four keywords throughout today's lesson, so you don't need to write them down.

However, if you feel that it does help you to write them down, you can pop the video on pause now and do that.

Fabulous, and here are all of the definitions for those four keywords.

Again, I am going to refer to these throughout today's video.

But if you want to and it makes it easier, you can pause the video and write them down, and you can do that now.

Fabulous, well done.

Now, our lesson today's split up into two sections.

Let's begin with the first one.

The position of shadows.

Now these children are a little bit confused about shadows.

Now, Aisha says, "I think a shadow comes from a living thing and follows it around." Izzy says, "A shadow is kind of a reflection, so it has the same shape as the object." And Lucas said, "Shadows only occur during the day." Now think about what would you say to each of these children.

So I'd like you to pause the video here and just have a think about what you would say to each of these children about the statement that they have made about shadows.

I'd like you to pause the video now and have a go at doing that.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

So, a shadow is not part of a living thing.

It's made when light is stopped or blocked by an opaque object.

Now as long as there is a light source, shadows are cast.

So this means that shadows can be cast day or night, indoors and outdoors.

So here we have a picture of shadows in the daytime, and then we have a picture of shadows at night.

The shape of an opaque object blocking the light determines the shape of the shadow.

However, a is not a type of reflection.

So a shadow is a dark shape made when something blocks the light.

And a reflection occurs when light rays bounce off any surface.

So those are two things.

Now, true or false? Shadows only occur outside because they are caused when objects block light from the sun.

Is that true or is that false? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

But if you need longer, you can pause the video here.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

The answer is false.

Now let's see if you can justify your answer.

Is it because a, shadows can only occur inside when sunlight comes in through windows or open doors, or b, shadows can occur anywhere inside or outside as long as there is a light source? So again, I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

If you need longer, you can pause the video here.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

The answer is b, shadows can occur anywhere, inside or outside as long as there is a light source.

Now Lucas decides to draw a picture of where he thinks a shadow will be cast on the ground when his friend blocks light from the sun.

And here we have a picture of a scientist drawing ideas in a notebook.

Now drawing pictures and diagrams help scientists to share their ideas with other people.

And sometimes, scientific ideas can be incorrect, but this is all part of the process of learning.

Now, Lucas gathers his scientific ideas together.

And he says, "I know that there needs to be a light source and an object for a shadow to be cast.

I think shadows are cast in between the light source and the object, but I'm not sure." What do you think? Would you help Lucas here? What do you think is happening when there is a light source and an object and a shadow is being cast? I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer, but if you need longer to formulate your answer, that's absolutely fine.

You can pause the video here, come back when you are ready.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So Lucas draws what he thinks will happen when his friend blocks light from the sun.

Now, do you have any suggestions for Lucas in how he can correct his diagram? Again, I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

If you need longer, you can pause the video here.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

So let's have a look at this question.

Why do scientists draw pictures and diagrams? Is it because a, it's to create engaging presentations? Is it b, to help them relax before they meet other scientists? Or is it c, to share and explain their ideas? So again, I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

If you need longer, that's absolutely fine.

You can pause the video here and come back once you are ready.

Off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

The answer is it's to share and explain their ideas.

Now you are going to work with a partner to observe where shadows are cast.

So look carefully at the position of your light source and the object and discuss where you observe the shadow.

So try this in different positions with different objects.

So try moving your light source into a different place, moving your object into a different place as well.

And you could go outside on a sunny day, or you could stay inside in a darkened room, and you can use torches or lamps as a light sources.

It's up to you.

Now am going to give you some time now.

I'd like you to pause the video here, and I'd like you to have a go at that.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So a shadow is cast on the opposite side of the object where the light source has been blocked.

So if we look at this picture here, we can see that this child is making a shape on the rock.

So we've got the sun there, his body is the object.

Now his body is blocking the light from going through, and so, therefore, there is a shadow that is cast on the opposite side of him.

Now we are on to part two of our lesson today, which is predicting the position of shadows.

Now, shadows are formed because light travels in straight lines, and we know this from our previous learning that we've done.

So because light travels in straight line, it can't go around the objects, it gets blocked by the object, and, therefore, the shadows are then formed.

Now we can add arrows to show that a shadow will be cast on the opposite side of an object where the light has been blocked.

So like this diagram here, we've got the arrow, which is showing the direction of light and the position of the shadow.

Now, because light travels in straight lines, the position of a shadow depends on the position of the light source and the direction in which that light is going, is travelling.

Now, if the light source is towards the right of the object, its shadow is formed towards its left like in this picture here.

And if the light source is towards the top of the object, its shadow is formed at its bottom because again, it's in the opposite direction.

Now let's do a check of your learning so far.

What determines the position of a shadow? Is it the type of light source? Is it the position of the light source? or is c, see the strength of the light source? So again, I'll give you five seconds to think about your answer.

