Hi, I'm Mrs. Allchin and I'm going to be taking you through the citizenship lesson today.

I'm going to give you all the information that you need to be able to take part in the lesson and I'll also pause and tell you when you need to complete an activity or complete a check for understanding.

I hope you enjoy the lesson.

This lesson is called: What Are Rights in Relation to the Police? And it's taken from the unit of work: Does Our Legal System Protect Citizens' Rights? By the end of this lesson, you will be able to explain the role of the police, including their powers and a citizen's rights in relation to the police.

These are our keywords for today's lesson.

We have enforce: which is to make sure laws or rules are followed.

Police powers: which are the legal authority given to police to maintain order, prevent crime, and protect the public.

And dignity: which is being treated with respect and fairness.

So this is our lesson outline for the lesson: What Are My Rights in Relation to the Police? We're going to look at: What is the role of the police? We're then going to look at: What rights do the police have? And then we're going to finish with looking at: What rights do citizens have? So we're going to start by looking at the role of the police.

So the UK legal system is made up of different parts with each playing a crucial role in ensuring that laws are followed, citizens are kept safe, and of course, justice is served.

So it starts with Parliament.

Parliament make laws that all citizens must then follow.

The police then enforce those laws by investigating potential crime, making arrests and gathering evidence that can be used in court.

And then we have the judiciary, the judges that apply the law within the courtroom, ensuring justice.

So the police play a really important role within that legal system.

That's what we're going to have a look at today.

So Andeep is asking, "But what do the police actually do? What does enforce the law mean?" So let's pause and have a little think about that yourself.

And you might want to consider how they are organised, policing priorities, different roles within the police and how they engage with citizens.

In the UK, the police are organised into forces.

There are 43 police forces that cover England and Wales, slightly different in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

There is one single police force in those areas.

So Police Scotland and Police Service of Northern Ireland.

Police may have regional priorities based on crime data for that area, but there are also national policing priorities that all police forces will work towards tackling.

And for example, the Met Police, which is the London police force, has national responsibility for anti-terrorism.

And then issues such as organised crime, violence against women and girls, which you refer to as VAWG, and cyber crime would be classed as national policing priorities.

So regardless of what police force you work for as a police officer or member of police staff, they would still be priorities for you because they're national priorities.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Which national police issue is missing from the list below? So we've got: organised crime, violence against women and girls, VAWG.

So what's missing? Cyber crime.

Police are ultimately public servants.

They work on behalf of the government and play a crucial role in enforcing the laws made by Parliament.

So let's listen to what police officer Kofi has to say.

So he's saying, "When I was appointed as a police officer, I swore an oath promising to act with fairness, integrity, diligence and impartiality.

I pledge to uphold human rights, keep the peace and prevent offences against people and property." So the police play a really, really crucial role and that's why they actually swear this oath when they are appointed.

So it's really, really clear about that role and its importance in society.

This is emphasised further via the code of practise for ethical policing, which aims to promote and ensure the values mentioned in the oath are integral to all areas of policing.

So they should ripple through all of the areas of policing.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Can you name a quality that is identified in the oath all police officers swear to? So you may have said one of these: fairness, integrity, diligence, impartiality or you might have referred to how they would also show respect towards human rights, keep the peace and prevent offences.

Police constables maintain law and order by responding to incidents, investigating crimes and working closely with the community.

They work on the ground.

So actually out and about in communities with people, enforcing the law and make up the largest number of police officers.

There are different ranks within the police to ensure teams are managed effectively and policing priorities are addressed.

If you like, pause and see if you can think of any of the different ranks within the police.

So there are lots of different ranks within the police.

Let's have a look.

So we've got Police Constables then it goes up to Sergeants, Inspectors, Chief Inspectors, Superintendents, Assistant Chief Constables, Deputy Chief Constables, and then a Chief Constable.

And that's really, really important because it means that there's lots and lots of police constables on the ground, working in communities, doing the day-to-day jobs of ultimately enforcing the law.

Then we've also got lots of strategic roles as we work up through the police force.

And those higher ranking police officers will have really clear strategic responsibility for key areas, such as VAWG, violence against women and girls.

So just like in a school where you have a senior leadership team with different people responsible for different areas, that happens within the police force as well and that helps to ensure that their priorities are met.

So Andeep is asking, "What is a Police and Crime Commissioner? A PCC?" So pause and have a think for yourselves.

The position of the PCC was established in 2012 and a PCC is elected by the public to be responsible for overseeing the police force in that specific area.

And their role is to ensure that policing meets the needs of the community by setting priorities, managing police budgets, and holding the Chief Constable accountable.

