Hi, I'm Mr. Humphrys.

Come and welcome to lesson one of six exploring the issue of why people move around the world.

In this topic we will explore the issue of migration, why people migrate and the consequences of migration on people and communities.

In today's lesson we will explore three key questions.

Why do people migrate? What are the different types of movement around the world? And where are the sources of migration? For today's lesson you are going to need kind of some paper.

At least one pen, you might want to grab another one in case you want to colour these for the assessment.

And probably a quiet place to work.

So, if you need to go and get any of these things, please pause the video now to make sure you can do that.

So, task one for today is to think about what migration means to you.

So, kind of what I would like you to do is list all the words, phrases and ideas that you can think of when you hear the term migration.

So, what comes to mind straight away when you hear that term, migration? You may wish to pause the video now, so you can take a few seconds to do this.

So, you may have got some of the ideas I have, you may have something slightly different and that's okay.

Kind of right now, it's just kind of what you think and what your personal experience is of migration.

So when I hear migration these things come to my mind.

So the first thing, what comes to my mind, is the idea of movement.

People moving from one place to another.

I also think, perhaps, of reasons why people might move or migrate.

So we've got the idea of jobs and we've got family and we've got new opportunities.

But we also have, kind of some reasons why people are forced to leave their, kind of, where they live or their usual place of residence.

Such as, war.

Kind of emotions might come in to mind when you think of migration.

So they might have how badly they're suffering and that links to war quite well.

We have the idea of happiness because you might be moving for a happy reason or when you do move, you will be happy because you will be back with family or you'll have a new job or a new opportunity.

You might be fearful of this move.

You might not know what's coming, so you might feel a bit unknown.

So, kind of in it's simplest form, migration simply means the movement of a person from where they usually live, mkay? And this is provided by the United Nations who are an international organisation who, kind of, get different countries to work together to overcome global problems and you might want to pause the video for a minute and just make a note of that definition of migration.

Okay, so, moving on to task two.

We're going to explore this question of why do people move in a little bit more detail.

And what I would like to do is Mindmap all the reasons you can think of to explain why people may move from one place to another.

So, pause this video now and jot down any ideas that you can think of.

So, you may have some of my ideas, you may have some of your own ideas.

If you'd like to, you can jot down, kind of, any of my ideas you've not got into your own notes and onto your mindmap.

So, you might have had employment.

So you might move for a job.

You might move for family.

So if your family have, kind of, left you in a country and they've moved somewhere else can mean you might move there too.

You might move for education.

So, you might move to experience a new style of education or maybe a different stage of education.

So, it's quite a call for people to move from one country to another to access, kind of, a kind of university.

Or it might be because of war, so you're forced to leave.

You might leave because of a natural disaster or natural disasters or it might be because of political unrest.

Now, we can categorise these kind of reasons into two different types.

So, we've got what I called push factors and we've got what I called pull factors.

Now, push factors are those factors which encourage or force citizens to leave a country and pull factors are those things which encourage or attract migrants to a country.

You may want, you may wish to add those definitions to your notes if you've not come across them before.

What our next task is going to allow you to explore these ideas in a little bit more detail.

So, attached to this lesson is a worksheet and what, kind of, on the worksheet are some speech bubbles.

And what I would like you to do is note down which speech bubble is a push factor and which speech bubble is a pull factor, mkay? And you can either just write the lesson or the letters or you can write the, kind of, the factor being described.

And writing the factor being described might be a little bit more useful for your longterm notes.

So, pause this video now, read the worksheet attached to the lesson.

And for each of the people, identify a push or pull factor.

And you can record your answers in a little table.

Okay, so, for a pull factor you should've identified the issue or factor of education.

The factor of employment.

The factor of family and the factor of life change.

People just want to experience something new.

For push factors, you should have identified war and natural disaster and political unrest.

So, when the, kind of, when the people ruling the country either, kind of, breakdown or they kind of disagree with what people want and that might lead to, kind of, rioting or kind of unrest on the streets.

Or persecution.

Now, persecution is something which happens, kind of, along the targeted for a particular element of who you are.

So, you might face religious persecution or you might face political persecution.

