Lesson video

Hi there, welcome to your lesson.

Today's lesson is on the relationship between health and fitness.

My name's Ms. Hacking, and I'm really looking forward to being your teacher.

By the end of today's lesson, I'm hoping that we can all define health and fitness and understand the relationship between them.

So our key words today.

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Infirmity just means illness.

Fitness is the ability to meet or cope with the demands of the environment.

Physical health is all body systems working well, free from illness and injury and ability to carry out everyday tasks.

So an everyday task would be something like carrying the shopping in or walking up the stairs.

So if you didn't have terribly good physical health, you might struggle to do those everyday tasks.

Mental health means that a person can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.

And social health means basic human needs are being met, which is food, shelter, and clothing.

And the individual has friendship and support, some value in society is socially active and has a little stress in social circumstances.

Today's lesson is split into three parts.

In the first part, we are going to explain how good health can impact our fitness.

In the second part, we're going to explain how ill health can impact fitness.

And in the final part of today's lesson, we're going to identify the different components of fitness.

Let's get started.

So Jun said that being free of disease doesn't necessarily mean a person is truly healthy.

Do you agree with Jun or do you disagree with Jun? Yeah, I agree with Jun because health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

So just because you don't have a disease doesn't necessarily mean you are healthy.

Therefore, good health means that a person has positive, physical, emotional or mental, and social health and is free from disease.

So they've not just got good physical health, which is sometimes what we misunderstand that we just think that because we're physically healthy, that we are necessarily healthy.

But actually, we need to have good physical health, emotional mental health, and good social health too.

So our emotional and mental health relates to how well we feel, how well our mind feels.

So particularly when in times of stress or particularly in times of sadness, we might not have good mental health or good emotional health.

And social health refers to how well we interact with other people and the friendships that we make.

So for example, someone that sits at home all day and doesn't see anybody in person might not have very good social health.

Even though their physical and mental health might be okay, they might not have that many friendships or they might not have a value in society either.

So it is important that all three of those physical, emotional and mental and social health all are positive in order to have good health.

So let's have a go to check.

Someone who is free from disease definitely has good health.

Yeah, that's false.

Can you tell me why? Yeah, good health refers to a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing.

Being free from disease refers only to the physical wellbeing.

So well done if you've got that right.

So fitness is the ability to cope with the demands of the environment.

How could having good health, physical, emotional, and social health affect your fitness? So having good health means you are able to take part in exercise, which means that your health improves even more and as a result, your fitness improves even more.

So let's just go through that again.

Having good health, so physically, having good health emotionally, and socially having good health means you're more able to take part in exercise.

Whether that's walking, running, joining a sports team, you're more able to do that, which therefore improves your health even more because if you're walking or running a lot, that then will improve your fitness and will make you even more likely to take part in exercise because you've improved your fitness.

So that's how good health can impact your fitness.

Let's look at this through an example.

So Zelda has good health.

She's able to go running every day.

She improves her health and cardiovascular endurance because she's running every day.

Running becomes easier as she can run further.

So not only does her health improve, but her fitness improves because she's able to exercise every day.

Her health improves and therefore her fitness improves.

She's able to run further and it is a positive cycle that keeps occurring because of her good health in the first place.

Let's have a go to check.

Identify which is an impact of having good health.

Is it A, increased risk of depression? Is it B, decreased fitness? Or is it C, increased fitness? That's right, it's C, increased fitness.

Like with Zelda, she took part in exercise every day.

Her health improved, but so did her cardiovascular endurance and she was able to run for longer.

Therefore her fitness improved even more and she was able to take part in more exercise.

So well done if you got that right.

Okay, now it's your turn to have a go to task.

What I'd like you to do is fill in the flow chart to identify how good health impacts fitness.

For the second part of the task, I'd like you to complete this question.

Nicola has good health.

Explain how this could impact her fitness.

You may wish to pause a video now to give yourself time to complete this task.

So you might have filled in for the first part of the task where you're asked to fill in the flow chart to identify how good health impacts fitness.

In the first part you might have said that good health means that in the second box, you are able to take part in exercise, which then leads to the third box under health, which improves your health even more.

And as a result in the arrow underneath, your fitness improves, which then means it's easier to take part in the exercise.

So well done if you put all of those points.

And the second part of the task, Nicola has good health, explain how this could impact her fitness.

And you may have said something along these lines.

Having good health will mean that Nicola is able to take part in exercise.

By taking part in exercise, her health will improve even more.

As a result, her fitness will improve and she'll be able to take part in more exercise, which will continue to improve her health and fitness.

So well done if you talked about those things.

Okay, we are now going to move on to the second part of today's lesson where we explain how ill health can impact on fitness.

So ill health refers to being in a state of poor physical, mental, or social wellbeing.

How could ill health impact fitness? That's what Andeep has asked us.

