Lesson video

Hello and welcome.

I'm Mr. Hutchinson and we're going to be learning all about geography.

This is a new unit and we're going to be learning about villages, towns, cities, where people live, the population of the world.

I can't wait to get started.

Now the first thing you need to do, if you haven't already, is do the pre-quiz.

Now, you might be thinking, a quiz? How can I do a quiz? I haven't even done any learning yet.

Don't worry, have a go at that quiz anyway.

You never know, you might even know some of the answers already.

And even if you don't, it's a really good way for your brain to start to think about some of the facts that we're going to be learning about.

And scientists have even found out that when we ask people about questions before they've started learning, you're better answering them afterwards.

I'm going to give you the same quiz at the end, but a bit more jumbled up, so you'll have another chance and you can feel really proud of yourself when you've learned all of those things that you're looking out for.

So if you haven't already, just pause this video and go back and have a go at completing that quiz, not worrying about getting any right or wrong, just reading the questions and giving it your best shot.

I'll give you a moment now to pause it and go back to the quiz if you haven't already.

Super, so I should have everybody back and we're ready to get started with our geography work.

We're going to be learning all about, our unit title is "Villages, Towns, and Cities." And in today's lesson, we're going to be answering this question, where are the world's people? There are people all over the world, where do they live? How many are there? How many people are living all across the world in different places? That's what we're going to be exploring today.

And our lesson's going to look something like this.

The first thing that we're going to do is we're going to think about the whole planet.

What's the population? Population is how many people live there.

What's the population of the whole planet, the whole of the planet earth, where we live? After that, we will look at how the population of the world is changing.

Then we'll think about where in the world people live and we'll look all across different countries across the world to see where people live.

And finally, there'll be a chance for your end of unit quiz.

Now you just need to make sure that you're ready for today's learning.

So I'm going to ask you to make sure that you've got either an exercise book or a notebook or some paper to write on, a pencil or a pen to write with and make sure that your brain is really focused and ready to learn.

I'm going to ask you to do some hard thinking, to remember lots of different facts, to do some writing and not some questions.

So make sure that you take a deep breath in, get rid of all of your distractions, and you're just ready to focus on our lesson today, all about geography.

Let's get started.

So our first mini question that we'll be answering is what's the population of the planet? How many people are there on the planet? So here's the planet earth.

This was a photo taken from space and you can see the whole, you can see half of earth there.

So here's my first question for you.

How many people do you think that are on the planet earth? Do you think it could be maybe 10 people that live on earth? No, there's more than 10 people, 100 people? There's more than 100 people.

There's probably more than 100 people at your school.

1,000 people? Could there be 1,000 people living on earth? Well, the number of people living, and first of all, there are people living all over the planet earth and we have a wonderfully rich and diverse, different population on earth, living in all sorts of different places.

And the number of people in total living on planet earth right now is eight billion people.

It's actually just slightly under eight billion, I rounded up a little bit, but there's almost eight billion people on earth.

And we write the number eight billion like this.

We write eight and then nine zeroes after it, 8,000,000,000.

Now you might have been doing some place value in your maths lessons and you might have looked at ones and tens or maybe even hundreds.

Here we've got eight billion.

That's the same as 1,000 million or 8,000 million, a huge, huge, huge number.

And it's fun to write, we write it as eight billion.

So we write an eight and then we write nine zeros and you can see that there's commas help you to make sure that you've got the correct number of zeros because they're chunked into three.

So let's see if you can.

My first challenge for you today is I wonder if you can write that number, 'cause it's a really cool, big number is how many people there are on the planet earth.

And so we need to know the population of the planet earth.

So I'm going to challenge you to see if you can write this number in words and in numbers.

So take a look at it.

It's eight billion and it's eight and then it's got nine zeroes after it.

Are you ready for your challenge? Let's give it a go, let's see if you can write it.

So first pause task.

Can you write the population of the earth, and can you write it in words, eight billion? And can you write it in numbers? Pause the video and see if you can write it down in words and numbers now.

Awesome work, well done.

First task done already and you're working hard.

Let's see if you've got it correct.

So I'm going to put the correct answers up and you can give yourself a big tick if you've got it correct.

So eight billion in words should look like this, eight billion.

Make sure you spelled it correctly.

If you haven't spelled it correctly, then you can do a quick check and edit.

Now you can just quickly edit it so you've got the correct word, the correct spelling and in numbers, do you remember how we write eight billion in numbers? That's right it's eight and then nine zeros to write eight billion.

So it should look like this, eight and then with nine zero eight billion people.