You might face race or ethnic persecution.

Okay, so for the next part of the lesson we are going to look at what are the different types of movement around the world.

So, we've already established that kind of migration is leaving the place you usually live to go somewhere else.

But unfortunately, it isn't that simple.

And there are different types of migration and when you move for a certain reason, you are labelled with a certain term, okay? We're going to explore those terms in the next half of the lesson.

The terms we are going to look at and the reasons we're going to look at moving are the following: We're going to look at economic migrant, we're going to look at retirement, we're going to look at education, we are going to look at refugee and asylum seekers and we're going to look at internally displaced persons.

So, an economic migrant is simply someone who moves because of employment.

So, they have gotten a job and, kind of, this new job is in a different country or maybe a different part of the country.

So, that is an economic migrant.

The second one we're going to explore is an idea of, kind of retirement.

So, people move when they retire.

So retirement is when you come to the end of your working life and you no longer have to go to work and people decide to move when they're retired for all sorts of reasons.

It could be because they've been in the same place since they started their working life and they want to collect some experiences, to kind of see parts of the world they've not seen before, they might want to reduce their cost of living, so they might go on to somewhere it's cheaper.

They might want to experience a different kind of climate, they might want some sun or some colder weather.

There are lots of different reasons why people decide to move when they are retired.

For the third one, it's for education, mkay? So, this is quite common when you kind of go to university.

People often move countries to go in, kind of, to a different types of university or because maybe that university has got a better reputation than some universities in, kind of, their own country.

Or because they wanted to do something that's not on offer.

And in the UK, we call these students international students.

What we also have, kind of, migrations or just kind of leaving the place where you usually live because of reasons completely beyond your control and kind of, you're kind of forced to leave for your safety.

And kind of these fall into two different categories.

So we've got asylum seekers and refugees.

And although there is often, kind of, a little confusion about what these two terms mean and they're often, kind of, used to mean the same thing, but it actually means something slightly different.

Both of the refugee and asylum seeker move because they are either escaping war or persecution, so being mistreated because of their religion, their critical belief, their ethnicity, their race, their nationality, et cetera.

But each of the have a different legal, kind of, categorization and we're going to explore that in a bit more detail in the next part of the lesson.

So, the final category of migrant is those who are internally displaced persons.

And an internally displaced person is someone who is forced to move kind of from their home to somewhere else within the same country.

So, their internal, their inside the same place.

It might be that they moved from the south of the country to the north of the country or from east to west or perhaps to a neighbouring state, but they stay withinside the country and withinside the, uh, withinside they kind of go in control.

So, the next part of the lesson is we're going to see how much of that you remember.

And all you have to do is, I'm going to give you some questions and you just have to say out loud option one or option 2, mkay? So, which of the following defines somebody who moves because they are retired? Option one, somebody who is forced to leave their home due to fear of persecution or option two, Somebody who freely decides to leave their usual country of residence after their working life finishes.

So, I'll give you three seconds to say option one or option two and then I'll tell you the answer.

Hopefully you said option two, 'cause that is kind of someone who decides to leave their country after they have finished working.

Okay, question two, which of the following defines somebody who moves in search of new job opportunities? Option one, asylum seeker or option two, economic migrant.

Remember, all you're doing is saying which option you think it is.

Hopefully you said option two.

An economic migrant.

Okay, next one.

Which of the following is a reason why somebody becomes a refugee? Option one, they face mistreatment due to political beliefs or option two, they want a new job.

Hopefully you said option one, they face mistreatment due to their political beliefs.

Finally, which of the following describes an internally displaced person? Option one, they face mistreatment due to religion so they leave the country or option two, they face civil war so move to a peaceful neighbouring state within the country.

Again, hopefully you said option two.

Okay, so after that activity I just want to check that you understand and can define these three different types of migrants.

Refugees, asylum seekers and internally displaced persons, mkay? And we're going to use the definitions provided by an organisation called the United Nations and the United Nations are a kind of collection of countries who work together to try and overcome kind of global issues.

So they provide a definition of asylum seeker as somebody who is forced to move across international borders because they are victims of war and/or persecution.

