Hi, everyone.

My name is Ms. Boyle, and welcome to this lesson where you are going to be developing speech for the climax of "The Firework-Maker's Daughter".

This lesson is based on this copy of "The Firework-Maker's Daughter" by Philip Pullman, and you may wish to refer to it.

Pause the video and get your copy now.

Great, now I know you have the book with you.

During this lesson, you'll need to be listening and looking carefully.

There'll be tasks where you need somebody to talk to and you'll need a piece of paper and pen or pencil for writing.

I hope you're feeling excited and ready to learn.

Let's get started.

The learning outcome for today's lesson is, I can develop and punctuate direct speech for a dialogue in the climax.

Here are our key words for today's lesson.

Let's practise saying them.

My turn, your turn.

Direct speech.

Character perspective.

Dialogue.

Inverted commas.

Reporting clause.

Well done.

Let's take a look at their definitions.

Direct speech is the term used for a person speaking out loud in a text.

Character perspective refers to a character's point of view.

Dialogue is a conversation between two or more people written in a text or story to show what each person is saying.

Inverted commas are punctuation marks used to indicate the beginning and end of direct speech.

And a reporting clause tells the reader who said the speech and how.

There are two parts to today's lesson.

In the first part, you'll be developing ideas for direct speech.

And in the second part, you will be punctuating direct speech.

So let's begin with developing ideas for direct speech.

"The Firework-Maker's Daughter" can be structured like this, opening, buildup, climax, resolution.

In this lesson, we are developing direct speech for the climax.

Direct speech is the term used for a person speaking out loud in a text.

You are going to be developing direct speech for part two of the climax in "The Firework-Maker's Daughter".

Part two of the climax will cover the following key moments for Lila.

Razvani was furious and mocked Lila for coming empty handed.

Razvani instructed Lila to enter the flames anyway and she did.

Lila couldn't cope with the agonising heat.

Then Chulak arrived, she drank the magical water and survived the flames.

You will use your plan for part two to support you in developing direct speech.

Direct speech between two characters forms a dialogue.

It is crucial to consider character perspective when developing ideas for direct speech in a dialogue.

This means considering the points of view of each person.

Lila and Razvani experience very different emotions in the climax.

The power dynamic between the two characters also impacts what each character says and how they say it.

Lila has entered Razvani's grotto without permission and she needs his help.

Razvani's position of higher power and strength means he feels more freedom in how he can speak to Lila.

Let's check your understanding.

True or false? Character perspective does not matter when developing ideas for direct speech.

Pause the video and select your answer now.

That is false.

Well done.

Now, it's time to justify your answer.

A, the power dynamic between Lila and Razvani means they will speak to each other differently.

Or B, girls and fire spirits always speak in a certain way.

Pause the video and select the correct justification.

The answer is A.

Well done.

The power dynamic between Lila and Razvani means they will speak to each other differently.

This will impact the words you choose to use for their direct speech.

You can use your precise verbs and adverbs from your plan to help you develop ideas for Razvani and Lila's dialogue.

Here is an example of the notes from our plan.

The key moment, Razvani was furious and mocked Lila for coming empty handed.

We developed lots of verbs and adverbs to describe the way Razvani and Lila spoke or acted during this key moment.

Razvani's speech will involve the use of authoritative language that conveys his power.

And Lila's speech will involve the use of more fearful language that conveys her vulnerability.

Let's check your understanding.

Read the examples of character speech and identify whether they are words that Lila or Razvani would say.

A, I can explain.

B, what on earth do you think you are doing here? C, speak for yourself immediately.

D, I'm sorry, sir.

I really need your help.

Pause the video and answer now.

Let's take a look at the answers.

For A, I can explain.

this would be Lila.

For B, what on earth do you think you are doing here? This would be Razvani.

For C, speak for yourself immediately.

This would be Razvani again.

And for D, I'm sorry, sir.

I really need your help.

This would be Lila.

Well done for recognising the difference in language and tone that Lila and Razvani would use when speaking.