So we've already learned how many people there are in total living on earth at the moment, almost eight billion people.

But the population hasn't always been eight billion.

The population is changing and the population has been changing over time.

How many people live on earth at any one time has been changing over time.

I'm going to show you a graph now, and the graph will show you how it's been changing, how the population has been changing.

So here's a graph of the population of earth and how it's changed over time.

Now you're going to have to look closely at this because it's a bit complicated to begin with.

Don't worry about this purple line here for now.

Just look at this green section.

So you'll notice that the numbers up here tell us how many people are living on earth, the population, and at the bottom, we've got the year.

So we know that if we look at this left hand side here all the way over here, I can see that at the bottom it's got the year and the year is the year 1700 and in the year 1700, so about 300 years ago, just over 300 years ago, 320 years ago, there were 600 million people living on earth, okay? So the population of earth in the year 1700 was 600 million.

That's how many people that were living on earth in a year 1700.

In the year 1800, 100 years later, the population had almost doubled to a billion.

So by the year 1800, we got to a billion, about 200 years ago.

Another 100 years, so we got to two billion, actually a little after, by about 1928, we got to two billion.

So we've jumped from 600 million to a billion to two billion.

And then something happens.

When we get to about 1950, the population starts to increase really, really quickly.

So in just the last 70 years, the population has gone from 2.

5 billion, two and a half billion, to where we are now in 2020 which is about 7.

8 billion.

So this is 7.

7 billion, so it was last year.

So about 7.

8 billion or almost eight billion people.

So you can see that only a few hundred years ago, the population was 600 million, not that many compared to today.

And now it's all the way up to eight billion, and experts believe that the population is going to keep growing.

So scientists that study this think that the population is going to keep going up.

And so by the end of this century in 2100, the population might be as high as 11 billion.

By the year 2050, so in just 30 years time, the population might be almost 10 billion people.

So we can see how the population is changing all the time and growing and growing.

There's more people on the planet at any one time.

So why is this the case? Why is it the case that the population is going bigger and bigger and bigger? There's more people all the time living on earth.

Well, let's look at some of the reasons why.

And to understand this, when you think about birth rates and death rates, how many people are being born at any one time and how many people are dying at any one time? So every minute, every single minute across the world, there are 250 babies being born.

So since the start of this lesson, about 2,500 babies have been born all around the world.

Now, of course, it's not just people being born that's adding to the population because suddenly, people are dying all the time across the world as well.

And about 120 people die every minute across the whole world.

Now, because more people are being born every minute than dying, that means that there's an extra 130 people on the planet every minute.

That's why the population is growing in the way it is.

It's getting bigger, there's more people than there were before every minute because there's more people being born than the dying.

And so even by the end of this lesson which will last about an hour, there will be about an extra 7,800 people across the planet.

The population will have grown by about 7,800, just by the end of this geography lesson that you're doing.

So the population is growing all of the time.

Let's see if you can remember some of those key facts.

So here's a little question to see if you've been paying close attention.

I'd like you to tell me approximately which means about, 'cause we don't know the exact numbers, obviously, but approximately how many more people are there on earth every minute? Is there an extra 120 people every minute, an extra 130 people every minute, an extra 250 people, every minutes or an extra 7,800 people every minute? What does the population grow by every minute? Pick your answer.

You can just put your finger on the correct answer.

Which one do you think is right? Did you choose B, 130? If you did, well done, give yourself a big pat on the back, that's amazing.

There's about an actual 130 people every single minute on the planet.

So the population at the moment is just under eight billion, but it's getting bigger and bigger all of the time.

And the population of the earth is growing all at the time.

Great work, so that's how many people there are.

Where do they all live? Where do those eight billion people around the world live? Let's take a closer look.

People live in all sorts of different places.

They live in all sorts of different places around the world.

They might live in places like this.

They might live in places like this.

They could even live in places like this.

Now we need to look at some new language, some new vocabulary to help us talk about where different people live.

The first word that we're going to look at is dense or densely populated.

Now, if we said an area is densely populated, it means lots of people live close together because dense means packed close together.

If something's dense, then it's really packed tightly together, okay? Maybe you get your fist together and put them densely together, dense.

They're close together.

So if an area is densely populated, it means that lots of people all live really close to each other.

In quite a small amount of land, lots of people are living close together.

So an area could be densely populated.

There could be lots of people living closely together, but it could also be sparsely populated.

Now, if something is sparsely populated, it means that people are quite spread out.

It means that people don't really live close to each other.

There might be one person or a family living somewhere and lots and lots of open land around them.

There aren't too many people living on the land.