They have not been given legal recognition by a government.

So, their kind of presence hasn't been acknowledged yet by the country they are moving to.

And you might want to pause the clip now just to write down that definition to add to your notes.

The next one is a refugee and the refugee is the same as an asylum seeker up to, though up to the reason why they are moving, okay? So, they're moving for the same reason, because war or persecution.

However, they have received recognition.

They have been given a legal status by a government.

So they have a status to remain typically in that country.

Okay? And this is really important because it effects how you can live in a country, what you can do, what you can't do, kind of, what support you might get by the state.

It's really important that we recognise the difference between an asylum seeker and a refugee.

Often, it's not recognised and they're used interchangeably, but that isn't actually correct.

And, kind of again, you might want to pause the clip just to note down the definition.

And finally, we're going to look at internally displaced persons, mkay? And kind of, these are people who are forced to leave their usual place of residence because they are kind of victims of war or persecution, but they do not leave the country.

They do not cross an international border, they stay within the same state or, kind of, country.

So, we're now going to look at the source of migration.

And source just simply means where something originates, where something comes from.

So, if we're looking at it in terms of migration, then we're going to explore where migrants come from.

Now, migrations is a global phenomenon.

Migrants come from all corners of the world, so you might be a migrant going from Italy to France.

You might be a migrant going from the UK to India.

You might be a migrant going from Canada to South America.

Migration happens all around the world.

However, there are some key countries in key areas of the world which are really important to consider when we're looking at asylum seekers.

So, this data is provided by the United Nations and they, kind of, put all the statistics together and found that at the end of 2019, 79.

5 million people were forcibly displaced.

So they were forced to leave where they usually live.

And if you have a look at the graph, you can see that this trend has been going up for the past number of years.

We've also got, kind of, on the other side some kind of key breakdowns.

So we've got 26 million refugees, we've got 45.

7 million internally displaced people and 4.

2 million asylum seekers.

That's a lot of people on the move.

We've also got some more statistics.

And I'm just going to draw your attention to the top source countries.

So we've got Syria, Venezuela, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Myanmar.

And these are the top source countries for asylum seekers and refugees due to a range of issues which are happening within those countries.

We've got war, we've got political unrest, we've got persecution, we've got lots of things going on there.

And over the course of the next few lessons we will have a look at some of those issues in a bit more detail.

Kind of another interesting statistic, kind of, I think is really to point out is that the fact that 85% of asylum seekers are hosted in developing countries.

Now, sometimes when, kind of when we look at the media, we get the idea that there's a lot of migrants, a lot of refugees, a lot of asylum seekers, you know, kind of in the developed world.

Well, actually, most of them are hosted in the developing world and in developing countries.

Only 15% are outside the developing countries.

And the final bit of data we're going to look at today is this map from Amnesty International, who are human rights pressure group and they've also pulled together some data.

And I think, kind of, some different ideas we get is kind of Bangladesh.

So, kind of, Bangladesh is next to Myanmar and if you remember, kind of, Myanmar was a, kind of in top five for refugees.

So, just to see how much of those statistics you remember and, kind of, statistics can be really important if you are writing, maybe, I don't know, like an extended piece of writing because they act a really good source of evidence and they can be used to exemplify and support your points you're making.

So, it's really worthwhile trying to remember some key ideas.

So, for this task, what are you to do is pause, kind of, is pause the video now and have a go answering the following questions.

How many people were displaced in 2019? What were the top three source countries for asylum seekers and refugees? And what percentage of asylum seekers and refugees were hosted in non-developing countries? So hopefully you got these answers.

You got for questions number one, 79.

5 million.

For question number two, hopefully you got Syria, Venezuela and Afghanistan.

And for question number three, hopefully you got 15%.

So, that brings today's lesson to an end.

Hopefully you now feel that you are able to do these three things.

You can explain why people migrate, you can define the different types of movement around the world and you can give examples of sources of migration.

Hopefully you enjoyed the lesson and you'll come back again, kind of the next one, but please do ensure that you complete the quiz at the end of the lesson to assess your knowledge of, kind of, what you're learning and I thank you very much.