Hello again, this is our second lesson on textiles our second of five, and I'm really pleased that you can join me today.

In our last lesson, we looked at what textiles are.

and hopefully you can remember that textiles are things made of cloth and that we can use the word cloth, fabric, or material, to describe textiles.

We looked at all sorts of textiles we could find around the house didn't we? We also looked a little bit how textiles are made and we deconstructed some fabric.

One of the ways that we found that textiles can be made is by weaving.

I've got an example of some weaving here.

This is my favourite weaving it's my fluffy blanket.

This is the blanket that when it's cold and dark outside, I pop on my lap and I like to snuggle down and watch TV with tea when I'm relaxing.

This blanket, if you look has got threads that run this way down.

And if you look really carefully, you can see there are some threads that run that way.

And it's by combining those two threads, weaving them together into looking them that we make the blanket.

I love this blanket it's so soft.

Here's a different example.

And if you look at this, the pattern is completely different isn't it? This one looks like it's striped, and the stripes sort of run across or down the blanket.

Whereas this one almost looks like it's got arrows.

I don't know if you can see those pointing up.

Now the patterns are completely different because they have been woven in slightly different ways.

The ways that the fabrics have been locked together is subtly different.

And by doing that, we can make a different fabric.

So even though they're both blue, the pattern on it is completely different.

My blouse is also woven, but my blouse is quite fine and silky feeling whereas the blankets are fluffy.

That's because the threads in my blouse are much much finer than the threads that have been used in the blanket.

So you can see, these are quite chunky thick threads and you can see each one running down, can't you.

Whereas in my blouse, you can't see them at all.

That's because of the threads that they've used.

Now we're going to have go doing some weaving ourselves and we're going to look at little bit at how weavings are made in this lesson.

If you look around you you'll realise that weavings are everywhere.

You might be wearing something that's woven now, you might be sitting on something that is woven.

There might be something woven hanging on the wall around you.

There's something hanging behind my head isn't there? So let's get on let's see if we can start our lesson and I'm going to tell you what you're going to need.

So this is the equipment you're going to need for this lesson.

You're going to need a sketchbook.

Now that can just be some loose pieces of paper that you stack together or it might be a sketchbook.

A pencil or something to write with.

I don't mind if it's pen for ease rather than pencil I like drawing in pen.

Scissors.

Now as we're using scissors you do need to make sure that you have adult supervision.

I don't want you to get hurt.

Some paper.

Now the paper that you're using for this would be helpful If it's different to your sketchbook paper.

It could just be an old magazine, It could be a newspaper.

If you can find something like you can see in the picture there, something that's bright and colourful that's good, but it doesn't have to be so that we can practise our weaving later on.

Some string or some yarn.

Doesn't matter.

The string you can see in the picture there is just something that I had tied around to parcel.

Some card.

Now it could just be an old cereal box that you've chopped up.

It could be something that you've had in the delivery.

It needs to be fairly stiff, but not so stiff that you can't cut it easily.

But stiff enough that it will hold its shape.

if you're using it to make something.

And you're going to need some tape.

So in our lesson today, we're going to recap on what we've learned so far about textiles 'cause you've already learned an awful lot.

Find out about weaving.

You're going to develop your own weaving skills, and then you're going to create your own weaving and it should be good, fun I hope you're going to enjoy it.

Our keywords, the things that are going to be really useful if you know our pattern.

And we talked a lot about pattern in our last lesson didn't we? A repeated design.

And pattern is a really key part of textiles.

You can do more than pattern with textiles, but it is one of the key things you can do in it.

Weaving, which is the focus of our lesson which is a way of interlacing threads.

Hopefully by the end of the lesson you'll have a really really good idea.

A really good understanding of weaving.

Warp which is the length wise threads in weaving.

That sounds a bit weird at the moment, doesn't it? But by the end of the lesson, you'll understand what that word means.

Weft, which is the threads drawn through the warp.

Again, you won't necessarily understand what that means but by the end of the lesson, you will have a pretty good idea.

