Lesson video

Hi, everyone.

So nice to see you.

I'm really looking forward to being here and teaching you a science lesson today.

My name is Miss Emms. And today, we're going to be learning about the differences between solids, liquids and gases.

Okay, let's get started.

In today's lesson, our key question that we're going to answer is what are the differences between solids, liquids and gases? And as I just said, you are with me, Miss Emms. First things first, we're going to have a look at our star words.

So our really important words that we need to have a good understanding of for this lesson.

After that, we're going to move on to having a look at some examples of some solids, some liquids and some gases.

And then we're going to think about some things called particles.

Don't worry if you don't know what that word means yet.

And then we're going to move on to thinking about how particles move around.

And finally, at the end of the lesson there will be an end of lesson quiz, where you can see what you've been able to remember from this lesson.

You're going to need a few things in this lesson.

You're going to need an exercise book or some paper.

You're going to need a pencil or a pen.

If you've got a pencil, that's even better.

And you are going to need your brain of course.

The brain's already in here.

But you might not have your exercise book or your pencil yet or your paper.

So if you need to go and get those things, then can you pause the video now and go and get yourself ready.

Okay, great.

Well done.

So, let's have a look at our star words.

I'm going to say, star words, star words, star words and you'll say it after me.

Are you ready? Star words, star words, star words.

Solid.

Solid.

We're going to define these words as the lesson goes on, okay? At the moment, we're just practising saying them.

Solid.

Liquid.

Liquid.

Gas.

Gas.

Particles.

Particles.

Okay, so let's all think about solids, liquids and gases.

What do you already know, either from previous learning with me or from previous learning in your schools normally or from things that you may have learned at home? What do you already know about solid objects? Can you think of an example of a solid? Hmm, I'll give you one idea.

The table that I'm sitting at, is a solid object.

Can you think of another example of a solid? Pause the video, have a think and tell your screen.

Off you go.

I wonder what you came up with.

There are so many different ideas that you could have had so we're not going to go through them all.

Well done for having a really good think about some solid objects that you might already know.

What do you already know about liquids? Can you think of an example of a liquid that you might use in your home or that you know about? I'll give you one example.

This morning for my breakfast, I had a cup of orange juice and that is a liquid.

The juice is a liquid.

Can you think of another liquid? Have a little think.

Pause your video and tell your screen.

Okay.

Well done.

I wonder if some of you said water or milk or tea.

And finally, can you think, what do you already know about gases? Can you think of an example of a gas? Perhaps a little bit trickier, what do you know about gases? What is an example of a gas? Don't worry if you don't know.

Pause the video if you've got an idea and tell your screen.

Great.

Well done.

So the air around us, okay.

We can't see it.

The air around us is a gas.

So, thinking about solids now and the definition of a solid.

A solid object holds its shape, okay? It doesn't lose its shape, it holds its shape.

For example, as I've said just a minute ago, I'm sitting at the table.

It's holding its shape, it's not changing its shape.

My computer in front of me is a solid object, holds its shape.

Here are some examples of some solids.

I'm going to go over and say what they are and can you point to them as I do.

So bricks, an example of a solid object.

A ball.

Inside, the ball is filled with gas.

But the ball itself is a solid object.

A stone.

A pencil.

A chair.

A cup.

Would the water inside the cup be a solid? That would be a liquid, you're right.

But the cup itself is a solid.

An apple, a ruler and a sofa.

All examples of solid objects, okay? Objects that hold their shape.

Can you think of any more? Pause the video and tell your screen if you can.

Great.

Well done.

So, a quick recap question.

How do we define a solid? What is a solid? What does it do, a solid? Tell your screen, a solid, holds it's shape.

A solid.

Well done.

If you can think of any more examples of solids, can you write them down on your piece of paper in front of you.

Now, pause the video and write them down.

Off you go.

Great.

Well done.

Okay, liquids take the shape of their container.

So unlike solids that hold their shape, solids.

Liquids take the shape of their container, okay? So you can see that in this glass, the water inside the glass has taken the shape of its container, okay? And if my container was a different shape, it would take the shape of that container, okay? So liquids take the shape of their container.

Let's have a look at an example of a liquid taking the shape of its container, okay.

Here I've got a glass full of water and I've got two different shaped containers, okay? These glasses are different shapes.

A liquid will take the shape of the container that it's in.

So I could either pour it into this container and it would take the shape of this container.

And then I could pour it into this glass, this container and it takes the shape of that container.

So a liquid takes the shape of the container that it's in.

Whereas as we said earlier, a solid holds its shape.

This pen is a solid.

If I put it into this glass or if I put it into this glass, it holds its shape, okay? Right.

I wonder if we can go through these liquids together and you could help me identify what they are.

So here we've got some water, some milk.

Okay.

Here, we've got water coming from the tap.

Or I've got water in a cup.

Here, I've got some orange juice, like the juice that I had for breakfast this morning.

Here I've got a cup of tea.

Remember, for each of these that we're not talking about the cup itself, it's the liquid that's inside.

And here I have got a cup of coffee, okay? But again, we're talking about the liquid inside this container.

We're not talking about the containers themselves, okay? So a quick recap question.

What is a liquid? What does it do when you pour it into a container? Tell your screen, a liquid, great, a liquid takes the shape of its container, whereas a solid holds its shape.

And if you can think of any other examples of some liquids that you know, can you pause the video and write them down now, please.

Fantastic.

Well done.

And finally, gases.

So gases are air like substance that move around freely, okay? Like the air around us.

Air like substances that move around freely, okay? For example, if we think about the steam, the air coming out of your kettle when it's boiling.

Helium is a type of gas.

Oxygen.

The air all around us.

So those are some examples of gases that are around us.