If you think you're going to need a little bit longer, that's fine.

You can pause the video here, and you can come back once you are ready.

Off you go.

Fabulous job, well done.

The answer is it's the position of the light source.

And that is what determines the position of shadow.

Now, Lucas wants to set up another inquiry into shadow position, and he has drawn a picture to show his prediction of where he thinks the shadow of an object will be cast.

So here, we have Lucas's drawing, his diagram, and he's drawn a torch, and the torch is travelling in the direction of the teddy, and then there is a shadow that is cast.

Now Lucas says, "The lamp is on the left of the object, so the shadow will be on the right of the object." What do you think of Lucas's prediction and why? So think about everything that we've learned and have a really good look at this diagram.

I'm gonna give you some time now.

I'd like you to pause the video so you can think about this really carefully and then come back once you're ready.

Off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So Jacob uses his straight arms to represent how light travels to help Lucas predict the position of shadows.

So Jake was saying, "When the light source is here," so where his arm is pointing up, "then the shadow is cast here," where his arm is pointing down.

And so he's saying, "When the light source is there, the shadow is going to be cast here." So Lucas is saying, "Okay, great.

So when the light source is here," where Lucas's arm is going up, "then the shadow is going to be cast here." And that's a great way to be able to show the position of a shadow.

So now Lucas realises that he's drawn his shadow in the wrong place.

So he adds lines to his drawing from the light to the bear and then beyond.

And this is really going to help Lucas now to be able to see exactly where that shadow should be.

And this going to help him to make a more accurate prediction of the position of the shadow in relation to the light source and the objects.

This is a fantastic way to do it.

Now he says, "I predict that the shadow will be cast between the lines I have added to my drawing." Now let's do a quick check of your learning so far.

And it says, which of these images shows the correct position of the shadow of the bag? So think about Lucas and what he did in order to create his prediction.

Think about what he did with his arms to help him.

And I want you to look at these diagrams really carefully.

Which one of these is showing the correct position of the shadow of the bag? So I'm gonna give you five seconds to think about your answer, but if you need longer and you want to have a really good look at these pictures, you can just pause the video here, and then you can come back once you have an answer.

Okay, off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

So the answer is a.

a is showing the correct position of the shadow of the bag.

So the shadow is in the opposite direction of the object, and the light source is coming towards the left and down.

And so the shadow is on the right and facing in the correct direction.

Okay, which of these is not a way that scientists use test results? Which of these is not a way that scientists use test results? Is it a, to set up further tests, b, to answer inquiry questions, c, to show how they set up the investigation, or d, to help them make new predictions? I'll give you five seconds to think about the answer, or if you need longer, that's fine.

You can pause the video here, and you can come back once you are ready.

Okay, off you go.

Fantastic, well done.

The answer is c, it's to show how they set up the investigation.

Now, I want you to have a go at task B.

It says look at the photographs of shadows on the next slide.

And I want you to use what you've learned about shadows to make a prediction about the position of the light source in each of the photographs.

Now, you could share your ideas with a partner and mark on the photographs where you predict the light source would be.

And I want you to write a sentence to explain why you think this is.

So here are your five pictures for task B.

So think really carefully, where is the light source? What do you know about the position of shadow based on the position of the light source? And I want you to just write a sentence about each of these to explain where this light source is.

Okay, so I want you to pause the video here, and I want you to have a go at that activity.

Now, if you need to remember what the activity said, you can just go back in this video, and you can have a look at the previous slide.

Okay, off you go.

Fabulous, well done.

So it says mark on the photographs where you predict the light source would be, and then write a sentence to explain why you think this is.

So on A, we can see that it is in the top-right corner there.

On B, it's the same, so on the top-right corner.

And so then you can see that the shadow is being created on the bottom-left corner on both A and on B.

On C, the light source is actually on the bottom right-hand side, and, therefore, the shadow is being, therefore, the shadow is positioned to the top left-hand side 'cause again, it's in the opposite direction.

On D, again, it's to the right at the top.

And so, therefore, the shadow is on the left to the bottom.

And on E, it's not exactly to the top, kind of to the side of the right, and, therefore, the shadow is also to the side of the left.

Now this person says, "I used my ruler to mark a line from the shadow, past the object casting the shadow to the other side because I know that they should be in a line." And again, that is such a fantastic way of being able to work out exactly where the position of that light source is, brilliant.

Now we are on to the summary of your learning for today.

And it says a shadow is made when light is blocked by an opaque object.

The position of a shadow depends upon the position of the light source.

A shadow will be cast on the opposite side of an object where the light source cannot shine.

And scientists make predictions and share their ideas with other people.

Now, you have worked so incredibly hard.

I am really proud of you.

I'm really proud of your hard work and your critical thinking.

And there's been lots of new information for you to learn, but you have done brilliantly, well done.