It's now time for a task, and it is a talk task.

Develop ideas for the initial dialogue between Lila and Razvani.

Consider what each character would say at the following points.

Number one, Razvani sees Lila has entered his grotto and he is furious.

What do you think he might say? Number two, Lila nervously explains to Razvani why she is there.

And number three, Razvani notices that Lila has come empty handed and he mocks her.

Pause the video and do the task now.

Welcome back.

It was wonderful listening to all of your different ideas for character speech, and I could really hear how hard you tried to consider character perspective when developing speech for Lila and Razvani.

Let's take a look at some examples of what I heard.

For the first moment, Razvani sees Lila has entered his grotto and he is furious.

He might say, "Who dares to enter my grotto? Speak for yourself!" Or, "What do we have here? A trespasser in my cave!" For the second moment, Lila nervously explains to Razvani why she is there.

I heard, "I'm here to retrieve the special ingredient." I loved this example because it included stuttering the words that were spoken, which shows her nervousness.

And, "My name is Lila, sir.

Being a firework-maker is my dream." And for the third key moment, Razvani notices that Lila has come empty handed and he mocks her.

I heard, "And you thought it was wise to arrive empty-handed?" And, "You don't have the three presents or the magical water?" Well done for developing great ideas for speech for the climax.

It's now time for the second part of our lesson where you will be punctuating direct speech.

We use direct speech to show that a person is speaking out loud.

Here is an example.

"Who on earth are you?" asked Razvani angrily.

These are the words the person said out loud, and we call this direct speech.

Direct speech is shown to the reader using inverted commas.

They look like this.

The inverted commas tell us where the words the person said begin and end.

The reporting clause tells us who said the direct speech and how.

We can use precise verbs and adverbs to convey greater detail.

Let's take a look at that example again.

We can see that the inverted commas come before the word who and after the question mark.

So the words that Razvani spoke were, who on earth are you? And "asked Razvani angrily" is the reporting clause.

It explains who said the words and how they said it.

How do we write dialogue between two characters? We write it as direct speech using the correct punctuation to demarcate the speech and a reporting clause to report who is speaking.

We begin a new line when a new character is speaking.

Here is an example.

"Who dares to enter my cave without permission? Speak for yourself!" bellowed Razvani angrily.

"Please forgive me.

I have come to retrieve the special ingredient for firework making." replied to Lila nervously.

You will notice the different tone and expression I used when reading each of these pieces of speech because each character spoke differently, and the reporting clause lets us know that.

Punctuation rules for direct speech.

Let's take a look at these rules more closely.

You are going to be developing speech where the speech comes first, and the reporting clause comes second.

You use inverted commas to open your speech, and you begin the first word of the speech with a capital letter.

Once the words the person has spoken have finished, you need a piece of punctuation.

This can be an exclamation mark, a question mark, or a comma.

You then close your speech with inverted commas, include a reporting clause to say who was speaking, and end the sentence with a full stop.

Let's take a look at an example again.

"Who dares to enter my cave without permission? Speak for yourself!" bellowed Razvani angrily.

Here, we can see that the speech comes first and it is enclosed with inverted commas.

Then the reporting clause, which says who spoke and how they said it.

A capital letter was used to begin the speech with the word "who".

a piece of punctuation was used to end the speech, an exclamation mark before the inverted closed it.

And then a full stop followed the reporting clause.

Let's check your understanding.

What is incorrect or missing in these direct speech examples? Let's remind ourselves one more time of the punctuation rules.

Open with inverted commas.

A capital letter to begin the speech.

Once the speech is written, end with a piece of punctuation, an exclamation mark, a question mark, or a comma.

Close the speech with inverted commas, include a reporting clause, and then a full stop to end the sentence.

I will read these sentences to you now, and then you will need to examine them carefully to check where the punctuation error lies.

A, "Who dares to enter my home uninvited!" bellowed Razvani.

B, I'm here to become a great firework-maker, replied to Lila anxiously.