So we could have an area that's densely populated, people living close together or tightly close together.

They might be sparsely populated, people living quite far away from anybody else.

Let's test you to see if you can remember those different terms, so we could have density populated or sparsely populated.

So what does densely populated mean? Can you remember, this is new vocabulary, it's tough vocabulary, but I know that you're really, really clever.

And so I want you to be using this new vocabulary because densely populated mean that people are living far away from each other or if an area is densely populated, does it mean that people are very close together? Put your finger on A or B, which do you think is the correct definition of densely populated? Choose now.

Did you choose B? Well done if you did.

Don't worry if you didn't, it doesn't matter.

That's why we're doing these little tests now so that it gets the right answer in your head.

If something that densely populated, it means that they're close together.

Okay, well, what about sparsely populated? If densely populated means that they live close together, what does it mean if they're sparsely populated? Put your finger on the correct answer.

A, people living far away from each other or B really close together? Well done if you chose people living far away from each other.

So we've got our new vocabulary.

Let's put that into practise.

Vocabulary is like a toolkit.

Once you've got lots of new vocabulary, you can use it.

So let's put it into good use, your new tools or new language or new vocabulary.

I'll get a few of these pictures that we looked at before.

That's when you can see, you might just be able to spot there, that little house there where there's somebody living, maybe there's a little family living there.

Maybe it's somebody just living on their own.

And then there's this picture here, lots and lots and lots of tall buildings and buildings packed closely together, tightly together.

So which of these pictures, this is my question for you, which of these pictures would you describe as densely populated and which of the pictures would you describe as sparsely populated? So pause the video and match the picture now with the correct label.

Point the one that you think is densely populated and say it's densely populated, and point to the sparsely populated and say sparsely populated.

Okay, hopefully you've had a chance to put your new language to use.

So this first picture here where there's just one person or maybe a family living far away from anybody else, this little area is sparsely populated.

There aren't many people living there, but this area on the right is very densely populated.

There's lots of people living there.

Now, areas can be sparsely populated or density populated for all sorts of different reasons.

It might be that where areas are densely populated, there are lots of jobs.

There are lots of job opportunities, so people want to go and live there.

It might be that those areas that are densely populated have lots of natural resources nearby.

Maybe they're close to a river where there's lots of nice, fresh water that can be used or maybe they're near to a coast where people could easily the access the sea to go fishing and go exploring and trade.

So places can be densely populated and sparsely populated for all sorts of different reasons.

An area might be sparsely populated because it's quite cold, and so it's quite difficult to live there or maybe the land isn't very good to farm on, so people didn't really settle there to live there because you couldn't really grow any crops.

Places can be densely populated and sparsely populated for all sorts of different reasons.

So let's see if you can write a paragraph all about that now.

Your next task is a bit tricky, but I know that you can do it.

You can use some of my ideas, but you might have some ideas of your own.

I'm sure that you do because you're very, very clever.

Why do you think some places are more densely populated than others? So to help with this, I've got a few sentence starters which you can choose to use if you'd like to or you can just do your own thing, that's fine too.

You might say, I think some places are more densely populated than others because, then give your reasons.

And you might say, I know the reasons.

So don't just give one reason, you might give lots of different reasons.

Pause the video and see if you can write as many different reasons for why different areas are densely populated or sparsely populated now if you go.

Awesome work, hopefully you've written a lovely, lovely paragraph there that I'd be very, very interested in seeing.

So this is what I wrote and you can look at yours if you'd like to, and you can read mine and you could use mine to magpie some ideas from, you can just have a little look and stare at a few different ideas to put into yours.

That's absolutely fine.

Or if I mentioned something and you mentioned it as well in yours, and you could give yourself a tick 'cause you think, oh yes, I've got the same one as Mr. Hutchinson, I can get myself a tick there.

So let's have a look at my answer for you to compare yours to and assess your own work against.

I wrote, I think that some places are more densely populated than others because there are lots of natural resources nearby like rivers and trees.

People would live there because they would be able to access, they would like be able to access the water.

Another reason is that the climate could make some places more densely populated.

So the climate is what the weather patterns are like over a long period of time.

People might like to live in warmer climates because it's more comfortable.

So there are all sorts of different reasons that people live in different places.

And when you see an area that's densely populated in the future, you might like to think, oh, I wonder why that place is very densely populated.

I wonder what the history is.

I wonder why so many people live so close together in that area.

And around the world, the density of population, how many people live close together is different.

People live in different places around the world.

So we've been looking at cities or small areas of land.

Let's now look at the whole world and see what the population density is around the world.