PCCs do not enforce the law so they're not able to make arrests, but they are focused on strategic decision making, crime prevention, and improving public confidence in policing.

So in a lot of ways they can almost act as that bridge between communities and the police.

So let's have a check for understanding.

Can you identify a key difference between a PCC and a police officer? So you may have said that PCCs are elected whereas officers are appointed, as a job.

PCCs cannot make arrests whereas officers can.

Or you may have said that PCCs focus on ensuring policing meets a need of the community, whereas officers focus on enforcing the law.

Although of course community relationships are still important Andeep's asking, "What about school police officers? Why do these roles exist?" So pause and have a think for yourself.

It might be that you've got a school police officer in your school.

Some schools will have a police officer attached to them for a certain number of days each week.

They may be called Safer School Police Officers or something similar.

This is a really key role within community policing and it aims to promote positive relationships between young people and the police.

The aim of school police officers is to educate pupils about the law, to build trust within communities and support if and when incidents of crime within the school community do occur.

The police play an important role within our legal system by maintaining law and order, preventing and investigating crime, protecting the public, responding to emergencies and enforcing laws.

And these roles work together ensuring that citizens can enjoy a safe and just society.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Can you match the police role head to the police role tail? So for the heads we've got: maintaining law, preventing and, protecting the, responding to, and enforcing.

So each one of them needs one of these tails.

So we've got: public, and order, laws, investigating crime, and emergencies.

Pause and have a go.

So we've got maintaining law and order, preventing and investigating crime, protecting the public, responding to emergencies, and enforcing laws.

For Task A, I'd like you to write a welcome letter to a recently appointed police officer.

The letter should remind the officer of their main duties and the importance of ethical policing.

Pause while you have a go at this task.

Your welcome letter to a recently appointed police officer may have included: "Dear Officer, Welcome to your new role as a police officer.

I appreciate the important job you have in enforcing the law, protecting the public and preventing crime.

Your role is vital in keeping people safe and making sure that justice is served fairly.

I know that being a police officer comes with great responsibility and the police oath is a reminder of the duty to act with integrity, fairness and respect for everyone.

Ethical policing is so important because trust between the police and the public makes our communities stronger and safer.

I wish you the best in your new role and hope you make a real difference.

Thank you for your service and best wishes." We're now going to move on to look at: What rights do the police have? So the police have been given special powers by Parliament to ensure that they can do their really important job effectively and meet all of the different aspects of their role.

And these are referred to collectively as police powers.

These police powers aim to help police to protect the public, but they do also come with limitations so that these powers cannot be abused.

So Alex is asking, "Do you know what specific powers the police have?" So pause and have a think for yourself.

Is there anything that the police are able to do that they have the power to do because of their job of enforcing the law? So things that other members of the public would not be able to do.

So police powers relate to three main areas and they are: stop and search, power to arrest and then entry, search and seizure.

So Alex is asking, "Have you heard of these powers before; and what do you think they might involve?" So that's what we're going to look at over the next few slides.

But before we do that, pause and have a think for yourself.

What do you know about these police powers? What is it exactly that the police can do? Let's start by looking at stop and search.

Whilst enforcing the law and keeping people safe, the police may need to carry out a stop and search.

And police powers mean that they are able to stop and search any person or vehicle for stolen items or illegal objects or substances.

When carrying out a stop and search, the police officer will be acting on reasonable suspicion that they will find what they are looking for.

So there's a reason, ultimately.

They're stopping someone, talking to them, potentially searching someone, because they have a reason to suspect that they're going to find something illegal.

This might be acting on a description provided by a member of the public or highly suspicious behaviour.

So for example, if they were to see someone leaving a shop with a clear package under their sweatshirt, or if they were to get a description of a person that had just broken into a home and then they saw someone matching that description.

So these would be the kind of things where a police officer might carry out a stop and search.

Let's have a check for understanding.

When police carry out a stop and search, what reasonable suspicion are they acting on? They're acting on the reasonable suspicion that they will find something relating to illegal activity, for example, stolen items or illegal objects or substances.

They also have the power to arrest.

So just as Parliament have the power to make laws, the police have the power to enforce these laws through the power of arrest.

If the police have reason to believe a person is involved in, committing or attempting to commit a crime, they have the power to arrest them.

This involves identifying themselves as the police, stating the reason for the arrest and ensuring that the person is read their rights.

If the person is resisting arrest, if they're particularly angry or emotional or upset and they're unable to listen, the police can use reasonable force to ensure that they are restrained and can be taken to the police station safely.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Fill in the missing blank.

