Hello, I'm Mrs. Kennedy, and I'm really pleased that you've decided to join me for today's lesson.

I'll be guiding you through today's lesson, helping you along the way.

Today's lesson comes from the unit, "How does identity affect rights?" And our lesson today is called "Who are the British?" By the end of today's lesson, you will be able to explain who the British are by considering the history, geography, and stereotypes linked to the British.

Let's take a look at our keywords for today.

Our first keyword is migration.

Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.

For example, moving from one country to another country.

Stereotype.

A stereotype is a simplified view of a group of people.

Stereotypes can be positive or negative.

Discrimination.

This is treating people unfairly or differently because of things like their race, gender, or where they come from, instead of treating everyone equally.

And our last keyword today is prejudice.

This is pre-judging a person or people based on a characteristic.

For example, having a negative view of a person because they are religious.

So let's start by looking at what is the impact of migration on the British? So we've just heard from our keyword slide that migration is the movement of people from one place to another.

The UK has experienced lots of migration over many, many years.

Different people have settled in Britain and become part of the British people.

People have also moved between towns and cities within the UK.

Now, people migrate for many different reasons.

Let's have a look at some of the reasons people might migrate.

A person might migrate for their own safety or the safety of their family.

They might migrate for new and better opportunities, such as economic opportunities like work.

They might migrate to study.

Or they might migrate to be with their family and friends.

And there are lots of other reasons that people might migrate.

These are just some examples.

Which of the following is the correct definition for migration? Is it A, the temporary movement of individuals between regions? Is it B, the movement of people from one house to another? Or is it C, the movement of people from one place to another? Have a look at the options and think about which is the correct definition for migration? So the correct definition is C.

Migration means the movement of people from one place to another.

Well done if you got that right.

So we've already explored the fact that people migrate for lots of different reasons.

In 400 CE, Britain saw large groups of people from mainland Europe arriving in England.

The Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes settled all over England and created farming villages.

They married and had children.

And over time, the Anglo-Saxons became the biggest group of people in England.

The Anglo-Saxons shaped Britain with their beliefs and their customs. In 1066, the Norman Invasion brought an end to the Anglo-Saxon rule.

French Normans arrived and married into Anglo-Saxon families as well as taking their land.

So Sam tells us, "The history of Britain is very diverse.

It has been influenced by the arrival of lots of different groups of people throughout history." So we've heard about two groups there, the Anglo-Saxons and the French Normans.

But there are many other examples.

Let's have a look at the way that the Anglo-Saxons have shaped Britain.

One way that the Anglo-Saxons have shaped Britain is through our language.

For example, "werewolf" is an Anglo-Saxon word, meaning "man-wolf." Another example of language we've gotten from the Anglo-Saxons is the word England.

This comes from "Angle Land," land of the Angle people.

And one final example of how the Anglo-Saxons have shaped Britain is the fact that they built the very first navy to fight the Vikings.

True or false? Anglo-Saxons were made up of two groups of people who settled in England.

Do you think that statement is true or do you think it is false? It's false.

Well done if you got that right.

Let's take a look at why.

So the Anglo-Saxons were in fact three groups of people, the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes.

So here, we have a timeline of examples of migration.

So we've already looked at the first example on the timeline and we're going to now look at a couple more examples a little later on in history.

Modern migration to Britain tended to be as a result of war.

Let's look at an example of that.

During the Second World War, a man called Sir Nicholas Winton rescued 669 Jewish children from the Nazis by bringing them to the UK.

This became known as the Kindertransport.

Overall, Britain welcomed 70,000 Jewish refugees from Europe before and during World War II.

Another example is the Windrush Generation.

Following the Second World War, the HMT Windrush docked in Essex in 1948.

The HMT Windrush brought people from the Caribbean who were invited to help Britain rebuild after the devastation of the war.

Over a thousand people arrived on the Windrush and made Britain their home.

The Windrush Generation helped Britain to rebuild after the war.

They helped to do jobs that were left vacant.

Those jobs included things such as builders, drivers, cleaners, and nurses working in the brand-new National Health Service, or the NHS.

So, Laura has given us some information about migration.

Laura says, "Migration is when people move to another country.

Britain has never experienced migration." Have a look at what Laura said.

Do you think she's correct? Explain your answer.

And if you think she's not correct, if you think she's incorrect, have a go at rewriting her answer to make it correct.

Pause the video now and have a go.

Okay, we were having a look at something Laura had told us about migration.

Laura had said, "Migration is when people move to another country.

Britain has never experienced migration." So I asked you to read what Laura had written and decide if she was correct, explaining your answer, and then if you thought she was incorrect, to have a go at writing a correct answer.

So hopefully, you noticed that Laura is correct about her definition of migration.

Migration is when people move to another country.