So again, we've got our flow chart and if we start our flow chart with ill health, it may mean that that person with ill health is unable to take part or take part in exercise or train.

And as a result, they're more likely to suffer poor health.

So they may be more likely to get illness or disease or they may be more likely to get injuries because perhaps they're not moving around as much, their muscles aren't as strong, their bones aren't as strong and therefore when they did, they might be more likely to have an injury.

And therefore, by being more likely to suffer poor health like illness, disease, and injuries, they're going to be more likely to not be able to take part in exercise or training, which then will have another negative effect on their health.

And so again, this is a negative cycle that they can get into from having ill health in the first place.

Let's have a look at an example.

So Sammy has long COVID and as a result, he's unable to take part in exercise or train.

His body becomes weaker and he's more likely to suffer poor health.

So things like illness, disease, and injury because he's not able to take part in physical activity.

So he can't take part because he was poorly, he had long COVID, but then because he is not exercising, his body's getting weaker and he's more likely to have more ill health problems. However, something to bear in mind is that if someone exercises with ill health, they can still improve their fitness.

So if their ill health isn't stopping them exercise, then their fitness levels can still improve.

And Jacob's asked, "Can you think of any examples of when someone might exercise despite having ill health?" Andeep has said, "Sometimes people with poor mental health may be able to exercise still and therefore will still improve their fitness." And that's a really good example that sometimes people who might be feeling a lot of stress or might have anxiety may still be able to go out for a run for example or go to the gym or exercise with friends and therefore they're still able to exercise.

So that is an example of where someone who may have ill health would still be able to exercise and therefore could still improve their fitness.

Okay, let's have a go to question.

True or false, ill health can have a negative impact on fitness.

Yeah, that's true.

Can you tell me why? Having ill health can mean you're unable to take part in exercise, which will negatively impact your fitness.

So well done If you talked about that, maybe you put an example as well.

Okay, now it's your turn for a task.

Ernie has poor mental health.

He doesn't take part in exercise because he thinks he has a really bad level of fitness.

Explain to Ernie how health can impact fitness.

You may wish to pause the video now to give yourself time to answer the task.

Okay, so Ernie has poor mental health.

He doesn't take part in exercise because he thinks he has a really bad level of fitness.

Explain to Ernie how health can impact fitness.

So you may have said that ill health can impact someone's ability to take part in exercise.

If they're unable to take part in exercise, then they are not able to improve their fitness.

However, even with ill health, someone like Ernie is able to take part in exercise, their fitness will improve.

So maybe talking to Ernie and encouraging Ernie that despite him thinking that he has a bad level of fitness, his fitness will improve if he does regular exercise.

So it's about having that positive mindset of that your fitness can improve and you can change your fitness as long as you are doing that regular exercise.

So well done if you mentioned those in your answer.

Okay, so we're now moving on to the final part of today's lesson, which is going to identify the components of fitness.

So fitness is the ability to meet or cope with the demands of the environment.

Do you think these people have good fitness? Sam says, "I'm strong, but can't run very far without getting tired." Sophia says, "I'm really fast, but I'm not very good at catching a ball." And Alex says, "I'm really flexible and can balance for a long period of time." So fitness is actually made up of 10 different components.

Can you name any of the components of fitness? So the 10 components of fitness are cardiovascular endurance, which is known as aerobic power, muscular endurance, which is known as dynamic strength.

Speed, strength, which can be maximal or static strength.

Power which is explosive strength.

Flexibility, agility, reaction time, balance, and coordination.

Cardiovascular endurance is the ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles.

For example, a marathon runner would need good cardiovascular endurance to supply the body with oxygen for the full race.

Often marathons can take anywhere between two hours to seven hours.

Therefore you must have good cardiovascular endurance to allow your body to run for that length of time.

But don't forget that cardiovascular endurance can also be called aerobic power.

Thank you, Alex, for reminding us about that.

Muscular endurance, which is known as dynamic strength, is the ability of a muscle or muscle groups to undergo repeated contractions to avoid fatigue.

So your muscle is working constantly for a long period of time would be good muscular endurance.

So for example, a tennis player would need good muscular endurance as sometimes matches can last for hours.

So they need their muscles to keep working over and over again without fatigue.

So if the tennis player had good muscular endurance, they wouldn't get tired and they would still be able to constantly hit the shot and serve the shot and smash the shot without their muscles getting tired.

So strength is the ability to overcome a resistance and it can be explosive, static, or dynamic.

So for example, a rock climber would need muscular strength to pull their body weight up and hold their grip securely without falling off.

So speed is a maximum rate at which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover a distance in a period of time, put a body parts into action as quickly as possible and you can calculate speed by doing distance divided by time.

So an example would be a hundred metre sprinter would require speed to run faster than their opponents to win the race.

