Lesson video

Hello, everyone, my name is Ms. Madden, and in today's lesson, we are going to do some quick revision on spelling and then focus on grammar.

Let's get started.

In today's lesson, we will start off by doing some revision of key spellings.

Then we will look at the difference between clauses and phrases.

After that, I will introduce you to the four simple sentence types.

And finally, you will have a chance to apply your learning.

In today's lesson, you'll need some paper or a book to write in, a pencil or a pen to write with, and, of course, your thinking brain.

So press pause and get those things now.

Fantastic.

Let's now start off with our spelling.

I'm going to show you some spellings of six words.

There will be three options for each spelling.

I want you to look at the options and decide which is the correct spelling from each group.

You can then write the word down.

Then I will show you the correct spellings.

First of all, We have the word belief.

It is my belief that it's helpful to practise spelling.

Next, I have the plural noun foxes.

There were some foxes in the street last night.

Here I have another plural noun, this time an abstract noun, opportunities.

I hope to have lots of opportunities to see my friends this summer.

Opportunities.

The next word is conceive.

I could not conceive of any reason why I shouldn't go there.

Conceive.

Think.

Next, stomach.

My stomach is a bit painful.

Stomach.

Finally, signature.

Could you write me your signature? So, have a look at these words, these six words, and you might want to just write down how you think it should be spelled yourself or you can look at the three options and decide which one is correct.

Press pause, and then press play when you're ready to go through the answers.

Okay, let's have a look.

Belief.

What might've helped you with this word belief? I before E except after C.

Do you remember that rule? It can help us often.

I before E except after C, generally.

So that's how I remembered it was I-E and not E-I or double E.

Foxes.

So here's a generic plural.

And when we make a word plural, a noun plural, often we just add an S, but after the letter X, fox, so the X at the end of the singular word fox, we have to add an ES, foxes.

Even though it sounds a bit like /i/, it's actually spelled E-S.

Opportunities.

Now the word opportunity is a tricky word that you just have to know.

And in this word, I've made it even more tricky because it's a plural.

Opportunities.

So the Y at the end of opportunities gets taken away and we have IES at the end.

Don't forget that double P at the beginning of the word.

Next, conceive.

Now, this is another one that follows our rule I before E except after C.

Because we have a C in the middle of this word, conceive.

Can you see the letter C making that /s/ sound? We then have EI.

Stomach.

What's tricky about that word, it's that CH spelling, stomach, stomach, you could say spells stomach, that CH spelling at the end of the word.

Then signature.

I like the word signature because it's got a root that I know.

It comes from the Latin signum, to show.

And there are so many different words with that root of signum, like signal or sign, and they all have that spelling of S-I-G-N that you can see in signature.

But perhaps the trickiest bit of the word signature is that T-U-R-E at the end.

Signature, even though it sounds a bit like /ch/.

So check the spellings, check that you got them right.

Don't worry if you didn't.

I've chosen these words because they're ones that are good to practise.

If you didn't get them right, write them down correctly, really carefully now, and you can spend more time practising today.

Well done.

Okay, now we are ready to focus on grammar.

First of all, we're going to be thinking clauses and phrases.

A clause is a group of words containing a verb.

A clause contains of a verb, that's really, really important.

Can you remember what a phrase is? A phrase is a group of words without a verb.

Sometimes we have to be a bit careful because we can accidentally say phrase when we mean clause.

So we can tell a clause because it has a verb in it.

Let's do some practise.

Which is the clause? Around the corner or as she ran through the door? Please point to the one which has a clause.

Well done.

This is a clause because we've got the verb run in it, as she ran through the door, and that might be a subordinate clause in a sentence because it's got the subordinating conjunction as.

Which is the clause? Dancing leaves filled the sky or the dreary, dark evening? They're both quite descriptive, but which is the clause? This is the clause: dancing leaves filled the sky.

And our key verb is filled.

You may have been confused by the word dancing.

The dancing was actually describing the leaves.

Filled is the verb in this clause.

One more, get ready to point which is the clause.

Who was feeling sleepy or an exhausted young girl? Point to the clause.

Yes, who was feeling sleepy is the clause, was feeling is our verb.

And this might be a relative clause.

Mary, who was feeling sleepy, went to bed.

Fantastic.

Now we're ready to focus on our four simple sentence types: statement, command, exclamation, and question.

Let's first think.

What makes this an accurate, simple sentence? Have a look.

Say aloud what you believe, grammatically, or in terms of punctuation, makes this an accurate, simple sentence.

Press pause and say it aloud now.

Okay.

Let's see if we thought the same things.

It has a subject.

You could have said Sophie was noun, but this Sophie is also the subject of the sentence.

Sophie read a book in the library.

This sentence has one verb, because a clause has a verb and a sentence must have one main clause.

A sentence can have at least one main clause, but a simple sentence just has one main clause, so one verb.

And then, of course, to make this accurate, we must have a capital letter and full stop.

One main clause, one idea that makes sense by itself, that's what makes a simple sentence.

Now we are thinking about the four different types of simple sentence.

Can you remember what they were? Press pause and say them aloud now if you can.

Okay.

We had a statement, a question, a command, and an exclamation, a particular type of sentence, an exclamation sentence.

Have you heard of these before? I suspect there are some that you've had of lots.

You've probably talked about questions a lot in your learning over the past years, but perhaps there are some that are less familiar.

Perhaps an exclamation sentence.