However, her second sentence is not correct.

She has said that Britain has never experienced migration.

That's not correct.

Britain has experienced migration.

What she'd said, perhaps, it looked a little like this.

Migration is when people move from one country to another.

Britain has experienced migration over many centuries.

For example, in 400 CE, the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes arrived in England and, over time, became the Anglo-Saxons.

In 1948, the Windrush Generation arrived in England and helped Britain to rebuild after the Second World War.

Well done if you got some of those things in.

So we're now going to have a look at what are the countries of the United Kingdom? The United Kingdom is made up of four constituent countries.

We have England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, and you can see them there on the map of the UK, all in different colours.

England is the largest country of the four and has the capital of the UK, London, in it.

Each of the countries has its own devolved administration, and this means that they can make some of their own decisions about how their countries are run.

Now, in this lesson, you'll have heard us talking about Britain, or Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, and it's important that we know the difference.

Great Britain is the island which contains England, Scotland and Wales.

So on the map there, we've got England in red, Scotland in blue, and Wales in yellow, and that's what makes up Great Britain.

The United Kingdom is Great Britain.

So it's England, Scotland, and Wales.

But it is also Northern Ireland.

And you can see Northern Ireland on the map there.

Now, as we said, each of the countries that makes up the United Kingdom has its own devolved parliament or assembly that helps it make its own decisions about how their country is run.

So let's have a look at those.

In Northern Ireland, we've got the Northern Ireland Assembly in Stormont.

In Wales, we have the Welsh Parliament in Cardiff.

And in Scotland, we have the Scottish Parliament in Holyrood.

Here, we have the Westminster Parliament in London.

So, true or false? The United Kingdom is one country with one parliament.

False.

Well done if you got that right.

So we know that the United Kingdom is actually made up of four constituent countries, England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.

And each country has its own devolved parliament or assembly.

Despite being one kingdom, the United Kingdom, each of the countries have their own cultures, languages and customs. For example, Scotland uses English as their official language, but many people also speak Gaelic.

In Wales, signs are bilingual.

They appear with English and Welsh on them.

Throughout history, there has sometimes been tensions between the different countries that make up the United Kingdom.

For example, there was great tension in Northern Ireland.

And in 1998, Northern Ireland ended decades of bloodshed with the Good Friday Agreement, which agreed to give more power to the Northern Ireland Assembly about how their country should be run.

A more recent example of some tension is the referendum that was held in Scotland.

In 2014, there was a referendum which asked if Scotland should become an independent country, independent of the United Kingdom.

55% of the people who voted voted to remain in the UK.

However, 45% of voters did not want to remain.

They wanted independence.

Despite their differences, countries in the United Kingdom have coexisted peacefully.

Do you think that statement is true or do you think it is false? The statement is true.

Well done if you got that right.

Let's have a look at why.

We know that the UK has four countries and each country has different cultures.

However, the groups have always worked together.

Whilst there have been tensions, by peaceful discussion and compromise, things like the Good Friday Agreement have helped to bring lasting peace to places like Northern Ireland.

I'd like you to have a look at the map of the United Kingdom and do two things.

Firstly, name the different countries, and then have a go at naming the parliaments and assemblies in each.

Pause the video to do that now.

So, hopefully, your map has been labelled like this.

We've got England in red.

We've got Northern Ireland in green.

We've got Scotland in blue.

And we've got Wales in yellow here.

And did you get all the names of the parliaments? So we've got the Northern Ireland Assembly in Stormont.

We've got the Welsh Parliament in Cardiff.

And we've got the Scottish Parliament in Holyrood.

Well done if you got all of those right.

So in the final part of today's lesson, we're going to take a look at which stereotypes are linked to the British? So, a stereotype is a simplified view of a group of people.

Stereotypes can be positive or negative.

Stereotypes are often based on a prejudice that people have.

And Izzy's really helpfully given us a little reminder there of what prejudice means.

"Prejudice is pre-judging a person or people based on a characteristic.

For example, a negative view of a person because they are religious." Stereotypes are often based on a prejudice.

These are ideas about people that we might hold that are not based on fact but are based on our beliefs.

When we act on our prejudice, we call this discrimination.

We're going to have a look at an example of discrimination that's impacted Lucas.

So Lucas has arrived for a job interview.

The interviewer automatically assumes he is not able to do the job because he has a disability.

Throughout the interview, Lucas demonstrates he is capable and does have the right level of experience.

However, the interviewer does not offer Lucas the job.

They still think it would be too hard for him.

This is what Lucas thinks of that.

The interviewer has made an assumption about me because I am in a wheelchair.

They have based their assumption on a prejudice they have because of a negative stereotype that people with disabilities are not as capable as those without disabilities.

By not considering employing me, even though I have the right skills and experience, the interviewer has discriminated against me.