And hopefully you'll be able to use both of those words appropriately.

And yarn, which is a length of interlocked threads.

And we looked at yarn didn't we? At the end of our lesson last time, while we untwisted a piece of thread and we realised it was made of lots and lots of different fibres that are being twisted and locked together.

Now, before we move on to our weaving let's just stop and think for a minute, patterns.

Patterns are all around us and there's lots of pattern, isn't it? That's my dress that you can see on the screen at the moment.

Patterns are everywhere.

They're not just part of textiles, they're part of our daily lives and they are everywhere.

Quite often they're the things that we choose to decorate our houses with or that draw us to something.

They are every way they might be on your floor, that's my bathroom floor.

On bags, on plates, dinner plates, everywhere you go, you can see patterns, you are surrounded by them.

So we're going to spend a little bit of time just thinking about that.

And you're going to use that in your drawing warmup.

What you need to do is take a piece of paper from your sketchbook or one of your separate pieces of paper if you've not got a sketchbook and you're going to split it into four sections so your page looks like this.

Again, I haven't used a ruler, so it doesn't matter if it's not quite straight, but it needs to be four sort of even boxes.

Once you've done that, what you're going to do is look around where you are, and you're going to see if you can find four different patterns.

And you're going to draw one pattern in each box.

You're going to add some colour to it if you can, if you can't it doesn't matter.

And just really carefully look at that.

Now some patterns are really really complicated.

So if you find one that is really really complex, don't panic, just draw the bits of it that you can see and try and have a really good look at it.

It's the idea of looking at patterns that we're looking at at the moment.

Lots of looking there, and not necessarily your ability to draw them.

So I want you to pause the video, see if you can find four different patterns, and then start it up again and I'll be waiting for you when you've done that.

Now well done.

I hope you enjoyed that, I did.

I've been on a hunt around my house and this is what I found.

I found that you can find pattern on the floor.

I didn't have quite the right colours to colour mine but you get the idea don't you? And that's a very geometric a very sort of mathematical pattern, isn't it? I found a pattern on the front of a bag that I used to get my shopping.

And again can you see, I've just done my best to capture the idea of the pattern is not exactly the same as the bag, but it gives you a pretty good idea.

There's the floor from my hallway.

And that is a really complicated pattern so I just did my best to try and capture the idea of it.

And there were patterns on plates.

I hope that you are you like my drawings.

And I have to say, I'm really impressed with yours.

Well done good-looking.

Now is patterns and colour that make textiles interesting, isn't it? Is how we use those.

And you might remember these pictures from our last lesson where we talked about the importance of pattern and how different pattern can be.

Patterns are everywhere aren't they? And one of the things that you can do with weaving, is to create patterns.

Do you remember the blankets I showed you earlier? The patterns in those were made by the way that they were woven.

So what's weaving? Weaving is a way of interlocking different sets of threads or yarns together to make something.

Here's an example.

Now in this example, they haven't used yarns They have used cane which is like flexible, long, thin sticks that you can bend and twist together.

And they've made a basket using that.

So you can use weaving to make things other than cloth, but quite often there is cloth that you make.

Here are two other examples, and they're very different, aren't they? One is a rough canvas, and one is a sort of a piece of fabric with great big bubbles on it.

Now they're very very different aren't they? But in all of those examples, you can see very very clearly that there's a structure that goes across like this, and there's a structure that goes up and down like that, can you? And that's how weaving works.

People have been weaving for thousands and thousands of years.

And I always think that's really really fascinating.

And every time you put on a piece of cloth that's been woven, you're putting on something that is part of our heritage, part of our past.

Because people have been weaving for so long we've become experts at it.

People in ancient Roman times in ancient Greece, wove their own clothes.

So it's quite special isn't it? To think that weaving is something that is so ancient.

So when you have doing your weaving later, just remember that.

But what is weaving? Weaving is cloth made by weaving yarns or threads together.

We've already said that, haven't we? I really want you to get the idea.