So here's a map of the world that you can see here, and it shows where different people live.

And you'll notice that there's different shades of pink and red.

The darker the shade, the higher the population density, okay? So if on this map, it's really dark like here, it means that that area is very densely populated.

Lots of people live really close together.

If it's really light, like up here, it means that it's very sparsely populated, people live very far apart.

There aren't many people living on the land that is there.

So have a look at this map.

Now there aren't countries on this map.

So I'm going to ask you to use your own knowledge of any countries that you know, and if you don't know the countries, that's okay.

You can just point to them and I might tell you the name of them in a moment, but the first task that I would like you to do is have a look at this map of the world, and I'd like you to find two areas with a high population density, with lots of people living close together.

So pause the video and find at least two areas now with high population density.

Amazing, great work for finding the areas that are a bit darker that show that more people are living closely together.

So you might have found this area here.

So this large country here is India, and you can see that India is quite densely populated, but even more densely populated next to it is this country here which is Bangladesh.

You may have gone over to East Asia and you may have seen that in East Asia, this country here which is South Korea, is really densely populated.

Lots of people living close together in South Korea.

It's not a very big country, but lots of people live there.

You might have gone to Europe and noticed that just here at the top of Europe, this is the Netherlands or Holland, it's really densely populated, it's very dark there.

You might have looked here.

So here, this is in the Middle East and this is Israel.

This country here is Israel, and Israel is really density populated, a small country, but lots of people living there.

You might have looked at where we live, in the United Kingdom and noticed that we're not too densely populated.

We're about in the middle.

So if we look at our key over here, I would say that we are maybe this shade of red here which says that there's 150 to 300 people living in every square kilometre.

So if you took a random kilometre of land, there would be between 150 and 300 people.

Now a square kilometre of land is very large.

You could fit about 150 football pitches in one square kilometre.

And there's about 150 to 300 people.

So on average, people in England have about a football pitch each.

Of course, it's different for different people in different places.

If you live in a city, for example, like I live in London and there's lots and lots of people really, really squished close together.

And I live on a street with hundreds and hundreds of people.

And the city has millions of people, all squished close together.

So it's very densely populated, but there are other places in England and the United Kingdom where people live quite far away from each other.

I wonder about where you live.

I wonder about whether where you live is quite densely populated or quite sparsely populated.

Do you live in a place like me, like a city where it's very densely populated and people all live really closely together and there's lots of people around or do you live in a place perhaps like in the countryside where there's lots and lots of fields and woods and your house isn't really too close to anybody else's house? What about you, do you live somewhere that's densely populated or sparsely populated? I wonder.

So we had a look at some of the places that are very densely populated, and you looked at some of the countries and areas that are densely populated.

Let's now look at areas that have a low population density when not many people live there.

So where people live, they live quite far away from other people.

So now you're not looking for the dark shades, you're looking for the lighter shades.

Can you find at least two areas or countries, pointing your fingers and showing me where the population density is very low? Pause the video and find all the areas where the population density is low.

Give that a go now.

Awesome work.

Well done, very, very impressed.

So the first place that you might have spotted is actually a place that's not pink at all.

It's grey, and it's this place at the bottom here, and that's not a country, that's a whole continent.

That's the continent of, do you know the name of that continent? Well done if you said Antarctica.

It's Antarctica which is at the bottom of the planet earth.

So earth is a board, it's a sphere and right at the bottom of the sphere, so if my fist is earth, right in the bottom is Antarctica.

Because it's at the bottom and the sun's rays can't really directly hit it, they just sort of like swish past, it gets extremely cold, so Antarctica is extremely cold.

It's so cold that people can't live there.

There are no people permanently living on Antarctica.

There are some science stations.

So some scientific laboratories are there where some very, very brave and clever scientists go and study Antarctica, but they don't live there forever.

They go there for a little while and then they go back to live somewhere else where the conditions are easier to live in, and there are more sorts of resources around that they can find.

So you might have noticed an Antarctica, it's the only continent where there's no permanent people living, but you might have also noticed some other areas.

So you might have noticed that Australia is very sparsely populated.

And that's the opposite reason to, I'm so sorry, I didn't show you that, Australia here.

Australia is both a continent and a country.

So it's a land mass that is very often classified as a continent, sometimes with some of these other islands around.

But this is the country of Australia and it's very sparsely populated.

And that's the opposite reason to Antarctica.

Australia is sparsely populated because it's extremely hot.

So lots of Australia is so hot that even animals find it difficult to live there.

Things find it difficult to grow there.