And C, "And you came empty-handed? scoffed the Great Fire Spirit." Pause the video and identify the incorrect or missing punctuation now.

Let's take a look at the answers together now.

For A, hopefully you noticed that the exclamation mark came in the wrong place.

It should have come before the speech was closed with inverted commas.

It should look like this.

For B, hopefully you noticed that the speech did not end with any piece of punctuation, nor was it closed with inverted commas.

We can add these in so that it looks like this.

For C, hopefully you noticed that one of the inverted commas was in the wrong place.

It was put at the end of the sentence after the reporting clause, but it should come at the end of the words that have been spoken.

It should look like this.

Well done for identifying the incorrect or missing punctuation in these examples of direct speech.

The most common verb used in a reporting clause is said.

Using a variety of verbs and adverbs in our reporting clauses adds detail to how the character spoke and felt.

Your plan for paragraph two of the climax contains these.

synonyms for set could be: bellowed, roared, replied, stuttered, pleaded.

Adverbs to describe said words could be: nervously, furiously, regretfully, angrily, anxiously.

And as you know, the power dynamic between Lila and Razvani means that some of these verbs and adverbs would be appropriate to describe the way Razvani spoke, and others would be more appropriate to describe the way Lila spoke.

Let's check your understanding.

True or false.

A reporting clause should always use the word said.

Pause the video and select your answer now.

That is false.

Well done.

Now, it's time to justify your answer.

A, a reporting clause doesn't need a verb.

Or B, a variety of synonyms can be used instead of "said" to add detail to how the character spoke.

Pause the video and select the correct justification now.

The answer is B.

Well done.

A reporting clause does always need a verb, but it doesn't always have to be said.

A variety of synonyms can be used instead.

And this adds greater detail to how the character spoke.

It's now time for your your task.

Write out your ideas for the initial dialogue between Lila and Razvani as direct speech.

Remember the following: speech first enclosed with inverted commas, a reporting clause that adds detail, for example, furiously roared, so you want to use those ambitious verbs and adverbs from your plan, and a new line for a new person speaking.

First, write a piece of direct speech for the moment when Razvani sees that Lila has entered his grotto and he's feeling furious.

And then, on a new line, write a piece of direct speech for when Lila nervously explains to Razvani why she is there.

Pause the video and do the task now.

Welcome back.

You did such a fantastic job at writing out your ideas for the initial dialogue between Lila and Razvani.

And you worked really hard to make sure you punctuated the direct speech correctly.

Let's take a look at some good examples now.

For number one, a good example is, "What do we have here? A trespasser in my cave! Speak for yourself young girl!" Roared Razvani furiously.

Here, the speech has been opened with inverted commas.

The first word, what, begins with a capital letter.

When the speech ends, an exclamation mark has been used as the piece of punctuation to finish it.

The speech has then been closed with inverted commas.

Then there is a reporting clause that uses precise and ambitious vocabulary from the plan, roared Razvani furiously, and the sentence finishes with a full stop.

For number two, "I'm here in search of the special ingredients, sir.

It is my goal to become a fine firework-maker," stuttered Lila nervously.

The speech was opened with inverted commas.

The first word, I, is written with a capital letter.

Then the speech ends with a comma as the piece of punctuation.

Then it is closed with inverted commas.

There is a reporting clause that explains who said it and how, stuttered Lila nervously, and the sentence ends with a full stop.

Well done, again, for your hard work, learning and practising the punctuation rules for direct speech.

We've now come to the end of our lesson so let's go over a summary together.

Direct speech is the term used for a person speaking out loud in a text.

It is crucial to consider character perspective when developing ideas for direct speech.

Direct speech between two characters forms a dialogue.

Inverted commas are used to demarcate speech, and a piece of punctuation separate speech from the reporting clause.

And a range of synonyms for said and use of adverbs can offer detail about how a character spoke and felt.

Well done for your hard work in today's lesson.

I have really enjoyed teaching you.