Now it's made using a machine called a loom.

And you can get of all sorts of different looms. If you look on this machine, you can see can't you? There're sort of threads in the background going up and over the back of the machine.

And then you can see the piece of fabric being developed.

Now that's a piece of Tolton.

And you can see really, really clearly there's a very distinct pattern on that.

Looms can be huge and they create massive great big lengths of fabric.

If you think about your sheets on your bed, that needs to be one really large piece of fabric doesn't it? If you've ever gone to the shop and bought some fabric, maybe your mum or your dad or your grandpa or grandma make or someone in your family someone you know make curtains or they might make clothes and you go to their shop you can find it can't you? They are great big rolls.

And you need a great big machine, a machine that does that.

Now there are two different machines there, aren't they? One that looks like it's constructed by quite a lot of wood, and one that's baked by quite a lot of metal.

Machines can be made with all sorts of different things.

Some of the looms are absolute huge, and I think very very noisy.

But looms can also be much smaller.

And we've got two different people here, both interestingly weaving what looks like a bit like a Tolton, by hand.

Now we say they're weaving it by hand, because the thing that's powering the loom is actually people's hands.

So hence the phrase 'By hand.

' They're the people making their the thing making the fabric go in and out, weaving it together.

Whereas on the machine is all done by the machine, okay? So you can get fabric that is made by hand, on a hand loom or by a machine.

Now let's have a little look at how things are constructed.

Obviously this is not a piece of fabric, but I thought it would be easier to show you what a warp is, if we use some colour 'cause it's clearer to see.

Now the warp is the length wise strands that give the weaving some structure.

And if you look there, I've labelled it warp.

And they are the strands that run from the very top.

I'm trying to work out where I am in the camera.

Very top all the way down, they run sort of lap way, don't they? Top to bottom, they're the vertical strands.

And they're the strands that give it some structure that will give its strengths and sort of help hold it together.

Then you have the weft and the weft interlocks and they run from side to side it says that doesn't it? These are the strands that go in and out of the weft.

And they sort of wiggle like this, like a fish almost.

They wiggle through the warp.

And looking those two things together almost like a net like this, is what makes the fabric.

Now you can change the pattern we talked about pattern, didn't we? Patterns in weaving are really really important.

And you change the pattern and weaving by the way that you change the warp and the weft.

So the warp and weft are the things that run straight down and straight across.

The warp is the one that goes from top to bottom, and the weft goes from side to side.

And if you change the colour of those, you can change the pattern that you create.

So in this piece of weaving, this has the same colour warp.

If you look across the top, all of those strands going from top to bottom, are sort of a grey white colour, aren't they? They're the same colour.

But the weft is different.

Every other strand of the weft was blue and the alternative ones were white.

So it sort of went blue, white, blue, white, blue, white.

And combining those together is what makes it have spots.

So it's the way that the warp and the weft are changed that gives you the different pattern.

Let's have a look at a different one.

By changing the colour of the warp and the weft you can alter the pattern.

This picture shows a striped piece of weaving.

And if we look at it very carefully, you can see the warp and the weft are different colours.

Look Cathy can you work out what the pattern is? How have they made the stripes? Okay the warp from the top to the bottom.

Yep, the warp across the top there they could run from top to bottom are different colours, aren't they? It goes blue, grey, blue, grey.

And then if we look at the weft, they're also alternative colours, aren't they? They're blue, grey, blue, black, grey, blue, grey.

But the ways that they have been woven together, the way they've been put on top of each other means that the two blues are encountering each other, the two greys are encountering each other, which makes it have stripes.

There we go.

Now look at this piece of weaving.

That's much more complicated.

There is a pattern to it, but it's quite a complicated pattern, isn't it? I'm not sure I could even begin to explain it.

So remember by changing the warp and the weft, you can create different patterns.

Now let's look at these weavings for a moment.

If you look carefully at them, you can see that the warp from the top to the bottom is very clear in them, isn't it? The stripey one has got a white warp, and the other one has got a green warp.