And so it's very sparsely populated.

You might have noticed this area in Africa.

So this area here that is very sparsely populated and that's what's sometimes called Sahara in Africa where there's the Sahara Desert, again, very hot things can't really survive there very easily.

In South America here, large areas are sparsely populated, large areas of Brazil and Argentina, there's Chile here, Peru, there's Bolivia.

And these areas are sparsely populated because there's lots and lots of rain forests.

Again, it's very hot tropical conditions, but there's lots of rain forests where people haven't dropped down those rain forests to build cities and live there.

Instead, the rain forests are still there, and so people can't really live there.

Canada at the top here which is very cold is sparsely populated.

Saudi Arabia which is largely very, very hot and lots of desert in Saudi Arabia, sparsely populated, not many people.

Russia up here is very sparsely populated.

Again, very, very cold, very harsh conditions.

So not too many people living there and Scandinavia, these countries up here, very sparsely populated.

So there are people living in those countries.

There's millions of people living in those countries, but they live very far apart in the land because of the conditions there.

So that's the population density of the planet earth.

And you might want to do a bit more research into the population density of different countries, but that's the population density, that's how close together people are living.

I wonder how many people live in each country.

I wonder what the population of different countries are.

We know that the population of the whole of the planet earth is, oh, can you remember? What's the population of the planet earth? Tell me, say it again.

Eight billion or almost eight billion, great work.

The population of planet earth is almost eight billion.

Where do those people live? How many people in each country? Well, I've got a little pie chart to show you.

Here, this pie chart shows you how many people that are in different countries.

So you can see from this pie chart, the largest single country, the population is China.

And there were about 1.

4 billion people living in China.

They are just under 1.

4 billion people living in India.

These countries, China and India, have huge populations, huge populations of over a billion people.

The United Kingdom where we live, there's only about 67 million, about 67 million, whereas in China, there's 1,000 million or a billion, in fact, more than that, there's about 1,400 million.

And you can see that these other countries here, the USA has about 330 million people, but you can see a section of the pie chart here is not as big as India or as big as China.

This grey section here is all of the other countries because there's hundreds of countries around the world.

And all of the other countries put together make about 30% or about 1/3 of the population.

And China makes about 1/5 of the population of the earth.

About one in five people on planet earth live in China.

And you can see that these other countries here have large populations.

So the USA, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Russia, they have large populations, hundreds of millions of people.

The UK only 67 million people.

All of these countries have hundreds of millions of people.

And China and India have over a billion people.

So let's see if you've been listening carefully.

Your last question, we're almost there.

The United States of America, the USA.

The USA that has the largest population than any other country on earth.

Is that true or false? Is it true that the USA has the largest population on earth? Point to the correct answer.

Let's look at our pie chart again.

What was the country with the biggest population, the most people, the largest section? It's China.

China has over 1.

4 billion people.

The USA is just this smaller section here.

It's still a lot of people, it's still about 330 million people, but it's nowhere near as big as China or as India.

And so that's false.

The USA does not have a larger population than any other country.

China has the largest population.

That's our lesson for today, finished.

We've learned all about the population of the earth.

We've learned about different population densities and how in some places, people live very close together and other places, people live a bit further apart.

We've learned about the population density of different countries and how many people live in different countries around the world.

You already have so much more geographical knowledge, knowledge of the world and the people within it.

Well done, I can see that your brain is throbbing because it's got so big.

Give yourself a pat on the back, you rock.

You're awesome, but you're not quite finished yet because to lock all that knowledge in your brain, you need to do the quiz.

So now is your chance to go back to that quiz.

So in fact, it's the post-quiz so you're going to the next part of this lesson and complete that quiz to lock all of that knowledge and get lots of correct answers hopefully.

If you've been making some beautiful notes and answering these questions in your notebook or on your piece of paper, and you've really taken a lot of care and you think, I'm really proud of this, I want to share it to Mr. Hutchinson, then you can do that.

You just need to ask your parent or your carer to take a photo of it and then pop that photo onto Twitter.

And they need to use the hashtag hashtag #ONAvillages because our unit is villages, towns, and cities.

So at #ONAvillages, and if they put @OakNational, I'll check that hashtag and I'll read every piece of work that comes through with that hashtag because I'd love to see the work that you're doing.

Well done for working so hard.

In our next lesson, we're going to continue thinking about villages, towns, cities, population, where people live.

We're going to have a little bit of a look about what the difference between a village, a town and a city is.

Can't wait to see you for that lesson.

Well done for paying close attention and working really hard for the whole of this lesson, and I'll see you next time.