Hello everybody.

My name is Ms. Wyatt and I'm so pleased that you could join me here today for our lesson.

Today's lesson is looking at what a crime is.

The title is, "What Is a Crime?" from the unit "What Is Crime?" By the end of today's lesson, you will be able to identify how I know what is right and wrong, explain what a crime is and describe the difference between criminal and civil law.

We have some key words that we will be using in today's lesson, and they are law, crime, civil law and criminal law.

Law are rules, usually made by Parliament, that are used to order the way in which a society behaves.

So we follow the law and if we don't follow the law, there are consequences.

Crime is an illegal act that is punishable by law.

Civil law is a type of law that deals with disputes between individuals or groups.

And criminal law is a type of law that individuals who break the law and seek to punish themselves for offences.

These offences occur when someone breaks the law that Parliament has established for everyone to follow.

Some of these key words are new to us today, but don't worry, I am here to guide you.

The first part of the lesson, we are going to look at how do we know what is right and wrong.

Andeep says, "How do you make your decisions about what you should or shouldn't do?" Ethics are principles that help us decide what is right and wrong.

We use ethics when making choices, especially when these choices can lead to good or bad consequences.

People may talk about having ethics or a moral compass to know what is right and wrong.

So think about it for a minute.

Think back to Andeep's question.

How do you make your decisions about what you should or shouldn't do? Do you use something called a moral compass that you have? Do you use ethics to make choices on what is right and what is wrong? So let's check our understanding.

A what helps us to decide what is right and wrong? What is the missing part of our sentence? Is it, A, a moral compass? Is it, B, an immoral compass? Or, C, a moral protractor? Hopefully we said, A, a moral compass.

Imagine a situation where your friend takes something that doesn't belong to them and begs you not to tell anyone while someone else is being accused.

You ask your friend to confess, but they refuse.

What would you do? Laura says, "In this situation, I would keep it a secret." I wonder if any of you guys would keep it a secret.

Lucas says, "Whereas, I would hand my friend in." Sophia says, "Where do our views about what is right and wrong come from?" Now, our views of what is right and wrong come from influences in our lives.

And some of these influences might come from your parents or carers or teachers, all of these different people, they might influence you.

We learn from others about what is right and wrong when we are a very young child.

We are all influenced by the people around us and the experiences we have.

So just think back to when you were younger and think back, well, how did you know what was right and wrong? Where did that come from for you? Where do our views of what is right and wrong come from? Is it, A, from what we think only? B, from the people around us? Or, C, from our experiences? Pause the video and make your decisions.

Okay, so where do our views of what is right and wrong come from? B and C, from the people around us and from our experiences.

Well done if you got that correct.

As we grow, we continue to learn from the people around us and the situations we face.

These influences help us understand how to behave in different situations and further develop our sense of right and wrong.

So as we get a bit older and the different and the new experiences that we come across, our influences and our opinions and our behaviour might change.

Sophia says, "Does everyone always agree on what is right and wrong?" Do they? Does everyone in your class all agree on what is right and wrong or are there differences in opinion? Jen says, "I don't think so.

There might be some things that everyone agrees are wrong but we will also be influenced by our experiences." Our age can have an impact on how we decide on what is wrong and what is right.

For example, when we are younger, we might not fully understand our actions.

We might just be acting from our emotions and we might not actually fully understand where that's coming from.

We might feel less sure about what is right or wrong because of our lack of life experience, be more easily influenced by others, so wanting to do what your friend does and how your friend acts.

When we are older, we might better understand the consequences of our actions, be more confident in making decisions.

Does our age make a difference then? When do we become responsible for our own actions? Sophia says, "I think I'm responsible for my own actions and I'm 11 years old." Jen says, "I feel like I became responsible for my actions when I was 10 years old." True or false? Everyone always agrees on what is right or wrong, true or false? Pause the video and have a think about this question.

Okay, we should have said false, because as we grow older, our sense of right and wrong is influenced by the people around us and the experiences we have but not everyone always agrees on what is right or wrong.

Well done if you said false.

Sophia has found a wallet in the school playground.

There is money inside and also a school ID with someone's name on it.

Sophia is not sure what the right thing to do is.

So let's talk to a partner about the following questions.

So firstly, we need to summarise the situation and the options that Sophia has.

Secondly, who or what might influence Sophia's decision? And then thirdly, do you think the situation would be different if Sophia was older or younger? So I want you to pause the video and I want you to find someone to discuss the following questions.

Good luck.

Well done, everybody.

Good efforts.

I'm very, very interested to see and hear what you said about Sophia's situation.