They have acted on their prejudice.

So the stereotype created by a prejudice has led to discrimination.

A stereotype is built on prejudice and can lead to discrimination.

Do you think that statement is true or do you think it is false? So well done if you said it is true.

It is indeed true.

A stereotype is built on prejudice and can lead to discrimination.

Stereotypes often come from a person's own pre-judgment of a group of people.

And this might lead to them discriminating because of their beliefs.

Stereotypes are often unfair and untrue beliefs about people with certain characteristics.

And stereotypes can be applied to individuals, like the example we saw of Lucas.

They can also be applied to groups of people and entire nations or countries.

Have a look at a couple of examples of common stereotypes linked to different countries.

So one example of a stereotype linked to a country is that Australians love to surf.

Another example of a stereotype linked to a country is that Americans don't eat healthy food.

Now, there are lots of stereotypes that people use to describe the British people.

Some of the ones you might have heard include, the British people drink lots of tea.

The British people drink too much beer.

British people love to queue.

The British are very good at engineering.

British people only speak English when they're on holiday.

There may be many other stereotypes you've heard about British people.

True or false? A stereotype is always true.

That is, of course, false.

Well done if you got that right.

Let's have a look at why.

Stereotypes are often used as simple views of a group of people.

They're not always true, as they are not based on fact.

I'm going to show you three statements made by pupils from Oak Academy.

I'd like you to decide whether the statement is right or wrong.

If you think the statement is wrong, I'd like you to rewrite the statement to make it correct.

So first, we have Aisha, and Aisha says, "The UK is one country.

All of us are citizens of the UK." Next, we have Izzy who says, "The Norman Invasion of England was the first example of migration to England." And then we have Jun who says, "The Windrush Generation arrived in 1948 to help Britain rebuild after the war." The statements, decide if they're right or wrong, and if they're wrong, change them to make them correct.

Pause the video now to do that.

So we had three statements by three different students at the Oak Academy.

Now, hopefully, you've said that Aisha and Izzy's statements were not correct, and Jun's statement was correct.

And if you rewrote those statements, perhaps they looked a little like this.

So you might have changed what Aisha said to say, "The UK is four countries but all of us are citizens of the UK." And you might have changed Izzy's statement to read, "The Norman Invasion of England was not the first example of migration to England.

Migration has happened for hundreds of years." And then Jun's statement didn't need changing because he was correct.

The Windrush Generation did arrive in 1948 to help Britain rebuild after the war.

Let's have a look at three more students from Oak Academy and their statements.

Again, read the statements and decide whether they are right or wrong.

And if you think they are wrong, change the statement to make it correct.

So this time, we have Lucas who says, "A common stereotype of the British is that we like drinking tea." We've got Sam.

Sam says, "Stereotypes are harmless." And Sofia.

Sofia says, "We should use stereotypes to help us when we meet people." Pause the video and have a go at this task.

So, when you read the statements, most people will have said that Sam and Sofia's statements were not correct, whereas Lucas's statement was correct.

So, Lucas is correct in saying, "A common stereotype of the British is we like drinking tea." Just because he's correct that it's a common stereotype doesn't necessarily make that stereotype true.

Sam and Sofia's statements needed changing, however.

So you might have rewritten Sam's statement to say, "Stereotypes can be harmful.

They are often based on a prejudice." And you might have rewritten Sofia's statement to say, "We should not use stereotypes to help us when we meet people.

We should meet people with an open mind and get to know them." I'd like you to write me a short explanation for the meaning of prejudice and discrimination and how it can impact on people.

And when you're writing your explanation, I'd like you to consider the following three things.

Firstly, how would you explain prejudice and discrimination to your friends? Next, include an example of prejudice and discrimination.

And finally, include how stereotypes are linked to these concepts.

Pause the video and write your explanation now.

I wonder if your explanations looked anything like this.

You might have written.

Prejudice is when you pre-judge a person.

Discrimination is when you act on that pre-judgment.

For example, not giving someone a job because they have a disability or they come from another country.

Often, stereotypes are based on a prejudice.

Stereotypes are often a simple view of a group of people.

Sometimes, these can be positive or funny, such as British people loving tea.

However, stereotypes can be negative if they lead to people treating others differently.

Well done if you got some of those ideas in your explanation.

So that brings us to the end of our lesson today.

Let's have a quick look at what we've talked about.

Migration has occurred in Britain over hundreds of years.

An example of this is the Windrush Generation who arrived in 1948.

The UK is made up of four countries, each with their own identity.

Each country has their own parliament, culture and language, and they all form the United Kingdom.

And finally, stereotypes are often based on a prejudice.

We should be careful when using them and always get to know a person without relying on our assumptions about them.

Thanks for joining me today.