And I just wanted to include these to show you that weavings don't have to just have patterns.

The one with the green warp on the right hand side, has almost to me it looks like a waterfall.

Somebody said to me it looks reminds them of a goldfish bowl.

But it's a very beautiful sort of picture, isn't it? I almost think that it looks like there's water pouring down and they've used the colour quite interestingly.

And I quite like the way there's a gap at the top.

Whereas the striped piece on the side shows you very clearly how you can create a very very distinct pattern.

So weaving can be used to create patterns, but weaving can also be used to create pictures.

Which one do you like best? So let's just recap for a minute.

Can you remember what are the threads that run from the top to the bottom? So top to bottom vertically, what are they called? Are they the warp or are they the weft? Think carefully, can you remember? Yes they're the warp, aren't they? The warp runs from top to bottom.

So we're going to have a good doing some weaving of our own now.

You can weave using all sorts of different things so don't panic.

If you what you're using is different to what I've got available, that's absolutely fine.

Use what you've got.

So you just need to have something that is fairly flexible and that can be cut so you can use it and it needs to be quite bendy.

Make sure you've got what you need to hand.

You're going to need some wool, or you might need some string.

You could use ribbon, or you could use strips of a plastic bag.

Now if you're using the plastic bag they do need to be quite long strips.

And I would possibly try and combine them with something else like the string.

Because the warp needs to be very long.

The weft however, can be a little bit shorter.

You might want to use a combination of those things.

So pause the video now and go and get those things so you've got them to hand.

So let's create our own loom.

Now you are all going to need adult supervision for this because you will be using scissors.

Watch this section, this slide, and then pause it in a moment when I tell you, so you know what you're doing.

The first thing you need to do is take your piece of cardboard.

It could be the side of a cereal box, it might be part of a cup or box, but it needs to be stiff enough to hold its shape and not so stiff that you can't cut it easily.

So you're going to take a piece of card and you're going to draw a line about two centimetres away from the top of it.

And then you're going to do the same thing at the bottom of it about two centimetres away from the edge.

Once you've done that, you're going to mark every centimetre along that line, and cut a groove down to that mark.

Can you see at the top of that picture, you can see the piece of cardboard that I made with the grooves along the top, and along the bottom.

Now cut them carefully.

Try not to go beyond the line that you made.

Otherwise your weaving in a moment might go a bit weird.

Okay right pause the video here, and get on with making this part of your loom and I'll tell you what to do after that in a moment.

Pause the video, good luck.

What do we need to do next? Well, I'm going to explain.

I've made a video because it's quite tricky to explain.

The first thing you're going to need to do, is to take your piece of cardboard.

Can you see it it's got those groups at the top and the bottom, and you're going to turn it over.

And you're going to take your tape and you're going to stick a long piece of string to be the warp.

And can you see how long it is? I'd watch the whole video before you pause to do this and then you weave it, slotting the string into those grooves, top and bottom.

To the bottom to the top and you weave it.

Can you see I'm going round the back and over to the front.

It's just easier to do it like that.

And you may need to make sure that you don't pull it so tightly that your loom, which is what you're making at the moment, becomes bent.

You want to just try and lay it across the top.

So keep going, see how long you need to have a really long piece of string is long enough to do this.

And then you turn over, take another piece of tape and stick it.

Now if you haven't got tape, you might be clever enough to knock that tapes just quicker.

And that's what you should have.

Now you take what you're going to use to be your weft.

I'm using some green ribbon there, and you weave it.

You go under, over, under, over, and you keep going.

Do you remember I said it was a little bit like a fish weaving through.

Keep going onto and over the warp, until you get to the other end.

Keep going and you pull it through.

Now I haven't in the video if you wanted to you could tie it at the end.

You might want to stick it at the back so that it doesn't come out, and you need to push it right down to the bottom.

Then when you've done that you need to do.

Now can you see this? I'm going under the one I've just gone over.

So you're doing the opposite.