So the first thing you had to do with your partner is summarise the situation and options that Sophia had.

So maybe you said some of the same as I did.

Sophia found a wallet on the ground with money and a school ID.

She has a few options.

She could hand the wallet into the school reception or office.

She could keep it.

She could leave it where it currently is and hope the owner finds it or someone else deals with it.

So I wonder if you mentioned all of these options as well or you just thought about some of the ones.

Secondly, we had to think about who and what might influence Sophia's decision.

So we said Sophia's decision could be influenced by several things.

Her parents or carers might influence her, as they may have taught her to be honest and return lost items. Her friends might have a different influence, possibly suggesting she keep the money.

Though Sophia might not agree with that.

Her teacher could also play a role in influencing her, as teachers often talk about doing the right thing, which might lead Sophia to return the wallet.

Additionally, the school rules might influence her decision, as there could be a guideline for handling lost property, encouraging her to take it to the school office.

The situation might be different if Sophia were older or younger.

If she were younger, she might not fully understand the importance of returning lost items and she might be more tempted to keep the money or feel more unsure about what to do.

On the other hand, if she were older, she might have a clearer understanding of why returning the wallet is the right thing to do and feel more confident in taking it to a teacher or the school office.

An older Sophia might be more familiar with the potential consequences of keeping something that doesn't belong to her, which could help her make a decision more easily.

So I'm wondering if you considered the same things as we did of whether Sophia was older or younger.

Well done everyone.

Great efforts.

We have now considered how do we know what is right and wrong? The next part of the lesson, we're going to try and define what a crime is.

While people may not always agree on what is right or wrong in every situation, there are certain actions that the law says are not allowed no matter what.

Aisha says, "Laws are rules, usually made by Parliament, that are used to order the way in which a society behaves." So remember, it's one of our key words today.

When someone breaks the law, this is known as a crime.

A crime is an illegal act that is punishable by law.

So illegal means that it's not allowed and as it's not allowed, if you do commit a crime, you will be punished by the law.

Sam says, "The law says I have to wear a seatbelt in a car." We do.

Jun says, "The law says you cannot smoke in a vehicle if there is someone under 18 inside." Now, not following these laws would be a crime.

So which of the definitions best describes what a crime is? Is it, A, a wrong act that is not punishable by law? Is it, B, a legal act that is punishable by law? Or, C, an illegal act that is punishable by law? Pause the video and think which of the definitions best describes what a crime is.

Hopefully we all said C, crime is an illegal act that is punishable by law.

There are many different types of crime in the UK.

For example: murder, theft, speeding, vandalism, littering.

Now, I wonder if you knew about any of these crimes and I wonder if you knew that some of these were crimes and you might not have thought they actually were.

Some crimes are considered more serious than others and will carry harsher consequences.

So which of the following options is a crime? Is it, A, lending someone your phone to make a call? B, taking something that doesn't belong to you? Or, C, borrowing your friend's pen with their permission? Pause the video and think which of the following is a crime? Okay, so the following options are a crime are, B, taking something that doesn't belong to you.

A, lending someone on your phone to make a call is not a crime.

And, C, borrowing your friend's pen with their permission is also not a crime.

But taking something that doesn't belong to you is known as theft.

As Lucas says, "This is known as theft." We are all responsible for our own actions, okay.

You are responsible for your actions and I'm responsible for my actions.

However, the age when a child can be held responsible for a crime is different across the UK.

So in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, children can be held responsible for a crime from the age of 10.

So 10 years old in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, that's when you can be held responsible for committing a crime.

In Scotland, the age is 12, so slightly different ages within the UK.

Now this is known as the age of criminal responsibility.

Once you reach this age, you can be charged with a crime.

However, the justice system treats young people differently from adults.

At what age do children become criminally responsible in England, Wales and Northern Ireland? Can you remember what we said? Is it 10, is it 11 or is it 12 years old? Pause the video and think back to what we said.

Hopefully we all said 10.

It is 10 years old when you become criminally responsible in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Andeep says, "In Scotland, it's slightly different as you become criminally responsible at the age of 12." Andeep is trying to explain what a crime is and he's got a little bit confused.

I would like us to explain what is correct and what is incorrect in Andeep's statement.

So Andeep says, "A crime is something that breaks the rule set by Parliament.

It can only be punished if someone gets hurt or something is stolen.

You can only commit a crime if you are an adult." So pause the video and have a look back at Andeep's statement and try and explain what is correct about it and what is incorrect about it.

So your answer might have included the following.

So Andeep is correct in saying that a crime is something that breaks the rules set by Parliament.