Police have the power to use.

what if citizens are resisting arrest? They have the power to use reasonable force.

We then have the police power of entry, search and seizure.

So if police have reasonable grounds to believe a crime is or has been committed or that there are proceeds of crime within a property, so stolen items, perhaps stolen money, they have the police power to enter the property, search the property and take, that's the seize part, take anything that could be a proceed of crime or evidence that a crime has taken place.

Because remember, the police investigate crimes that might then end up going to court.

So that investigation and that taking of evidence is a really important role of the police within our justice system.

The police will do this by obtaining a special court order called a warrant.

This is a legal document that allows them to carry out this particular police power.

So Alex is asking, "Do police have the power to enter a property without a warrant?" And yes, they can actually do that.

The police can enter a property without a warrant in several circumstances, including when in close pursuit of someone suspected of a serious crime.

So if they were chasing someone that was a suspected criminal and they entered a property, the police would be allowed to go in straight after them, to deal with a disturbance, or if they hear cries for help or distress.

So ultimately, if they believe that actually something is potentially happening within that building, someone might be in danger or a crime is taking place.

In those cases, they can use their professional judgement and their police power to enter without a warrant.

They may also enter to enforce an arrest warrant if given permission by the occupant or under specific legal powers that grant entry to certain types of premises.

These exceptions enable the police to keep the public safe and that's really, really important, as well as being able to enforce the law.

Identify two reasons when an officer can enter a property without a warrant.

So pause while you have a go at this check for understanding.

So you may have said any of these: when in close pursuit of someone suspected of a serious crime, to deal with a disturbance, if they hear cries for help or distress, to enforce an arrest warrant if they are given permission by the occupant, or under special legal powers that grant entry to certain types of premises.

For Task B, I'd like you to outline the police powers of stop and search, the power to arrest and entry, search and seizure, and explain how they support law enforcement.

So you're going to outline them and then talk about how they can really support law enforcement.

So pause while you have a go at Task B.

When outlining the police powers of stop and search, the power to arrest, and entry search and explaining how they support law enforcement, you may have included: "The police have several important powers to help enforce the law and help keep people safe.

One of these is stop and search, which allows officers to search someone if they have reasonable grounds to suspect they are carrying illegal items like drugs, weapons, or stolen property.

Another key power is the power to arrest.

Police can arrest someone if they have committed, are committing or are about to commit a crime or if they have enough evidence to suspect them.

The police also have the power of entry, search and seizure.

This means they can enter a property without a warrant in certain situations, like chasing a suspect or responding to an emergency.

They can also get a warrant to search a home for evidence and seize anything illegal or that's linked to a crime.

These powers help the police prevent crime, catch offenders, and protect the public, making sure the law is properly enforced in the UK.

So we've looked at the rights of the police and now we're going to move on to look at: What rights do citizens have? So Lucas is asking, "How are police powers balanced with citizens' rights?" So have a think about this yourself and consider citizens' rights in relation to police powers.

So remember, the police powers were stop and search, the power to arrest, and entry, search and seizure.

So think about what citizens' rights might be within all of that.

And also consider rights in relation to how citizens should expect to be treated by the police, to think back to that first learning outline.

So rights in relation to police powers are as follows: So we know that there's a police power of stop and search, but citizens have the rights according to this document.

So the police must have reasonable grounds.

That's really, really important.

They cannot just search you for no reason.

There needs to be a reason.

They need to state the reason for the search, they need to act respectfully and they must offer a written record of the search.

The search should be brief and if they need to carry out a more thorough search, then they should take you to the police station.

The police also have the power to arrest, but citizens have the right to be informed of the reasons for that arrest and to be read their rights.

And that is the right to remain silent and the right for legal advice.

And they should be read this as soon as possible.

So if it's quite chaotic during the arrest and the person's quite emotional, at the soonest opportunity, the earliest opportunity, that person needs to be read their rights because that's really, really important, especially if this case ends up going to court.

The police can only use a reasonable force.

They must provide a written record for arrest and the opportunity to contact someone to inform them of your arrest.

So you've also got the right to have someone contacted to let them know that you have been arrested.

And in terms of your rights for the police power of entry, search and seizure, there must be reasonable grounds to enter the property and the police must have a warrant, unless they believe that serious crime or harm is suspected, as we've looked at previously.

If the police search a property in error and damage the property, so for example, by damaging the door if they're having to force entry, then they must cover the costs to repair.

Let's have a check for understanding.

What do police officers not have the power to do in relation to citizens' rights? Is it A: ask to search a bag for a suspected weapon, B: use a warrant to search someone's home for drugs, C: use unreasonable force to ensure the citizen complies, or D: read a citizen their rights during an arrest? And the correct answer is C.