So we have solids, liquids and gases.

Quick recap questions.

What is a liquid? From the three things that we've learned about so far, can you remind your screen, what is a liquid? A liquid, what does it do when you pour it into a container? Takes the shape of its container.

A solid holds its shape.

And gases are air like substances that move around freely, okay? So to recap, solids.

Can you say solids? Solids.

They keep their shape.

They do not flow like liquids.

Liquids flow, okay? But solids do not flow like liquids.

And they always take up the same amount of space.

As we had a look at with the pen, if I put it in any of these containers it takes up the same amount of space.

Liquids can flow or be poured easily, just like I did earlier with my water.

I can pour this liquid easily, okay? Liquids flow and can be poured easily.

They're not easy to hold.

I wouldn't really be able to hold the liquid because it's so easy to pour.

And they change their shape to fit their container, as we looked at with the two different shaped containers.

Their volume always stays the same.

And gases are often invisible, okay? I can't see the air around me.

Gases are often invisible, meaning you can't see them.

They do not have a fixed shape.

And they spread out and they change their shape and volume.

Okay.

They change their shape and volume.

So we're going to do a quick sorting activity now.

I would like you to draw these three circles, solids, liquids and gases.

And you're going to label them, solids, liquids and gases at the top.

Pause the video and draw your three circles with those three titles.

Off you go.

Fantastic.

Well done, everyone.

Now, I'd like you to go through and I know we've had a look at some of these under the headings, solid, liquid and gas.

I would like you to sort them into their correct category.

So for example, let's have a look at the sofa.

I know, and I'm going to use the criteria that we looked at earlier.

So I know that a sofa doesn't change its shape it holds its shape, okay? It holds it shape.

I know that the sofa is a solid object.

So I would either draw or write sofa, but you can just use pictures like I have in the solid circle, okay? Can you pause the video and can you do that for all of these things.

You're going to sort them into the correct circle.

Pause the video and complete your task now.

Great.

Well done, everybody.

How did you find that? Let's have a look.

So the three solids that we had was a sofa, bricks and a chair.

You didn't get those, I'd like you to pause the video now and make sure you've got all three of those things in your solid circle.

The liquids that we had were water, and remember we're not thinking about the container.

The container itself, this glass, is the object, it's solid object.

But I'm thinking about the water inside, okay? So we had water, juice and milk as our three liquids.

Pause the video if you need to add those.

And don't worry if you made a mistake.

Remember, that helps our brain to grow.

It helps us to become better learners.

Pause now if you need to add those in or give yourself a tick.

And well done.

Finally, gases, okay? So we had the steam, oxygen and helium, okay? So the air when you boil a kettle, you might have seen or when you've watched your parent or carer boil a kettle, you might see some hot air coming up from the top.

So, those three here.

Can you pause the video, and can you make sure that you've got those three in your gases circle.

Off you go.

Great.

Well done, everyone on your sorting activity.

Give yourself a pat on the back.

We're not quite finished yet, we've got another part of our learning.

But you've done a really good job so far.

So moving on to particles.

Can you say the word, particles? Let me whisper it, particles.

Let me shout it, particles.

Our two important words here are matter and particles, okay? We don't need to go into a really scientific definition of matter 'cause it's quite a tricky word for us to understand.

But let's say that everything in the world is made up of matter, okay? And everything is made up of things called particles.

There are three states of matter.

And these are the states of matter that we've looked at already, solids, liquids and gases.

So everything in the world exists in one of these three states of matter, either as a solid, a liquid or a gas.

What are the three states of matter? Can you tell your screen.

Well done.

And everything in the world is made up of particles.

Okay? They are called particles.

You can't see the particles, but everything in the world is made up of particles.

What is everything in the world made up from? Tell your screen.

Right.

Well done.

What are the three states of matter? Solid, liquid, well done and gases.

Well done.

Particles are arranged differently in solids, liquids and gases.

They look different, they're arranged differently in solids, liquids and in gases.

In a solid, particles are very close together.

They're packed in very closely and they don't move very much, okay? They are packed in very closely and they don't move very much.

In a liquid, particles are a little bit farther away from each other.

They have more space to move and they can easily be separated, okay? So solids, they're packed in very closely and they don't move very much.

Liquids, they have a bit more space to move and they can easily be separated.

And finally, gases.

Particles move very fast and they're much more spread out.

So solids, they're very close together and they can't move very much.

Liquids, they have a bit more space to move and they can be separated more easily.

And gases, they move fast, surely very fast movement and they are much more spread out, okay? Have a look at this picture which explains that concept.

So here, you've got the particles very close together, okay? And they can't move very much at all, in a solid.

In a liquid, they're a little bit further away from each other, and they can more easily be separated.

And in a gas, they move around very, very quickly and they are much further apart, they spread out.

Okay? Have a quick look.

Make sure you've had a look carefully at these images.

And now I wonder if you can draw how particles arranged in each box.

So you're going to draw three boxes with one labelled solids, one labelled liquids and one labelled gases.

And can you have a go at drawing how particles are arranged in each box.

Pause the video and off you go now.

Amazing.

Well done, everybody.

So you should have had something like this.

Your solid particles fairly close together, okay? In neat line, in neat rows.

They can't move around very much.

Liquid, there's a little bit more space between the particles.

And gases, they're moving around quickly and they have much more space, they're very spread out.

Okay, everyone, when this video ends, it will be time for you to go onto the next activity and complete the end of lesson quiz.

My goodness me, you have tried so hard today, I'm so impressed.

I think you definitely deserve a special cheer.

And we're going to go back to our awesome cheer because you are awesome.

Like this, watch me.

Awesome! Your turn 3, 2, 1.

Well done, everyone.