Lesson video

Hi, I'm Allen Heard.

This is Lesson Six of Six, and this one is all about the World Wide Web.

You will need a pen and paper for this lesson or something to write with and something to write on, turn off all notifications and remove any distractions.

Pause the video while you get settled, and then we can make a start.

So in this lesson, we're going to describe World Wide Web components.

Some of those components are browsers, servers, pages, URLs, HTTP, and HTTPS.

The last two there are protocols or rules for how we communicate on the internet.

So we'll first start to look at browser search engines or websites.

And right on the get go, we're going to have a quiz, so you're going to be shown some images.

And you've got to decide whether they're a browser, whether they're a search engine or whether they are a website.

So get yourself ready.

Are you set? I'll give you about three seconds for each one, show you the image and then you get the answer.

Here we go.

So what is that one? That one is a browser and that is obviously the logo for Google Chrome.

What is that one? I'm sure that one's pretty familiar.

It's a screenshot of the page for YouTube, and that is a website.

What is this one? That one is a search engine.

It's obviously Google search engine.

It's a type of website, but used for finding things on the World Wide Web.

What is that one? A little bit of a clue in the caption for the icon.

It is a browser and it says Safari browser logo in there as well.

What is that one? That is also a search engine, just like Google.

Bing is Microsoft's version of a search engine.

What is that one? That one is a website.

That's the Raspberry Pi website.

Last one.

What is this one? That is Internet Explorer 9, and that is a browser.

So let's start looking at web browsers then.

A web browser is a piece of software or code that's used to view pages of information on the World Wide Web.

It retrieves the website's code, probably are usually written in HTML, and then that is converted into the images and the text we see on the screen.

The webpages that you see reside on a web server, so a web server is located on the internet and then the web browser communicates with that web server to retrieve the information thereafter.

And I've just lost, my tab disappeared.

So I'll bring that one back.

There we go.

A web server uses two protocols, so they're the rules that govern communication in computers, and the protocols that we use are HTTP and HTTPS.

You may have noticed that there in the beginning, the front part of any URL or web address that you pop into your browser.

Do you know what the S stands for in HTTPS? Give you a second to think about that.

So you're probably familiar with seeing HTTP, but HTTPS is a specific protocol.

Well, the S stands for secure.

So HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.

What this means it messages between the browser that you're typing them in and the web server where we're getting the information from.

They're encrypted so that they can't be understood by any devices that may be snooping in the middle.

So it is secure.

You can see a little snippet there of a browser with a URL in there, and you can see the little padlock next to it.

So when you can see that padlock in the browser, in the URL field, then you know that the connection you've got to that website is secure.

On the other hand, some websites, a lot of websites say HTTP, they are not secure.

So anything that you send from your browser to that website can be intercepted and can be read by other devices.

So it's not secure.

And again, as an example of a browser URL field there, that's not secure and actually says not secure.

And that's kind of the icon for a non-secure connection.

So web pages, we've all seen web pages, they're the documents that are accessible on the internet through a web browser, usually written, like I said before in HTML, and they're converted by your browser and then converted to the images you see on the screen.

So that's what we see on the left.

That's our view.

But if you were to right click on a webpage and click something like view source, you will see the code that's behind that website.

So there's an example of the BBC Bitesize, BBC News Round, CBBC News Round webpage.

There is the code for that.

So again, it looks a lot different, but that's what your browser kind of reads and then converts to what you see on the screen.

So this is about search engines now.

So search engine is a website that can look up information on the World Wide Web.

So you enter your keywords into the field, press Enter, and then it goes away and find anything that matches your keywords and displays it on the screen for you.

So examples, as we saw with those icons at the beginning, include Google and Bing.

So you got a task to do now.

This is task one.

It's called match-up.

There's a worksheet.

Using the worksheet match the seven terms to their descriptions or statements.

So we're looking at World Wide Web, web browser, search engine, website, web server, HTTP, and HTTPS.

You can pause the video and complete the task.

And so here are the answers for you.

World Wide Web is part of the internet that contains the websites and webpages and links between them.

Web browser is a piece of software used to view information on the World Wide Web.

Search engine, a type of website that allows you to look information on the World Wide Web.

A website is a series of web pages located on the internet.

They're often written in a programming language called HTML and frequently contain text and images.

A web server is a machine located on the internet that holds those website pages.

HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.

So the messages are sent between a browser and website in plain text and can be read and understood by other devices.

Whereas HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.

This encrypts messages between a browser and the website so the messages can not be understood by other devices.

So I hope you do well on those and got them all right.

So we'll look at the structure of a web address now.

Part of a web address that we saw before was the HTTPS with that protocol at the beginning, not for a web address or the correct term for web address is a URL which stands for Uniform Resource Locator, it's the address of a World Wide Web page, and it's sometimes called the web address as we know.

For example, URL that we can see is www.

bbc.

co.

uk/bitesize.

And we'll look at that web address in a little bit more detail in a sec.

So the www part, that's the subdomain, and that tells us that it's a website on the World Wide Web.

That's not strictly required now.

It's not something that has to be enforced.

It's just the way Tim Berners-Lee references webpages right at the beginning when it was invented in 1989.

Now that subdomain can be pretty much anything.

You can set that up when you're setting a website up.

The bbc.

co.

uk part is known as the domain name, so no two websites can have the same domain name.

Otherwise, your browser wouldn't know which one to get or to retrieve.

And then the /bitesize part, that's the path to another part of the website.

So that's the bit tagged on the end.

So we'll take a look at that now.

So you've got the URL broken down there, so HTTP www.

bbc.

co.

uk/bitesize.

So see if you can remember the individual parts and what they're called from what I just said.

There is a worksheet to complete, so you can pause the video and complete the task.

So hopefully you remember number one is the whole of the web address, which is called the URL or Uniform Resource Locator.

Number two, the HTTP part is the protocol.

So that's the rule that it's following for delivering that webpage.

Number three is the subdomain.

And as I said before, that can be www.

traditionally, but it doesn't have to be.

Number four is the domain name, so in this case, bbc.

co.

uk.

And then this one's got the additional bit on the end, the /bitesize, which is the path.

So let's have a look at the structure of a URL, the top level domain.

That's the part following the last dot, and suggests the content of the website.

So for example, www.

amazon.

com, that's got a top level domain of.

com, so that's the bit after the domains, the bit at the end, after the final dot.

And.

com generally means commercial.

So you may have seen some other top level domains.

So you got a little bit of a task to complete.

See if you can write down or come up with any top level domains that you've already seen, or that you know of, you can pause the video and complete the task.

Here's some popular top level domains.

So we've got.

com, which we said before it stands for commercial.

It's a site likely to be promoting something.

.

edu, educational.

Sites ranging from childcare centres to universities.

.

gov, government-based.

Used to inform and provide public services.

.

org, organisations.

used by non-profit organisations, for instance, charities.

And then you've got the potential to have a country.

So you can have.

fr for France or.

uk for the UK.

So that can be whatever country's targeting, you can have the country as the top level domain.

So there was a quiz for this lesson, so we'd like you to complete the quiz to assess what you've learnt during the lesson on the World Wide Web, and we'd love you to share your work with Oak National.

So if you'd like to, please ask your parent or carer to share your work on Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter, tagging @OakNational and #LearnwithOak.

That's great.

Really enjoyed that.

And I'll see you next time.