They do not have the power or right to use unreasonable force.

In all cases where police powers are being used, citizens have the right to be treated with respect, to be kept informed of what is happening and to make a formal complaint if they feel the police have acted unreasonably.

So Laura's saying, "I have heard the term 'right to remain silent' used in relation to citizens' rights.

What does this mean?" So pause and have a think for yourself.

Why is the right to remain silent so important? The right to remain silent is a key right in relation to the law.

And this is because our legal system works on the basis that the burden lies on the prosecution to find the defendant guilty, not the defendant to prove themselves innocent.

This relates to the principle that someone is innocent until proven guilty.

The police must read a citizen their rights if being arrested.

These rights state that the citizen has the right to remain silent and also that anything they do say may be used in court.

Let's have a check for understanding.

True or false: Innocent until proven guilty is the basis that the burden lies on the prosecution to find the defendant guilty, not the defendant prove themselves innocent? Is that true? Is that false? Can you tell me why? And it's true.

Laura's asking, "Do we have any additional rights that link to our dignity?" Pause and have a think for yourself.

We do.

So there are rights relating to being searched, which protect a citizen's dignity.

So for example, a police officer can ask you to remove your coat, your jacket, or your gloves during a stop and search.

But if they request the removal of other clothing, including religious items like a veil or a turban, they must take you somewhere private.

And any removal of clothing beyond a jacket and gloves must be conducted by an officer of the same sex as you.

So all of these policies and procedures are in place to protect someone's dignity and to show respect.

And rights do not cease to exist if someone has been taken to the police station.

So even if someone is arrested and even if the police officers have literally seen them commit a crime, you still have rights.

So the basic rights such as access to use a toilet, to be fed, to be able to have a drink, and to have any medical assistance if you are unwell, are absolutely still in place.

Those rights still exist.

If someone requires an interpreter, so if someone doesn't have English as their first language, this must also be provided, as it's important that they understand exactly what is happening at the police station.

And for those that are under 18 or for vulnerable adults, the police must try to contact their parents, guardian or carer.

They must also arrange an appropriate adult, and this could be the parent or carer, it could be a social worker, a family member, friend, or a volunteer over the age of 18, to support them during questioning and during searches.

The police play an important role within our legal system, enforcing the law, keeping people safe and working with communities.

To carry out this important role, they have been granted special police powers via Parliament.

However, these police powers do not override citizens' rights.

Special rights exist to ensure people are treated with dignity and respect whilst the police carry out their work.

Let's have a check for understanding.

What are the missing words? So police powers do not override something rights.

Special rights exist to ensure people are treated with something and something whilst the police carry out their work.

Pause and have a go.

Let's have a look at the missing words.

So, police powers do not override citizens' rights.

Special rights exist to ensure people are treated with dignity and respect whilst the police carry out their work.

For Task C, I'd like you to outline citizens' rights in relation to police powers and personal dignity.

The three main police powers, just to remind you, are: stop and search, power to arrest, and entry, search and seizure.

So outline citizen's rights in relation to these.

Pause while you have a go at this task.

When outlining citizen's rights in relation to police powers and personal dignity, you may have written: "In the UK, people have rights when dealing with the police to make sure they are treated fairly.

If you are stopped and searched, the police must have a good reason, and you can ask why you are being searched.

If you are arrested, the police have to tell you why and you have the right stay silent, though some answers might help your case.

Furthermore, the police usually need a warrant to enter and search your home unless it is an emergency or they are chasing a suspect.

Additionally, if you are taken into custody, you have the right to basics like food, water, and medical help if needed.

If you are under 18 or a vulnerable adult, the police must get an appropriate adult, like a parent, carer, or social worker to support you during questioning.

These rights help make sure that people are treated properly and lawfully.

So in summary of the lesson, What Are My Rights in Relation to the Police? The police enforce the law, prevent crime and protect the public.

They respond to emergencies, investigate crimes, and work with communities to maintain order and build trust.

Their main aim is to ensure justice while keeping people and properties safe.

Police have the power to arrest someone if they are suspected of a crime, to enter and search properties with a warrant or in emergencies, and to stop and search individuals if they have reasonable grounds to suspect illegal items. Citizens must be treated with dignity and respect, informed of the reason for their arrest or search, and given access to legal support.

They have the right to basic needs, like food and medical care and vulnerable individuals must have an appropriate adult present during questioning.

That brings us to the end of this lesson.

Well done for all your hard work, and I hope you come back for some more Citizenship lessons in the future.