So I'm going under the ones I went over last time and over the ones I went under.

Can you see, look watch very carefully in the video.

So you've go under, over the opposites.

Keep going, keep going.

Can be a bit fiddly.

And then you pull it through and can you see my ribbon got a bit twisted there.

So I've had to untwist it to make sure it all sits nicely.

Oh look, how's it? And then you sort of twist it down.

I will have to untwist it a little bit more 'cause it got caught up.

It doesn't matter if you have to do the same, just be a bit patient and you push it all the way down so it meets the other piece of weft.

And then you keep going you do the same thing.

And again look I went over that one so I'm now going under and over and under and over, but the opposite of what I did before.

So you keep going, and then you pull it through at the end and you pull it through so it sort of sits neatly, but don't pull it too tight otherwise it makes your loom.

Not your loom, your weaving have a funny shape.

Alright and then you push it down so there aren't any gaps in the weft.

There you go.

Now you keep going with that until you finish the top.

So you might want to pause the video now, and have a go at doing that yourself.

Good luck I hope you enjoy it.

Remember the colours that you choose for your weft will alter the pattern that you make.

We've done lots of thinking about pattern today.

So make sure you try and use some of that to help you make a weaving that you're really pleased with.

Now remember weaving is quite time consuming.

This could take you quite a long time, so don't give up.

And if it gets a little bit fiddly, just have a rest for a minute and keep going.

I promise it will be worth persevering.

I'm going to go off and have a go at making my own weaving in a minute.

And I will see you when you we're both finished.

Pause the video and I'll see you in a second.

Good luck.

How did you get on? Did you enjoy that? I have to say I did.

Now this is my finished work, I hope you like it.

I decided I was going to make stripes and I was really pleased with my work because I worked out how to use the warp and the weft to make the stripes.

I used red ribbon and cream ribbon.

And as you can see, I've managed to make it look like the stripes go across horizontally.

I like the way the ribbons got frayed edge because where the it sort of looks through the weft and the warp, they weave together.

It makes sort of like little tufty bits and I think that makes it a little bit more interesting to look at.

I wished that the ribbons I'd used were a little bit thinner because it is a little bit chunky I think my weaving.

And if I'd have had thinner warp and a thinner weft, I've got a more intricate pattern.

I'd love to try adding more colour to my weaving next time.

Now, what you're going to do is to use your sketchbook and you're going to record in your sketchbook what you thought about your weaving.

You might want to stick your weaving into your book, or you're weaving might be too big and too lumpy in which case you might just want to add a little sketch as well.

It's up to you how you do that, but in your sketchbook record what you think about your weaving.

Now pause the video, and have a chance to reflect on what you did.

Are you pleased with it? Do you wish you'd done it differently? Are there things you'd change? What did you learn from doing that weaving? I certainly learned a lot.

Pause the video and I'll see you in a minute.

Now you might like to have a go at creating different weavings now you've become a master weaver.

You can use different materials or you could weave with a different shape loom.

Here's one that I did using plastic bags.

I cut some.

I found some plastic carrier bags, cut them into long thin strips, and created that stripey weaving.

And then I decided as I've mastered that, I'd have a go at something a bit harder.

Now at the circle that I'm using there or I used there, was the box base of a pizza.

And I cut grooves all the way around the edge, at fairly regular intervals.

And then I created a circular weaving.

If you look the middle bit, I've found a little bit tricky, but as I went further and further out it seemed to get simpler and simpler.

I quite like that weaving.

So I'm going to go off later on and finish it off.

As I said, weaveing can take a very very long time and that certainly taken me a long time and it's still not finished.

I've had to give up on finishing it to show you 'cause it was taking me too long.

but I'm really quite pleased with that.

If you'd like to share your work with Oak National, this is how you do it.

Ask your parent or carer first, and they can load your work onto Twitter tagging @OakNational or #LearnwithOak.

I'd love to see what you've been doing.

Remember ask a parent or carer first.

I'll see you next lesson, goodbye.