Laws are rules, generally created by Parliament, that everyone must keep.

When someone breaks the law, this is known as a crime.

A crime is an illegal act that is punishable by law.

However, the other things that Andeep says are not correct.

Andeep is incorrect in saying that a crime can only be punished if someone gets hurt or something is stolen.

But a crime can be punished even if this doesn't happen.

For example, crimes like speeding, littering or not wearing a seatbelt are punishable by law, even if they don't cause harm or theft.

So I wonder if you managed to pick up the same things that I did on Andeep's statement.

Well done if you did.

Andeep is also incorrect in saying that a crime can only be committed by an adult.

Children can also commit crimes.

In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, children can be held responsible for a crime from the age of 10 and from the age of 12 in Scotland.

However, the justice system treats young people differently from adults.

So I wonder if you remembered that part, that last little part about what age do you become criminally responsible for crimes.

Well done, everyone.

We are now moving on to the final part of our lesson, looking at how are criminal and civil law different.

So there are two types of law in the UK, criminal law and civil law.

So criminal law is when someone breaks the law of the country, for example, breaking an act of Parliament.

Civil law on the other hand, is when there is an argument or dispute between individuals or organisations.

There's two different types of law.

Criminal law deals with individuals who break the law as set by Parliament and seeks to punish the offender.

In criminal law, a case is brought by the government against the person who has broken the law.

For example, Mr. Robert is accused of breaking a shop window, which goes against the Criminal Damage Act, 1971.

He is charged with criminal damage and his court case is known as R vs Roberts.

Now, R stands for Rex, which is Latin for king, or Regina, which is Latin for queen.

Civil law deals with disputes between individuals or organisations and seeks to resolve disagreements.

Civil courts handle these cases and may order the payment of damages, some money, to the affected party.

For example, contract disputes, family law issues, personal injury claims and property disputes.

So these two types of law deal with very different things.

Aisha says, "Murder would be dealt with by criminal law, so would assault.

Another example would be driving under the influence of alcohol and speeding." Sophia says, "An example of a situation where civil law would apply is divorce or people arguing over owning land." If you don't know what divorce is, it's when a marriage comes to the end and they want to break that contract.

So let's check our understanding in civil law.

So what is civil law? Is it, A, law that guides what is considered right and wrong? Is it, B, law that deals with crimes against society as a whole? Or is it, C, law that deals with disputes between individuals or organisations? Pause the video and think, what is civil law? If we said, C, law that deals with disputes between individuals and organisations, we would be right.

So what is criminal law? Is it, A, law that guides what is considered right and wrong, B, law that deals with individuals who break the law set by Parliament or C, law that deals with disputes between individuals or groups.

Pause the video and make your decision.

Well done if we said, B, law that deals with individuals who break the law as set by Parliament.

So for this task, I would like us to sort the following examples into civil and criminal cases.

So we need to work out which would fall under civil law and which would fall under criminal law.

So let's read through them first.

So we have car accident, Jane crashes into the back of Bob's car, causing minor injuries to both.

Then we have shoplifting, Emily is caught stealing cosmetics from a local store.

Breach of contract, Latesha fails to deliver goods to Chris as they agreed in their contract.

Vandalism, teenager Kyle is caught spray painting graffiti on a public building.

Then we have rent dispute, Tom refuses to pay rent to his landlord, Sarah, claiming repairs were never made.

We have a bar fight, Mike and Dave get in to a bar fight, damaging the room and breaking tables and chairs.

We have embezzlement, Linda is accused of stealing funds from her company.

And then lastly, we have workplace injury, Rajan is injured at work due to unsafe conditions.

So pause the video and have a go at sorting these examples into civil and criminal cases.

Have fun.

Okay, so if we sorted them under headings or into a table, we might have said the following.

So the criminal cases are the car accident, the rent dispute, the breach of contract and the workplace injury.

Wonder if we've got all of those correct.

Then we have civil, so we have vandalism, we have bar fight, we have embezzlement and workplace injury.

Well done if you've got all of these right.

We have now come to the end of our lesson on what is a crime.

I would like to summarise this lesson into a few words.

So ethics are principles that guide our sense of right and wrong.

Our ethics are influenced by factors like our parents or carers, teachers and life experiences, and they can change as we grow.

A crime is an illegal act punishable by law.

In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, we become criminally responsible at age 10 and at age 12 in Scotland.

And there are two main types of law in England, criminal law, which deals with breaking law set by Parliament, and civil law, which handles disputes between individuals or organisations.

I have really enjoyed learning with you today.

I hope you have enjoyed it as much as I have and I can't wait to see you in the next lesson.