But as Sam is reminding us, remember speed doesn't just include running fast.

I wonder if you can think of any other examples.

Perhaps where you might need to move your arms quickly, for example.

Okay, let's have a go to check.

Can you identify the correct definition of muscular endurance? Is it A, the ability to overcome resistance? Is it B, the ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles? Is it C, the ability of a muscle or muscle group to undergo repeated contractions, avoiding fatigue? Or is it D, the maximum rate at which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover a distance in a period of time? That's right, it's C, the ability of a muscle or muscle group to undergo repeated contractions avoiding fatigue.

So the ability to overcome resistance is strength.

The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles is cardiovascular endurance.

And the maximum rate which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover a distance in a period of time is speed.

So well done if you've got the correct answer, C.

So power is a product of strength and speed.

So power equals strength times speed.

This can also be called explosive strength.

So a basketball player would require power to jump for a rebound higher than an opponent so they gain possession of the ball.

So having that power to jump up and snatch the ball quicker than their opponent would be an example of power.

Flexibility is a range of movement possible at a joint.

Okay, so a gymnast would require flexibility to perform splits in a routine.

So in this image, we can see that this gymnast has really good flexibility in the hips because they're able to do the forward splits effectively when they're in the air jumping.

Agility is the ability to move and change direction quickly whilst maintaining control.

So for example, a hockey player would require agility to be able to stop, start, and change direction quickly in response to where the opponent and the ball are.

Right, which athlete is likely to need the most agility? Would it be the cyclist, the gymnast, or the rugby player? I'm hoping that you've said the rugby player.

The rugby player would need to stop, start, change direction quickly, especially if they've got the ball and they're trying to avoid being tackled.

They'll need good agility to try and sidestep their opposition from tackling them.

Whereas the cyclist doesn't need agility because they remaining sat down on the bike and the gymnast would need some level of agility, particularly in a floor routine, but not as much as a rugby player.

So balance is the maintenance of the centre of mass over the base of support.

Static balance would be still, so holding a position still would be a static balance, whereas dynamic balance means that you're balancing while moving.

So if the figure skater here is performing a jump, so they're moving, but they're trying to maintain a balance, then that would be an example of dynamic balance.

So here we've got the figure skater needs good balance to perform and land skills such as spins and jumps to prevent falling or getting injured.

So that's a good example of where someone would need balance in sport.

Reaction time is a time taken to initiate a response to a stimulus.

So a table tennis, for example, would need good reaction time to enable them to react quickly to where the opponent hits the ball.

So the better their reaction time, the quicker they can move and return the shot back, particularly because table tennis is so quick, they would need really good reaction time in order to be effective.

Coordination is the ability to use different two or more parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently.

So for example, a netball player would need good hand-eye coordination in order to pass, catch, and shoot effectively in the game.

Okay, let's have a go to check.

The time taken to initiate a response to a stimulus is a definition of which component of fitness? Is it A, coordination; B, reaction time; C, agility; or D balance? Yeah, that's right.

It's reaction time.

Well done if you got that right.

Okay, now it's your turn for a task.

I would like you to define each of the 10 components of fitness, and I've given you one as an example.

So cardiovascular endurance, such as also known as aerobic power, is the ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles.

You may wish to pause the video now to give you time to write down the other nine components of fitness and the definition for each.

Okay, so you were asked to define each of the 10 components of fitness, although I had already given you the example of cardiovascular endurance.

So I'm hoping that you've written muscular endurance is known as dynamic strength and that's the ability of a muscle or muscle group to undergo repeated contractions, avoiding fatigue.

Strength is known as static strength and it's the ability to overcome resistance.

Speed is a maximum rate at which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover a distance in a period of time, putting the body parts into action as quickly as possible.

Power, also known as explosive strength, is a product of strength and speed.

Or you might have written strength, time, speed, and that's fine.

Flexibility is a range of movements possible at a joint.

And agility is the ability to move and change direction quickly whilst maintaining control.

Balance is a maintenance of the centre of mass over the base of support.

Reaction time is a time taken to initiate a response to a stimulus.

Coordination is the ability to use two or more parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently.

So well done if you remembered all of those components of fitness with their definition.

Okay, that gives us just enough time to summarise today's lesson.

Having good health means someone is more able to take part in exercise and as a result, both a health and fitness improves.

Someone with ill health is less likely to take part in physical activity and therefore increases the likelihood of continued poor health and reduced fitness.

However, if someone with ill health is able to train or exercise, then fitness can still improve.

The 10 components of fitness are; cardiovascular endurance or aerobic power, muscular endurance or dynamic strength, speed, strength, which is maximal or static strength, power, which is explosive strength, flexibility, agility, reaction time, balance, and coordination.

Well done today.

We've got through a lot of information and I hope that you can remember all those 10 components of fitness.

I'll see you again soon.