You might know about an exclamation mark but not about an exclamation sentence.

We're going to have a look at these in more detail.

Let's begin with a statement.

A statement is a sentence that gives you a fact or an opinion.

It could be demarcated with a full stop, but it also could be demarcated with an exclamation mark if you felt very strongly about the opinion or the fact that you were writing or saying.

It tells you something.

Let's look at some examples.

Miles of parched earth stretched across the expansive landscape.

That's a fact.

That's a descriptive sentence stating a fact.

Daily life for Anglo-Saxons was starkly different to ours today.

Martin Luther King was one of the most important figures of the 20th century.

So you can see, because I feel strongly about that opinion, that's why I've used an exclamation mark, but this is still a statement.

Now, let's look at questions.

I'm sure you've had lots of practise of asking questions and writing questions as well as answering them.

So what makes a question a question? A question, of course, asks you something and requires an answer.

Even if people don't always give an answer, it generally requires me.

Please, can I have some more? What was your favourite part of the book? Did you know that newts have permeable skin? There are different ways, grammatically, that we can show a sentence is a question.

Sometimes we have question words at the beginning of a question, like what, when, where, why.

So for example, what was your favourite part of the book? Sometimes we might have a question tag, did you know that? Sometimes we invert our subject and our verb.

Please, can I have some more? You could say, I can have some more.

That would be a statement, but if we swap those around, can I have some more? It turns into a question.

And, of course, what do all questions need at the end of the sentence? A question mark.

A question mark really helps us identify a question.

Also, the way that we set our tone of voice.

Let's check our understanding.

Which sentence type tells you something? Point to it now.

Yes, a statement tells us something.

Now, here are four simple sentences.

Which of these is the odd one out? I'm going to read them to you then you can point to the odd one out and say why.

The Roman army could march 40 kilometres a day.

He was a lonely and frightened young man.

At the bottom, would the family ever find happiness again? It was a cold and bitter night.

Press pause and point to the odd one out and say why.

Well done.

This one is the odd one out because it is a question; the other three were statements.

Now, let's look at a command.

A command tells someone to do something, an order or a request.

It starts with an imperative verb.

You've probably heard of imperative verbs before: verbs like go, or run, or sit down, or read.

A sentences that is a command could end with a full stop or it could end with an exclamation mark if you were really telling someone to do something.

Let's read some examples.

Do not run in the corridor.

Wash your hands carefully.

Keep your distance.

Can you spot the imperative verbs in these three sentences? Do not run, wash, keep, well done.

And then we have an exclamation sentence.

An exclamation sentence.

It shows a strong feeling or emotion.

And then exclamation sentence is a particular special kind of sentence that always starts with what or how.

Now it's easy to get confused here because we have an exclamation mark and that's our piece of punctuation.

And we can use our exclamation mark after words, wow!, phrases, not now!, and sentences, like a command, go to your room! or a special kind of sentence, an exclamation sentence.

Right now, in this grammar lesson, where we're thinking about our four simple sentence types, we're thinking about a special type of sentence, an exclamation sentence.

Let's look at some examples.

How rude that man is! What a lovely day it is! What a horrible odour I can smell! Each of these sentences started with a what or a how, can you see? And they were a simple sentence.

Okay, let's think.

Which sentence type shows a strong feeling or emotion? Point to it.

Well done, an exclamation sentence.

Which sentence type tells you to do something? Point.

Yes, a command.

Is this true or false? Only an exclamation sentence, only an exclamation, and I mean an exclamation sentence, can have an exclamation mark? Is that true or false? It's false, because we've just seen a command and a statement can also use an exclamation mark, it can be a bit confusing.

Right, let's really test our knowledge now.

I want you to match these sentences to its sentence type.

So I'm going to read you a sequence of sentences and then you must match the sentence to its sentence type.

So you could say them aloud after me and then say statement, question, command, or exclamation.

I'll read them to you first.

Eat your breakfast.

The film was excellent.

What a calm week this is! How are you? Dry, cracked earth filled the land.

Go to the end of the road and turn right.

Could you pass the butter? How brilliantly the sun is shining! Now, press pause, say each one aloud, and say which type of sentence it is.

Then press play when you're done.

Okay, let's check.

Our statements: the film was excellent; dry, cracked earth filled the land.

Those were our two statements.

Our questions.

How are you? Started with a question word.

Could you pass the butter? We could have said, pass the butter, and that would have been a command.

But by changing it to, could you pass the butter? We put it into a question.

Commands.

Go to the end of the road and turn right; eat your breakfast! Can you spot the imperative verbs in those two commands? Go and eat.

And last but not least are exclamation sentences.

How brilliantly the sun is shining! What a calm week this is! What two words do exclamation sentences begin with? Say it now.

Yes, how or what.

Ready for your next challenge? Write a question for this answer.

At the weekend.

Press pause and write down what the question could have been.

Okay.

Now, change this question into a command.

Please, can you make me a cup of tea? Press pause and rewrite this sentence as a command.

Okay.

So your question to get the answer at the weekend, there are lots of options you could have had.

This is mine: when did you play football? And next, turning the question into a command, this is my answer: make me a cup of tea.

So you'd have needed to get rid of the question mark and have an imperative verb at the start.

Make me a cup of tea.

Great work today.

We have revised some key spellings, we differentiated between clauses and phrases, then we explored the four simple sentence types, and you had a chance to apply your learning.

Congratulations, you have completed your lesson.